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Carlo Cauzzi, Susana Custódio, Christos P. Evangelidis, Giovanni Lanzano, Lucia Luzi, Lars Ottemöller, Helle Pedersen, Reinoud Sleeman |
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Title |
Preface to the Focus Section on European Seismic Networks and Associated Services and Products |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication  |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1483-1490 |
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Abstract |
Most of the articles of this focus section serve as good examples in the open science domain, in which data are expected to be “findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable” (Wilkinson et al., 2016). In many contributions, emphasis is placed on quality: as automated access to seismological archives via standardized web services emerges as the preferred user strategy, ensuring the high quality of data and metadata becomes more and more important (e.g., Büyükakpınar et al., 2021; Cambaz et al., 2021; Carrilho et al., 2021; Evangelidis et al., 2021; Mader and Ritter, 2021; Ottemöller et al., 2021; Péquegnat et al., 2021; Stammler et al., 2021; Strollo et al., 2021). Quality is especially important at a time when very large datasets are increasingly being processed routinely and “blindly” in machine‐learning approaches. The vast majority of seismological data centers already manage multisensor archives (seismometers, accelerometers, infrasound, amphibian seismological instruments, high‐rate global navigation satellite systems, etc.), and the inclusion of new types of data (e.g., rotational sensors, low‐cost instrumentation, and synthetic waveforms) in seismological archives poses new challenges and prompts for new technical solutions and standards for data archiving, metadata preparation, quality checks, data dissemination, and processing. A particular challenge over the next few years (Quinteros, Carter, et al., 2021) is the upcoming massive growth of data volume, due in particular to new instruments (large‐N experiments and distributed acoustic sensing systems) but also to increased volumes of traditional seismic data. It is expected that multisensor experiments will progressively dominate the technical and scientific discussion in geosciences in the coming decade, spurred by the societal need to develop multidisciplinary, multihazard science and research products. Joining forces and competences is therefore key to addressing future challenges: the EarthScope Consortium was recently established in the United States, and the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) was created as the framework to integrate all geoscience services in the greater European region. ORFEUS and its seismic network community strongly support the development and consolidation of EPOS by participating in the activities of its thematic core service for seismology. |
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0895-0695 |
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yes |
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8429 |
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Jan Grimsrud Davidsen, Xavier Bordeleau, Sindre Håvarstein Eldøy, Frederick Whoriskey, Michael Power, Glenn T. Crossin, Colin Buhariwalla, Philippe Gaudin |
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Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
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Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
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Abstract |
In 1954, brown trout were introduced to the Kerguelen archipelago (49°S, 70°E), a pristine, sub-Antarctic environment previously devoid of native freshwater fishes. Trout began spreading rapidly via coastal waters to colonize adjacent watersheds, however, recent and unexpectedly the spread has slowed. To better understand the ecology of the brown trout here, and why their expansion has slowed, we documented the marine habitat use, foraging ecology, and environmental conditions experienced over one year by 50 acoustically tagged individuals at the colonization front. Trout mainly utilized the marine habitat proximate to their tagging site, ranging no further than 7 km and not entering any uncolonized watersheds. Nutritional indicators showed that trout were in good condition at the time of tagging. Stomach contents and isotope signatures in muscle of additional trout revealed a diet of amphipods (68%), fish (23%), isopods (6%), and zooplankton (6%). The small migration distances observed, presence of suitable habitat, and rich local foraging opportunities suggest that trout can achieve their resource needs close to their home rivers. This may explain why the expansion of brown trout at Kerguelen has slowed. |
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2045-2322 |
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2045-2322 |
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8180 |
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Karine Sellegri, Alessia Nicosia, Evelyn Freney, Julia Uitz, Melilotus Thyssen, Gérald Grégori, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Nils Haëntjens, Sébastien Mas, David Picard, Alexia Saint-Macary, Maija Peltola, Clémence Rose, Jonathan Trueblood, Dominique Lefevre, Barbara D’Anna, Karine Desboeufs, Nicholas Meskhidze, Cécile Guieu, Cliff S. Law |
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Title |
Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
281 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric science Marine biology |
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Abstract |
One pathway by which the oceans influence climate is via the emission of sea spray that may subsequently influence cloud properties. Sea spray emissions are known to be dependent on atmospheric and oceanic physicochemical parameters, but the potential role of ocean biology on sea spray fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here we show a consistent significant relationship between seawater nanophytoplankton cell abundances and sea-spray derived Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number fluxes, generated using water from three different oceanic regions. This sensitivity of CCN number fluxes to ocean biology is currently unaccounted for in climate models yet our measurements indicate that it influences fluxes by more than one order of magnitude over the range of phytoplankton investigated. |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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7264 |
