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Author |
Lavrillier A. |
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Title |
Le pas léger sur la Terre des peuples des neiges |
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Book |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication  |
Atlas de la terre : comment l'homme a dominé la nature ? |
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Volume |
Hors-Série |
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80-81 |
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1127 |
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978-2368041192 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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8381 |
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Author |
Christian Zdanowicz, Jean-Charles Gallet, Mats P. Björkman, Catherine Larose, Thomas Schuler, Bartłomiej Luks, Krystyna Koziol, Andrea Spolaor, Elena Barbaro, Tõnu Martma, Ward van Pelt, Ulla Wideqvist, Johan Ström |
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Title |
Elemental and water-insoluble organic carbon in Svalbard snow: a synthesis of observations during 2007–2018 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3035-3057 |
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Abstract |
Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols emitted by biomass or fossil fuel combustion can contribute to amplifying Arctic climate warming by lowering the albedo of snow. The Svalbard archipelago, being near to Europe and Russia, is particularly affected by these pollutants, and improved knowledge of their distribution in snow is needed to assess their impact. Here we present and synthesize new data obtained on Svalbard between 2007 and 2018, comprising measurements of elemental (EC) and water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) in snow from 37 separate sites. We used these data, combined with meteorological data and snowpack modeling, to investigate the variability of EC and WIOC deposition in Svalbard snow across latitude, longitude, elevation and time. Overall, EC concentrations (CsnowEC) ranged from <1.0 to 266.6 ng g−1, while WIOC concentrations (CsnowWIOC) ranged from <1 to 9426 ng g−1, with the highest values observed near Ny-Ålesund. Calculated snowpack loadings (LsnowEC, LsnowWIOC) on glaciers surveyed in spring 2016 were 0.1 to 2.6 mg m−2 and 2 to 173 mg m−2, respectively. The median CsnowEC and the LsnowEC on those glaciers were close to or lower than those found in earlier (2007–2009), comparable surveys. Both LsnowEC and LsnowWIOC increased with elevation and snow accumulation, with dry deposition likely playing a minor role. Estimated area-averaged snowpack loads across Svalbard were 1.1 mg EC m−2 and 38.3 mg WIOC m−2 for the 2015–2016 winter. An ∼11-year long dataset of spring surface snow measurements from the central Brøgger Peninsula was used to quantify the interannual variability of EC and WIOC deposition in snow. In most years, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC at Ny-Ålesund (50 m a.s.l.) were 2–5 times higher than on the nearby Austre Brøggerbreen glacier (456 m a.s.l.), and the median EC/WIOC in Ny-Ålesund was 6 times higher, suggesting a possible influence of local EC emission from Ny-Ålesund. While no long-term trends between 2011 and 2018 were found, CsnowEC and CsnowWIOC showed synchronous variations at Ny-Ålesund and Austre Brøggerbreen. When compared with data from other circum-Arctic sites obtained by comparable methods, the median CsnowEC on Svalbard falls between that found in central Greenland (lowest) and those in continental sectors of European Arctic (northern Scandinavia, Russia and Siberia; highest), which is consistent with large-scale patterns of BC in snow reported by surveys based on other methods. |
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1192 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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8604 |
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Elena Barbaro, Krystyna Koziol, Mats P. Björkman, Carmen P. Vega, Christian Zdanowicz, Tonu Martma, Jean-Charles Gallet, Daniel Kępski, Catherine Larose, Bartłomiej Luks, Florian Tolle, Thomas V. Schuler, Aleksander Uszczyk, Andrea Spolaor |
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Title |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
3163-3180 |
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Abstract |
The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, SO42-, Br−, Cl−, and NO3-) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H). The main aims were to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to better understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition patterns on the snow chemical composition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Svalbard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both NO3- and NH4+ in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: NO3- has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and NH4+ in the south-west. The Br− enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial correlation patterns between Na+ and δ18O suggest that the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l. |
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1192 |
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1680-7316 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8608 |
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Author |
Matteo Feltracco, Elena Barbaro, Clara J. M. Hoppe, Klara K. E. Wolf, Andrea Spolaor, Rose Layton, Christoph Keuschnig, Carlo Barbante, Andrea Gambaro, Catherine Larose |
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Title |
Airborne bacteria and particulate chemistry capture Phytoplankton bloom dynamics in an Arctic fjord |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
