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Author Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira doi  openurl
  Title Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Ocean Modelling Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 168 Issue Pages 101893  
  Keywords NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level  
  Abstract The development of a computationally efficient scheme for predicting the global distribution of total water level (TWL) is discussed. The ocean model is barotropic, has a horizontal grid spacing of 1/12°, and is based on the NEMO modeling framework. It is forced by the gravitational potential and hourly atmospheric fields for 2008. Hourly time spacing was required to resolve the S2 tide in global air pressure and wind. The predicted tide in water deeper than 400 m was nudged to TPXO8 “observations” of tidal elevation or current using a scheme called tidal nudging (Kodaira et al., 2019). The benefit of nudging horizontal velocity in the momentum equation, compared to sea level in the continuity equation, is discussed. Tidal nudging is shown to improve tidal predictions of sea level at the coast, particularly at the S2 tidal frequency. The predicted radiational S2 tide in sea level forced solely by the S2 tide in global air pressure reaches amplitudes exceeding 80 cm. Decreasing the time spacing of the air pressure forcing from 1 h to 3 h reduces the S2 amplitude in air pressure by a factor of 0.82, consistent with expectations based on Fourier analysis. This highlights the importance of using hourly atmospheric forcing when predicting the global sea level response to atmospheric forcing. The radiational S2 tide in sea level is subject to strong nonlinear interaction with the gravitational tide, leading to a pronounced attenuation of the radiational S2 tide. The attenuation is explained by an increase in effective bottom friction at the S2 frequency due to the presence of the gravitational tide. Four schemes for predicting TWL are evaluated to quantify the impact of tidal nudging and nonlinear interaction of tide and surge. Using TWLs observed by 304 coastal tide gauges, we show it is necessary to include both tidal nudging and nonlinear interaction. Plans for the further development of an operational flood forecast system for the Canadian coast, based on the above model, are discussed.  
  Programme 688  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1463-5003 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8356  
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Author David Renault, Eléna Manfrini, Boris Leroy, Christophe Diagne, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, Elena Angulo, Franck Courchamp doi  openurl
  Title Biological invasions in France: Alarming costs and even more alarming knowledge gaps Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) NeoBiota Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 67 Issue Pages 191-224  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The ever-increasing number of introduced species profoundly threatens global biodiversity. While the ecological and evolutionary consequences of invasive alien species are receiving increasing attention, their economic impacts have largely remained understudied, especially in France. Here, we aimed at providing a general overview of the monetary losses (damages caused by) and expenditures (management of) associated with invasive alien species in France. This country has a long history of alien species presence, partly due to its long-standing global trade activities, highly developed tourism, and presence of overseas territories in different regions of the globe, resulting in a conservative minimum of 2,750 introduced and invasive alien species. By synthesizing for the first time the monetary losses and expenditures incurred by invasive alien species in Metropolitan France and French overseas territories, we obtained 1,583 cost records for 98 invasive alien species. We found that they caused a conservative total amount ranging between US$ 1,280 million and 11,535 million in costs over the period 1993–2018. We extrapolated costs for species invading France, for which costs were reported in other countries but not in France, which yielded an additional cost ranging from US$ 151 to 3,030 millions. Damage costs were nearly eight times higher than management expenditure. Insects, and in particular the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and the yellow fever mosquito Ae. aegypti, totalled very high economic costs, followed by non-graminoid terrestrial flowering and aquatic plants (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ludwigia sp. and Lagarosiphon major). Over 90% of alien species currently recorded in France had no costs reported in the literature, resulting in high biases in taxonomic, regional and activity sector coverages. To conclude, we report alarming costs and even more alarming knowledge gaps. Our results should raise awareness of the importance of biosecurity and biosurveillance in France, and beyond, as well as the crucial need for better reporting and documentation of cost data.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1314-2488 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8094  
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Author Emilia Trudnowska, Léo Lacour, Mathieu Ardyna, Andreas Rogge, Jean Olivier Irisson, Anya M. Waite, Marcel Babin, Lars Stemmann doi  openurl
  Title Marine snow morphology illuminates the evolution of phytoplankton blooms and determines their subsequent vertical export Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 2816  
  Keywords Carbon cycle Marine biology  
  Abstract The organic carbon produced in the ocean’s surface by phytoplankton is either passed through the food web or exported to the ocean interior as marine snow. The rate and efficiency of such vertical export strongly depend on the size, structure and shape of individual particles, but apart from size, other morphological properties are still not quantitatively monitored. With the growing number of in situ imaging technologies, there is now a great possibility to analyze the morphology of individual marine snow. Thus, automated methods for their classification are urgently needed. Consequently, here we present a simple, objective categorization method of marine snow into a few ecologically meaningful functional morphotypes using field data from successive phases of the Arctic phytoplankton bloom. The proposed approach is a promising tool for future studies aiming to integrate the diversity, composition and morphology of marine snow into our understanding of the biological carbon pump.  