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Philip Bertrand, Joël Bêty, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Marie-Josée Fortin, Hallvard Strøm, Harald Steen, Jack Kohler, Stephanie M. Harris, Samantha C. Patrick, Olivier Chastel, P. Blévin, Haakon Hop, Geir Moholdt, Joséphine Maton, Sébastien Descamps |
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Title |
Fine-scale spatial segregation in a pelagic seabird driven by differential use of tidewater glacier fronts |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22109 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Biogeography |
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In colonially breeding marine predators, individual movements and colonial segregation are influenced by seascape characteristics. Tidewater glacier fronts are important features of the Arctic seascape and are often described as foraging hotspots. Albeit their documented importance for wildlife, little is known about their structuring effect on Arctic predator movements and space use. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tidewater glacier fronts can influence marine bird foraging patterns and drive spatial segregation among adjacent colonies. We analysed movements of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in a glacial fjord by tracking breeding individuals from five colonies. Although breeding kittiwakes were observed to travel up to ca. 280 km from the colony, individuals were more likely to use glacier fronts located closer to their colony and rarely used glacier fronts located farther away than 18 km. Such variation in the use of glacier fronts created fine-scale spatial segregation among the four closest (ca. 7 km distance on average) kittiwake colonies. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that spatially predictable foraging patches like glacier fronts can have strong structuring effects on predator movements and can modulate the magnitude of intercolonial spatial segregation in central-place foragers. |
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330 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8309 |
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Alberto Baudena, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Donatella D’Onofrio, Xavier Capet, Cedric Cotté, Yves Cherel, Francesco D’Ovidio |
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Title |
Fine-scale structures as spots of increased fish concentration in the open ocean |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15805 |
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Keywords |
Fisheries Marine biology Physical oceanography |
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Abstract |
Oceanic frontal zones have been shown to deeply influence the distribution of primary producers and, at the other extreme of the trophic web, top predators. However, the relationship between these structures and intermediate trophic levels is much more obscure. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by comparing acoustic measurements of mesopelagic fish concentrations to satellite-derived fine-scale Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. First, we demonstrate that higher fish concentrations occur more frequently in correspondence with strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Secondly, we illustrate that, while increased fish densities are more likely to be observed over these structures, the presence of a fine-scale feature does not imply a concomitant fish accumulation, as other factors affect fish distribution. Thirdly, we show that, when only chlorophyll-rich waters are considered, front intensity modulates significantly more the local fish concentration. Finally, we discuss a model representing fish movement along Lagrangian features, specifically built for mid-trophic levels. Its results, obtained with realistic parameters, are qualitatively consistent with the observations and the spatio-temporal scales analysed. Overall, these findings may help to integrate intermediate trophic levels in trophic models, which can ultimately support management and conservation policies. |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8384 |
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Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, Matthias Galipaud, Jérôme Moreau, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Eve Afonso, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Glen Brown, Dorothée Ehrich, Vladimir Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jannik Hansen, Richard Lanctot, Johannes Lang, Christopher Latty, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura McKinnon, Lisa Kennedy, Jeroen Reneerkens, Sarah Saalfeld, Brigitte Sabard, Niels M. Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Paul Smith, Aleksander Sokolov, Vasiliy Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Rob van Bemmelen, Øystein Varpe, Olivier Gilg |
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Title |
Behavioural responses of breeding arctic sandpipers to ground-surface temperature and primary productivity |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
755 |
Issue |
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Pages |
142485 |
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Keywords |
Environmental conditions Incubation behaviour Incubation recesses Incubation strategy Lag effects NDVI Shorebird |
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Abstract |
Most birds incubate their eggs, which requires time and energy at the expense of other activities. Birds generally have two incubation strategies: biparental where both mates cooperate in incubating eggs, and uniparental where a single parent incubates. In harsh and unpredictable environments, incubation is challenging due to high energetic demands and variable resource availability. We studied the relationships between the incubation behaviour of sandpipers (genus Calidris) and two environmental variables: temperature and a proxy of primary productivity (i.e. NDVI). We investigated how these relationships vary between incubation strategies and across species among strategies. We also studied how the relationship between current temperature and incubation behaviour varies with previous day's temperature. We monitored the incubation behaviour of nine sandpiper species using thermologgers at 15 arctic sites between 2016 and 2019. We also used thermologgers to record the ground surface temperature at conspecific nest sites and extracted NDVI values from a remote sensing product. We found no relationship between either environmental variables and biparental incubation behaviour. Conversely, as ground-surface temperature increased, uniparental species decreased total duration of recesses (TDR) and mean duration of recesses (MDR), but increased number of recesses (NR). Moreover, small species showed stronger relationships with ground-surface temperature than large species. When all uniparental species were combined, an increase in NDVI was correlated with higher mean duration, total duration and number of recesses, but relationships varied widely across species. Finally, some uniparental species showed a lag effect with a higher nest attentiveness after a warm day while more recesses occurred after a cold day than was predicted based on current temperatures. We demonstrate the complex interplay between shorebird incubation strategies, incubation behaviour, and environmental conditions. Understanding how species respond to changes in their environment during incubation helps predict their future reproductive success. |