256 |
Issue |
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Pages |
118458 |
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Keywords |
Air-to-sea exchanges Amino acids Arctic Atmospheric microorganisms Marine phytoplankton bloom |
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Abstract |
Primary biological aerosol particles and microorganisms are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. Investigations of airborne chemical markers and microbial communities are critical for identifying sources, transport and transformation processes of aerosols. One potential major source of airborne chemical compounds and microbial communities (e.g. L- and D-amino acids, Flavobacteria) could be related to phytoplankton blooms that occur during the spring season in Arctic fjord systems. Here, we conducted a field study in a polar environment to investigate the occurrence in coarse and fine particles of water-soluble compounds (major ions, carboxylic acids and free L- and D-amino acids) and airborne bacterial communities in aerosol samples. The sampling was conducted with a 6 day sampling frequency at the Gruvebadet observatory, close to Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands). Glycine, D-amino acids and C4- organic acids increased during the exponential phase of a marine bloom that occurred in Kongsfjorden and started to drop at the beginning of the main-bloom phase. On the other hand, Polaribacter together with free L-amino acids overlapped with the Chlorophyll a peak and the subsequent decline, and thus might constitute a useful marker for the main-bloom phase. |
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Programme |
1192 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1352-2310 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7963 |
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Author |
Warren RL. Cairns, Clara Turetta, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Olivier Magand, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Hélène Angot, Delia Segato, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francesca Sprovieri, Claudio Scarchilli, Paolo Grigioni, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Aurélien Dommergue, Andrea Spolaor |
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Title |
Mercury in precipitated and surface snow at Dome C and a first estimate of mercury depositional fluxes during the Austral summer on the high Antarctic plateau |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
262 |
Issue |
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Pages |
118634 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric conditions High resolution sampling Snow scavenging factor Snow sublimation |
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Abstract |
The role of deposition fluxes on the mercury cycle at Concordia station, on the high Antarctic plateau have been investigated over the Austral summer between December 2017 to January 2018. Wet/frozen deposition was collected daily from specially sited tables, simultaneously with the collection of surface (0–3 cm) and subsurface (3–6 cm) snow and the analysis of Hg0 in the ambient air. Over the course of the experiment the atmospheric Hg0 concentrations ranged from 0.58 ± 0.19 to 1.00 ± 0.33 ng m−3, surface snow Hg concentrations varied between (0–3 cm) 0.006 ± 0.003 to 0.001 ± 0.001 ng cm−3 and subsurface snow (3–6 cm) concentrations varied between 0.001 ± 0.001 to 0.003 ± 0.002 ng cm−3. The maximum daily wet deposition flux was found to be 23 ng m−2 d−1. Despite the low temporal resolution of our measurements combined with their potential errors, the linear regression of the Hg deposition fluxes against the snow accumulation rates allowed us to estimate the mean dry deposition rate from the intercept of the graph as −0.005 +- 0.008 ng m−2 d−1. From this analysis, we conclude that wet deposition accounts for the vast majority of the Hg deposition fluxes at Concordia Station. The number of snow events, together with the continuous GEM measurements have allowed us to make a first estimation of the mean snow scavenging factor at Dome C. Using the slope of the regression of mercury flux on snow accumulation we obtained a snow scavenging factor that ranges from 0.21 to 0.22 ± 0.02 (ngHg/g snow)/(ngHg/m3 air). Our data indicate that the boundary layer height and local meteorological effects influence Hg0 reemission from the top of (0–3 cm) the snowpack into the atmosphere and into the deeper snowpack layer (3–6 cm). These data will help constrain numerical models on the behaviour of mercury in Antarctica. |
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Programme |
1028 |
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1352-2310 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8057 |
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Author |
Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Mathieu Casado, Frédéric Prié, Olivier Jossoud, Erik Kerstel, Morgane Farradèche, Samir Kassi, Elise Fourré, Amaëlle Landais |
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Title |
A dedicated robust instrument for water vapor generation at low humidity for use with a laser water isotope analyzer in cold and dry polar regions |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
2907-2918 |
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Abstract |