  Programme 1164  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8250  
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Author Jean Roger, Bernard Pelletier, Maxime Duphil, Jérôme Lefèvre, Jérôme Aucan, Pierre Lebellegard, Bruce Thomas, Céline Bachelier, David Varillon doi  openurl
  Title The Mw 7.5 Tadine (Maré, Loyalty Is.) earthquake and related tsunami of December 5, 2018: implications for tsunami hazard assessment in New Caledonia Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-25  
  Keywords  
  Abstract On The 5th Of December 2018, A Magnitude Mw 7.5 Earthquake Occurred Southeast Of Maré, An Island Of The Loyalty Archipelago, New Caledonia. This Earthquake Is Located At The Junction Between The Plunging Loyalty Ridge And The Southernmost Vanuatu Arc, In A Tectonically Very Active Area Regularly Subjected To Strong Seismic Crises And Events Higher Than Magnitude 7 And Up To 8. Widely Felt In New Caledonia It Has Been Immediately Followed By A Tsunami Warning, Confirmed Shortly After By A First Wave Arrival At The Loyalty Islands Tide Gauges (Maré And Lifou), Then Along The East Coast Of Grande Terre Of New Caledonia And In Several Islands Of The Vanuatu Archipelago. Seafloor Initial Deformation Linked To Tsunami Generation Has Been Modeled With Most Numerical Code Using Earthquake Parameters Available From Seismic Observatories. Then The Wave Propagation Has Been Modeled Using Schism, Another Modelling Code Solving The Shallow Water Equations On An Unstructured Grid Based On A New Regional Dem Of ~180 M Resolution And Allowing Refinement In Many Critical Areas. Finally, The Results Have Been Compared To Tide Gauge Records, Field Observations And Testimonials From 2018. The Arrival Times, Wave Amplitude And Polarities Present Good Similarities, Especially In Far-field Locations (Hienghène, Port-vila And Poindimié). Maximum Wave Heights And Energy Maps For Two Different Scenarios Highlight The Fact That The Orientation Of The Source (Strike Of The Rupture) Played An Important Role, Focusing The Maximum Energy Path Of The Tsunami South Of Grande-terre And The Isle Of Pines. However, Both Scenarios Indicate Similar Propagation Toward Aneityum, Vanuatu Southernmost Island, The Bathymetry Acting Like A Waveguide. This Study Has A Significant Implication In Tsunami Hazard Mitigation In New Caledonia As It Helps To Validate The Modelling Code And Process Used To Prepare A Scenarios Database For Warning And Coastal Evacuation.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1561-8633 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8019  
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Author Laurel Kaye, Shreyas Vissapragada, Maximilian N Günther, Suzanne Aigrain, Thomas Mikal-Evans, Eric L N Jensen, Hannu Parviainen, Francisco J Pozuelos, Lyu Abe, Jack S Acton, Abdelkrim Agabi, Douglas R Alves, David R Anderson, David J Armstrong, Khalid Barkaoui, Oscar Barragán, Björn Benneke, Patricia T Boyd, Rafael Brahm, Ivan Bruni, Edward M Bryant, Matthew R Burleigh, Sarah L Casewell, David Ciardi, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A Collins, Kevin I Collins, Dennis M Conti, Ian J M Crossfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Tansu Daylan, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Daniel Fabrycky, Michael Fausnaugh, Gábor Fuűrész, Tianjun Gan, Samuel Gill, Michaël Gillon, Michael R Goad, Varoujan Gorjian, Michael Greklek-McKeon, Natalia Guerrero, Tristan Guillot, Emmanuël Jehin, J S Jenkins, Monika Lendl, Jacob Kamler, Stephen R Kane, John F Kielkopf, Michelle Kunimoto, Wenceslas Marie-Sainte, James McCormac, Djamel Mékarnia, Farisa Y Morales, Maximiliano Moyano, Enric Palle, Vivien Parmentier, Howard M Relles, François-Xavier Schmider, Richard P Schwarz, S Seager, Alexis M S Smith, Thiam-Guan Tan, Jake Taylor, Amaury H M J Triaud, Joseph D Twicken, Stephane Udry, J I Vines, Gavin Wang, Peter J Wheatley, Joshua N Winn doi  openurl
  Title Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270 Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 510 Issue 4 Pages 5464-5485  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ∼10 min and a super-period of ∼3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of $M{\mathrm{b}}=1.48\pm 0.18\, M\oplus$, $M{\mathrm{c}}=6.20\pm 0.31\, M\oplus$, and $M{\mathrm{d}}=4.20\pm 0.16\, M\oplus$ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : eb = 0.0167 ± 0.0084, ec = 0.0044 ± 0.0006, and ed = 0.0066 ± 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.  