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1036 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7553 |
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F. Thibon, L. Weppe, N. Vigier, C. Churlaud, T. Lacoue-Labarthe, M. Metian, Y. Cherel, P. Bustamante |
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Title |
Large-scale survey of lithium concentrations in marine organisms |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
751 |
Issue |
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Pages |
141453 |
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Keywords |
Bio-reduction Bioaccumulation Biogeography Ecotoxicology Multiple correspondence analyses Trophic webs |
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Abstract |
Trace metals such as Cu, Hg, and Zn have been widely investigated in marine ecotoxicological studies considering their bioaccumulation, transfer along trophic webs, and the risks they pose to ecosystems and human health. Comparatively, Li has received little attention, although this element is increasingly used in the high-tech, ceramics/glass, and medication industries. Here, we report Li concentrations in more than 400 samples, including whole organisms and different organs of bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans, and fish. We investigated species from three contrasting biogeographic areas, i.e. temperate (Bay of Biscay, northeast Atlantic Ocean), tropical (New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean), and subpolar climates (Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean), among diverse trophic groups (filter-feeders to meso-predators) and habitats (benthic, demersal, and pelagic). Although Li is homogeneously distributed in the ocean (at 0.18 μg/mL), Li concentrations in soft tissues vary greatly, from 0.01 to 1.20 μg/g dry weight. Multiple correspondence analyses reveal two clusters of high and low Li concentrations. Li distributions in marine organisms appear to be mostly geographically independent, though our results highlight a temperature dependency in fish muscles. Li is consistently bio-reduced through the trophic webs, with filter-feeders showing the highest concentrations and predatory fish the lowest. Strong variations are observed among organs, consistent with the biochemical similarity between Na and Li during transport in the brain and in osmoregulatory organs. Fish gills and kidneys show relatively high Li concentrations (0.26 and 0.15 μg/g, respectively) and fish brains show a large range of Li contents (up to 0.34 μg/g), whereas fish liver and muscles are Li depleted (0.07 ± 0.03 and 0.06 ± 0.08 μg/g, respectively). Altogether, these results provide the first exhaustive baseline for future Li ecotoxicology studies in marine coastal environments. |
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109 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7944 |
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Andrés Barbosa, Arvind Varsani, Virginia Morandini, Wray Grimaldi, Ralph E. T. Vanstreels, Julia I. Diaz, Thierry Boulinier, Meagan Dewar, Daniel González-Acuña, Rachael Gray, Clive R. McMahon, Gary Miller, Michelle Power, Amandine Gamble, Michelle Wille |
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Title |
Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in Antarctic wildlife |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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755 |
Issue |
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Pages |
143352 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Coronavirus COVID-19 Mitigation measures Reverse zoonoses Transmission |
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Abstract |
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pathogen has spread rapidly across the world, causing high numbers of deaths and significant social and economic impacts. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus with a suggested zoonotic origin with the potential for cross-species transmission among animals. Antarctica can be considered the only continent free of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, concerns have been expressed regarding the potential human introduction of this virus to the continent through the activities of research or tourism to minimise the effects on human health, and the potential for virus transmission to Antarctic wildlife. We assess the reverse-zoonotic transmission risk to Antarctic wildlife by considering the available information on host susceptibility, dynamics of the infection in humans, and contact interactions between humans and Antarctic wildlife. The environmental conditions in Antarctica seem to be favourable for the virus stability. Indoor spaces such as those at research stations, research vessels or tourist cruise ships could allow for more transmission among humans and depending on their movements between different locations the virus could be spread across the continent. Among Antarctic wildlife previous in silico analyses suggested that cetaceans are at greater risk of infection whereas seals and birds appear to be at a low infection risk. However, caution needed until further research is carried out and consequently, the precautionary principle should be applied. Field researchers handling animals are identified as the human group posing the highest risk of transmission to animals while tourists and other personnel pose a significant risk only when in close proximity (< 5 m) to Antarctic fauna. We highlight measures to reduce the risk as well as identify of knowledge gaps related to this issue. |
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0048-9697 |
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7960 |
