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Jouventin P. (1992). The Antarctic Fauna : The Threats and their Control. The Antarctic Environment and International Law, , 33–38.
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Robin J.P., Boucontet L., Chillet P. & Groscolas R. (1998). Behavioral changes in fasting Emperor penguins: evidence for a refeeding signal“ linked to a metabolic shift.”. The american physiological society, 274, 746–753.
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Cherel Y., Charrassin J.B. & Challet E. (1994). Energy and protein requirements for molt in the King penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus. The american physiological society, , 1182–1188.
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Jenouvrier Stéphanie, Caswell Hal, Barbraud Christophe, Weimerskirch Henri, . (2010). Mating behavior, population growth, and the operational sex ratio: a periodic two-sex model approach.
. Am. Nat., 175(6), 739–52.
Abstract: We present a new approach to modeling two-sex populations, using periodic, nonlinear two-sex matrix models. The models project the population growth rate, the population structure, and any ratio of interest (e.g., operational sex ratio). The periodic formulation permits inclusion of highly seasonal behavioral events. A periodic product of the seasonal matrices describes annual population dynamics. The model is nonlinear because mating probability depends on the structure of the population. To study how the vital rates influence population growth rate, population structure, and operational sex ratio, we used sensitivity analysis of frequency-dependent nonlinear models. In nonlinear two-sex models the vital rates affect growth rate directly and also indirectly through effects on the population structure. The indirect effects can sometimes overwhelm the direct effects and are revealed only by nonlinear analysis. We find that the sensitivity of the population growth rate to female survival is negative for the emperor penguin, a species with highly seasonal breeding behavior. This result could not occur in linear models because changes in population structure have no effect on per capita reproduction. Our approach is applicable to ecological and evolutionary studies of any species in which males and females interact in a seasonal environment.
Keywords: Animals, Female, Male, Models, Biological, Population Growth, Sex Ratio, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Spheniscidae,
Programme: 109
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Bókony Veronika, Lendvai Adám Z, Liker András, Angelier Frédéric, Wingfield John C, Chastel Olivier, . (2009). Stress response and the value of reproduction: are birds prudent parents?
. Am. Nat., 173(5), 589–598.
Abstract: In vertebrates, stressors such as starvation or predator attacks stimulate the rapid elevation of circulating glucocorticoid hormones, triggering physiological and behavioral responses that aid immediate survival but simultaneously inhibit reproduction. This stress response has been proposed to serve as a physiological mediator of life-history trade-offs: when the value of current reproduction is high relative to the value of future reproduction and survival, a mitigated stress response is expected to enable successful breeding and maximize fitness. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we investigated baseline and peak stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels during parental care in 64 bird species. We found that (1) species with a higher value of the current brood relative to future breeding mounted weaker corticosterone responses during acute stress, and (2) females in species with more female-biased parental care had weaker corticosterone responses. These results support the brood value hypothesis, suggesting that the stress response evolves as an adaptive basis for life-history strategies. Further, we found that (3) baseline corticosterone correlated positively with brood value and negatively with body mass, and (4) peak corticosterone was greater in species breeding at higher latitudes. The latter findings suggest that circulating corticosterone concentrations might be matched to the anticipated demands and risks during nesting.
Programme: 109
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Duc Marine. (2019). Student mobility and the shaping of minoritized subjectivities Insights from trajectories of students from Greenland in Denmark.
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Angelier J., Bergerat F. & Homberg C. (2001). Variable coupling across weak oceanic transform fault:Flateyjarskagi, Iceland. Terra nova, 12, 97–101.
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Geoffroy L., Callot J.P., Aubourg C. & Moreira M. (2002). Magnetic and plagioclase linear fabric discrepancy in dykes: a new way to define the flow vector using magnetic foliation. Terra nova, 14(3), 183–190.
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DOUBRE C. & GEOFFROY L. (2003). Model for stress inversions and rift-zone development around a hot-spot-related magma centre on the Isle of Skye. Terra nova, 15, 230–237.
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Plateaux Romain, Angelier Jacques, Bergerat Françoise, Cappa Frederic, Stefánsson Ragnar, . (2010). Stress changes induced at neighbouring faults by the June 2000 earthquakes, South Iceland Seismic Zone
. 0954-4879, 22(2), 79–86.
Abstract: The South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ) is an E–W trending active transform zone with high seismicity. N–S trending right-lateral strike-slip faults accommodate the left-lateral transform motion. Using seismological data recorded from 1991 to 2007, we carried out stress inversion of focal mechanisms of 1340 earthquakes that affected the Skard and Leirubakki faults, eastern SISZ. Not only did the inversion show typical deviations of stress across the faults, it also revealed anticlockwise and clockwise rotations of stress axes with time. Numerical models of the Leirubakki Fault show that these rotations are consistent with the mechanical effect of a lowered friction coefficient during the post-seismic period relative to the pre-seismic period. The Skard Fault reveals a more complex behaviour associated with a higher post-seismic friction, resulting from a higher density of pre-existing fracturing and probable stress interaction between faults. Our results suggest that faults where micro-earthquakes occur during neighbouring major seismic events may undergo significant stress changes at the scale of several kilometres and on time-scales of several years.
Programme: 316
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