  Programme 1066  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0035-8711 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8413  
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Author Jesús A Ballesteros, Emily V W Setton, Carlos E Santibáñez-López, Claudia P Arango, Georg Brenneis, Saskia Brix, Kevin F Corbett, Esperanza Cano-Sánchez, Merai Dandouch, Geoffrey F Dilly, Marc P Eleaume, Guilherme Gainett, Cyril Gallut, Sean McAtee, Lauren McIntyre, Amy L Moran, Randy Moran, Pablo J López-González, Gerhard Scholtz, Clay Williamson, H Arthur Woods, Jakob T Zehms, Ward C Wheeler, Prashant P Sharma doi  openurl
  Title Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Molecular Biology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 686-701  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite significant advances in invertebrate phylogenomics over the past decade, the higher-level phylogeny of Pycnogonida (sea spiders) remains elusive. Due to the inaccessibility of some small-bodied lineages, few phylogenetic studies have sampled all sea spider families. Previous efforts based on a handful of genes have yielded unstable tree topologies. Here, we inferred the relationships of 89 sea spider species using targeted capture of the mitochondrial genome, 56 conserved exons, 101 ultraconserved elements, and 3 nuclear ribosomal genes. We inferred molecular divergence times by integrating morphological data for fossil species to calibrate 15 nodes in the arthropod tree of life. This integration of data classes resolved the basal topology of sea spiders with high support. The enigmatic family Austrodecidae was resolved as the sister group to the remaining Pycnogonida and the small-bodied family Rhynchothoracidae as the sister group of the robust-bodied family Pycnogonidae. Molecular divergence time estimation recovered a basal divergence of crown group sea spiders in the Ordovician. Comparison of diversification dynamics with other marine invertebrate taxa that originated in the Paleozoic suggests that sea spiders and some crustacean groups exhibit resilience to mass extinction episodes, relative to mollusk and echinoderm lineages.  
  Programme 1124  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1537-1719 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8246  
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Author Vallas B. openurl 
  Title Structuration spatiale et temporelle des colonies de manchots royaux (Aptenodytes patagonicus) Type Thesis
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Mémoires de diplôme de l'EPHE en SVT Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 137  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8717  
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Author Matthias Macé, Camille Richeval, Liubomira Romanova, Patrice Gérard, Sylvie Duchesne, Catherine Cannet, Irina Boyarskikh, Annie Gérault, Vincent Zvénigorosky, Darya Nikolaeva, Charles Stepanoff, Delphine Allorge, Michele Debrenne, Bertrand Ludes, Anatoly Alexeev, Jean-Michel Gaulier, Eric Crubézy doi  openurl
  Title Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Medrxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time.  
  Programme 1038  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7952  
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Author Meudec L. openurl 
  Title Analyse de la diversité des astéries du Plateau des Kerguelen par approches génétique et morphologique et modélisation des habitats Type Master 2
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Master 2 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 50 pp  
  Keywords  
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  Programme 1044  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8063  
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Author Le Moan E openurl 
  Title Utilisation de modèles mixtes pour décrire la réponse de l’oursin spatangue Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876), espèce endémique des Kerguelen, aux changements environnementaux Type Master 1
  Year 2021 Publication (down) Master 1 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 15 pp  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 1044  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8069  
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