Obtaining Precise Continuous Measurements Of Water Vapor Isotopic Composition In Dry Places (Polar Or High-altitude Regions) Is An Important Challenge. The Current Limitation Is The Strong Influence Of Humidity On The Measured Water Isotopic Composition By Laser Spectroscopy Instruments For Low Humidity Levels (Below 3000 Ppmv). This Problem Is Addressed By Determining The Relationships Between Humidity And Measured δ18o And δD Of Known Water Standards. Here, We Present The Development Of A Robust Field Instrument Able To Generate Water Vapor, Down To 70 Ppmv, At Very Stable Humidity Levels (Average 1σ Lower Than 10 Ppmv). This Instrument, Operated By A Raspberry Interface, Can Be Coupled To A Commercial Laser Spectroscopy Instrument. We Checked The Stability Of The System As Well As Its Accuracy When Expressing The Measured Isotopic Composition Of Water Vapor On The Vsmow–slap (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water – Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) Scale. It Proved To Be Highly Stable During Autonomous Operation Over More Than 1 Year At The East Antarctic Concordia And Dumont D'urville Stations. |
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Programme |
1110,1169,1205 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1867-1381 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8010 |
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Author |
Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Henk J. Eskes, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Ann Mari Fjæraa, José Granville, Sander Niemeijer, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, François Hendrick, Andrea Pazmiño, Alkiviadis Bais, Ariane Bazureau, K. Folkert Boersma, Kristof Bognar, Angelika Dehn, Sebastian Donner, Aleksandr Elokhov, Manuel Gebetsberger, Florence Goutail, Michel Grutter de la Mora, Aleksandr Gruzdev, Myrto Gratsea, Georg H. Hansen, Hitoshi Irie, Nis Jepsen, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Rigel Kivi, Karin Kreher, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cheng Liu, Moritz Müller, Monica Navarro Comas, Ankie J. M. Piters, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Thierry Portafaix, Cristina Prados-Roman, Olga Puentedura, Richard Querel, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, John Rimmer, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Lidia Saavedra de Miguel, Valery P. Sinyakov, Wolfgang Stremme, Kimberly Strong, Michel Van Roozendael, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Thomas Wagner, Folkard Wittrock, Margarita Yela González, Claus Zehner |
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Title |
Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
481-510 |
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Abstract |
This Paper Reports On Consolidated Ground-based Validation Results Of The Atmospheric No2 Data Produced Operationally Since April 2018 By The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi) On Board Of The Esa/eu Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5p) Satellite. Tropospheric, Stratospheric, And Total No2 Column Data From S5p Are Compared To Correlative Measurements Collected From, Respectively, 19 Multi-axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Max-doas), 26 Network For The Detection Of Atmospheric Composition Change (Ndacc) Zenith-scattered-light Doas (Zsl-doas), And 25 Pandonia Global Network (Pgn)/pandora Instruments Distributed Globally. The Validation Methodology Gives Special Care To Minimizing Mismatch Errors Due To Imperfect Spatio-temporal Co-location Of The Satellite And Correlative Data, E.g. By Using Tailored Observation Operators To Account For Differences In Smoothing And In Sampling Of Atmospheric Structures And Variability And Photochemical Modelling To Reduce Diurnal Cycle Effects. Compared To The Ground-based Measurements, S5p Data Show, On Average, (I) A Negative Bias For The Tropospheric Column Data, Of Typically −23 % To −37 % In Clean To Slightly Polluted Conditions But Reaching Values As High As −51 % Over Highly Polluted Areas; (Ii) A Slight Negative Median Difference For The Stratospheric Column Data, Of About −0.2 Pmolec Cm−2, I.e. Approx. −2 % In Summer To −15 % In Winter; And (Iii) A Bias Ranging From Zero To −50 % For The Total Column Data, Found To Depend On The Amplitude Of The Total No2 Column, With Small To Slightly Positive Bias Values For Columns Below 6 Pmolec Cm−2 And Negative Values Above. The Dispersion Between S5p And Correlative Measurements Contains Mostly Random Components, Which Remain Within Mission Requirements For The Stratospheric Column Data (0.5 Pmolec Cm−2) But Exceed Those For The Tropospheric Column Data (0.7 Pmolec Cm−2). While A Part Of The Biases And Dispersion May Be Due To Representativeness Differences Such As Different Area Averaging And Measurement Times, It Is Known That Errors In The S5p Tropospheric Columns Exist Due To Shortcomings In The (Horizontally Coarse) A Priori Profile Representation In The Tm5-mp Chemical Transport Model Used In The S5p Retrieval And, To A Lesser Extent, To The Treatment Of Cloud Effects And Aerosols. Although Considerable Differences (Up To 2 Pmolec Cm−2 And More) Are Observed At Single Ground-pixel Level, The Near-real-time (Nrti) And Offline (Offl) Versions Of The S5p No2 Operational Data Processor Provide Similar No2 Column Values And Validation Results When Globally Averaged, With The Nrti Values Being On Average 0.79 % Larger Than The Offl Values. |
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Programme |
209 |
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1867-1381 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8013 |
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Author |
Charlène Gémard, Víctor Planas-Bielsa, Francesco Bonadonna, Thierry Aubin |
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Title |
Contextual variations in calls of two nonoscine birds: the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