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Elena Angulo, Christophe Diagne, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, Tasnime Adamjy, Danish A. Ahmed, Evgeny Akulov, Achyut K. Banerjee, César Capinha, Cheikh A. K. M. Dia, Gauthier Dobigny, Virginia G. Duboscq-Carra, Marina Golivets, Phillip J. Haubrock, Gustavo Heringer, Natalia Kirichenko, Melina Kourantidou, Chunlong Liu, Martin A. Nuñez, David Renault, David Roiz, Ahmed Taheri, Laura N. H. Verbrugge, Yuya Watari, Wen Xiong, Franck Courchamp |
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Title |
Non-English languages enrich scientific knowledge: The example of economic costs of biological invasions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
775 |
Issue |
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Pages |
144441 |
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Keywords |
Ecological bias InvaCost Knowledge gaps Management Native languages Stakeholders |
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Abstract |
We contend that the exclusive focus on the English language in scientific research might hinder effective communication between scientists and practitioners or policy makers whose mother tongue is non-English. This barrier in scientific knowledge and data transfer likely leads to significant knowledge gaps and may create biases when providing global patterns in many fields of science. To demonstrate this, we compiled data on the global economic costs of invasive alien species reported in 15 non-English languages. We compared it with equivalent data from English documents (i.e., the InvaCost database, the most up-to-date repository of invasion costs globally). The comparison of both databases (~7500 entries in total) revealed that non-English sources: (i) capture a greater amount of data than English sources alone (2500 vs. 2396 cost entries respectively); (ii) add 249 invasive species and 15 countries to those reported by English literature, and (iii) increase the global cost estimate of invasions by 16.6% (i.e., US$ 214 billion added to 1.288 trillion estimated from the English database). Additionally, 2712 cost entries — not directly comparable to the English database — were directly obtained from practitioners, revealing the value of communication between scientists and practitioners. Moreover, we demonstrated how gaps caused by overlooking non-English data resulted in significant biases in the distribution of costs across space, taxonomic groups, types of cost, and impacted sectors. Specifically, costs from Europe, at the local scale, and particularly pertaining to management, were largely under-represented in the English database. Thus, combining scientific data from English and non-English sources proves fundamental and enhances data completeness. Considering non-English sources helps alleviate biases in understanding invasion costs at a global scale. Finally, it also holds strong potential for improving management performance, coordination among experts (scientists and practitioners), and collaborative actions across countries. Note: non-English versions of the abstract and figures are provided in Appendix S5 in 12 languages. |
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0048-9697 |
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7973 |
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Céline Albert, Hálfdán Helgi Helgason, Maud Brault-Favrou, Gregory J. Robertson, Sébastien Descamps, Françoise Amélineau, Jóhannis Danielsen, Rune Dietz, Kyle Elliott, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Igor Eulaers, Alexey Ezhov, Michelle G. Fitzsimmons, Maria Gavrilo, Elena Golubova, David Grémillet, Scott Hatch, Nicholas P. Huffeldt, Dariusz Jakubas, Alexander Kitaysky, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Erlend Lorentzen, Mark L. Mallory, Benjamin Merkel, Flemming Ravn Merkel, William Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Rachael A. Orben, Allison Patterson, Jennifer Provencher, Christine Plumejeaud, Isabeau Pratte, Tone Kristin Reiertsen, Heather Renner, Nora Rojek, Marc Romano, Hallvard Strøm, Geir Helge Systad, Akinori Takahashi, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Alexis P. Will, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Paco Bustamante, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Seasonal variation of mercury contamination in Arctic seabirds: A pan-Arctic assessment |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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Volume |
750 |
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Pages |
142201 |
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Keywords |
Feathers Metal Polar Seasonal variation Top predators |
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Abstract |
Mercury (Hg) is a natural trace element found in high concentrations in top predators, including Arctic seabirds. Most current knowledge about Hg concentrations in Arctic seabirds relates to exposure during the summer breeding period when researchers can easily access seabirds at colonies. However, the few studies focused on winter have shown higher Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period than breeding period in several tissues. Hence, improving knowledge about Hg exposure during the non-breeding period is crucial to understanding the threats and risks encountered by these species year-round. We used feathers of nine migratory alcid species occurring at high latitudes to study bird Hg exposure during both the breeding and non-breeding periods. Overall, Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~3 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, spatial differences were apparent within and between the Atlantic and Pacific regions. While Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period were ~9 times and ~3 times higher than during the breeding period for the West and East Atlantic respectively, Hg concentrations in the Pacific during the non-breeding period were only ~1.7 times higher than during the breeding period. In addition, individual Hg concentrations during the non-breeding period for most of the seabird colonies were above 5 μg g−1 dry weight (dw), which is considered to be the threshold at which deleterious effects are observed, suggesting that some breeding populations might be vulnerable to non-breeding Hg exposure. Since wintering area locations, and migration routes may influence seasonal Hg concentrations, it is crucial to improve our knowledge about spatial ecotoxicology to fully understand the risks associated with Hg contamination in Arctic seabirds. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8026 |
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