769-779 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Bird vocalizations are critical cues in social interactions as they convey temporary information varying with the social context, for example, the signaler motivation when facing a rival or a potential mate. To date, literature mainly focused on learning birds. Burrowing petrels (Procellariidae) are nonlearning birds with a limited vocal repertoire. Bachelor males communicate with conspecifics with a single call emitted in three situations: in the absence of a certain auditory (spontaneous calls), toward females (female-directed calls), and toward males (male-directed calls). We first hypothesized that, although the call structure is preserved, temporal and spectral parameters vary between the three call types of bachelor males, translating different motivations (Motivation Hypothesis). To go further, we hypothesized that acoustic variations in male-directed calls indicate the signaler’s aggressive motivation and, therefore, the variations are similar whether calls are produced by breeder or bachelor males (Breeding Status Hypothesis). We tested the two hypotheses performing field playback experiments on two petrel species: the blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) and the Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata). Despite the obvious call stereotypy, we observed temporal variations and frequency shifts when males react to a female or a male, which may translate the sexual or aggressive motivation of the signaler. Furthermore, the similarity of variations in male-directed calls of both breeder and bachelor males suggests the aggressive motivation. So far, vocal plasticity in nonlearning birds has been greatly underestimated. Here, we highlighted the expression of different motivations through vocal variations and the ability to produce frequency variations in species with genetically coded vocalizations. |
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Programme |
354 |
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ISSN |
1045-2249 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8259 |
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Author |
Charlène Gémard, Thierry Aubin, Eliette L. Reboud, Francesco Bonadonna |
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Title |
Call rate, fundamental frequency, and syntax determine male-call attractiveness in blue petrels Halobaena caerulea |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
75 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
55 |
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Abstract |
In blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), females are supposed to be particularly choosy and mate choice can take a couple of years. In these lifelong monogamous seabirds, choosing a good mate is crucial and has a strong influence on their fitness. Due to their nocturnal habits, the absence of sexual dimorphism, and the physical barrier between males calling from their burrow and females flying above the colony, vocal signals seem to be one of the main channels for males to communicate with potential mates. In a previous study, we investigated whether acoustic parameters of male calls carry information about morphological characteristics that might be indicators of males’ qualities. Here, we experimentally test whether these acoustic parameters linked to male characteristics are actually attractive to females. To do so, we played back modified calls of males to females in a colony of blue petrels of the Kerguelen archipelago. We found that flying females were more attracted by high-pitched calls, and by calls broadcasted at a high call rate. Previous studies showed a relationship between pitch and bill depth and length. In filter-feeding birds, such as blue petrels, bill morphology influences feeding efficiency. A high call rate is an indicator of sexual motivation and makes the caller easier to locate by potential mates and predators in the hubbub of the colony. We thus hypothesized that producing frequent high-pitched calls appeared to be preferable for a conspicuous sexual signaling although it may increase predation risks. |
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Samara Danel, Timothée Zidat, Annick Lucas, Dora Biro, Francesco Bonadonna |
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First description of nest-decoration behaviour in a wild sub-Antarctic shorebird |
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2021 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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188 |
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104408 |
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Animal communication Extended phenotype Nest decoration Non-bodily ornament Signal |
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A wide range of animal species accumulate objects in, on, and/or around structures they build. Sometimes, these accumulations serve specific functions (e.g. structural or isolating features) or are purely incidental, while in other cases the materials are deliberately displayed to serve signalling purposes (extended phenotype signals). In this pilot study, we employed systematic in situ observations and camera trapping to describe for the first time that both partners of a territorial shorebird, the black-faced sheathbill (Chionis minor ssp minor) collect, carry, and arrange colourful marine shells and dry twigs within and around their nest cavity. Our observations expand the taxonomic breadth of avian extended phenotype signals, by showing that at least one species within a largely understudied group i.e., Charadriiformes, exhibits nest-decoration behaviour. Multiple manipulative experiments are needed to explore further the signalling function of these decorations, which opens new exciting avenues for animal communication and cognition research. |
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7953 |
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