| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication  |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
775 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
145238 |
| Keywords |
Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact |
| Abstract |
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages. |
| Programme |
136 |
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Summary Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8089 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Viability and stress state of bacteria associated with primary production or zooplankton-derived suspended particulate matter in summer along a transect in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
770 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
145252 |
| Keywords |
Bacterial viability EPS isomerase Micro- and macro-zooplankton Salinity stress Sea ice algae |
| Abstract |
In the framework of the GreenEdge Project (whose the general objective is to understand the dynamic of the phytoplankton spring bloom in Arctic Ocean), lipid composition and viability and stress state of bacteria were monitored in sea ice and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected in 2016 along a transect from sea ice to open water in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean). Lipid analyses confirmed the dominance of diatoms in the bottommost layer of ice and suggested (i) the presence of a strong proportion of micro-zooplankton in SPM samples collected at the western ice covered St 403 and St 409 and (ii) a high proportion of macro-zooplankton (copepods) in SPM samples collected at the eastern ice covered St 413 and open water St 418. The use of the propidium monoazide (PMA) method allowed to show a high bacterial mortality in sea ice and in SPM material collected in shallower waters at St 409 and St 418. This mortality was attributed to the release of bactericidal free fatty acids by sympagic diatoms under the effect of light stress. A strong cis-trans isomerization of bacterial MUFAs was observed in the deeper SPM samples collected at the St 403 and St 409. It was attributed to the ingestion of bacteria stressed by salinity in brine channels of ice by sympagic bacterivorous microzooplankton (ciliates) incorporating trans fatty acids of their preys before to be released in the water column during melting. The high trans/cis ratios also observed in SPM samples collected in the shallower waters at St 413 and St 418 suggest the presence of positively or neutrally buoyant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-rich particles retained in sea ice and discharged (with bacteria stressed by salinity) in seawater after the initial release of algal biomass. Such EPS particles, which are generally considered as ideal vectors for bacterial horizontal distribution in the Arctic, appeared to contain a high proportion of dead and non-growing bacteria. |
| Programme |
1164 |
| Campaign |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8253 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
eabd7225 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8369 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Hemispheric asymmetry in ocean change and the productivity of ecosystem sentinels |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
372 |
Issue |
6545 |
Pages |
980-983 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Sampling seabirds The vastness of the worlds' oceans makes them difficult to monitor. Seabirds that forage and breed across oceans globally have been recognized as sentinels of ocean health. Sydeman et al. looked across seabird species of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and found varying patterns. Northern Hemisphere species exhibited greater signs of stress and reduced breeding success, indicative of low fish resources. Southern Hemisphere species showed less impact on reproductive output, suggesting that the fish populations there have thus far been less disturbed. The differences across hemispheres indicate different strategies for conservation, with active recovery needed in the north and enhanced protection in the south. Science, abf1772, this issue p. 980 Climate change and other human activities are causing profound effects on marine ecosystem productivity. We show that the breeding success of seabirds is tracking hemispheric differences in ocean warming and human impacts, with the strongest effects on fish-eating, surface-foraging species in the north. Hemispheric asymmetry suggests the need for ocean management at hemispheric scales. For the north, tactical, climate-based recovery plans for forage fish resources are needed to recover seabird breeding productivity. In the south, lower-magnitude change in seabird productivity presents opportunities for strategic management approaches such as large marine protected areas to sustain food webs and maintain predator productivity. Global monitoring of seabird productivity enables the detection of ecosystem change in remote regions and contributes to our understanding of marine climate impacts on ecosystems. The breeding success of seabirds is tracking hemispheric differences in ocean warming and human impacts. The breeding success of seabirds is tracking hemispheric differences in ocean warming and human impacts. |
| Programme |
109 |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
7980 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
|
| Title |
Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
372 |
Issue |
6546 |
Pages |
1097-1101 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
902 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8254 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Radar altimeter waveform simulations in Antarctica with the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer Model (SMRT) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
263 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
112534 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic ice sheet Field measurements Modeling Radar altimetry Remote sensing SMRT Waveform |
| Abstract |
Radar altimeters are important tools to monitor the volume of the ice sheets. The penetration of radar waves in the snowpack is a major source of uncertainty to retrieve surface elevation. To correct this effect, a better understanding of the sensitivity of the radar waveforms to snow properties is needed. Here, we present an extension of the Snow Model Radiative Transfer (SMRT) to compute radar waveforms and conduct a series of simulations on the Antarctic ice sheet. SMRT is driven by snow and surface roughness properties measured over a large latitudinal range during two field campaigns on the Antarctic Plateau. These measurements show that the snowpack is rougher, denser, less stratified, warmer, and has smaller snow grains near the coast than on the central Plateau. These simulations are compared to satellite observations in the Ka, Ku, and S bands. SMRT reproduces the observed waveforms well. For all sites and all sensors, the main contribution comes from the surface echo. The echo from snow grains (volume scattering) represents up to 40% of the amplitude of the total waveform power in the Ka band, and less at the lower frequencies. The highest amplitude is observed on the central Plateau due to the combination of higher reflection from the surface, higher scattering by snow grains in the Ka and Ku bands, and higher inter-layer reflections in the S band. In the Ka band, the wave penetrates in the snowpack less deeply on the central Plateau than near the coast because of the strong scattering caused by the larger snow grains. The opposite is observed in the S band, the wave penetrates deeper on the central Plateau because of the lower absorption due to the lower snow temperatures. The elevation bias caused by wave penetration into the snowpack show a constant bias of 10 cm for all sites in the Ka band, and a bias of 11 cm, and 21 cm in the Ku band for sites close to the coast and the central Plateau, respectively. Now that SMRT is performing waveform simulations, further work will address how the snowpack properties affect the parameters retrieved by more advanced retracking algorithms such as ICE-2 for different snow cover surfaces. |
| Programme |
1110 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0034-4257 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7997 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
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| Title |
|
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1978 |
| Keywords |
arctic cryosphere moraine photogrammetry snow water equivalent snowcover spatial dynamics UAV-SfM |
| Abstract |
The global climate shift currently underway has significant impacts on both the quality and quantity of snow precipitation. This directly influences the spatial variability of the snowpack as well as cumulative snow height. Contemporary glacier retreat reorganizes periglacial morphology: while the glacier area decreases, the moraine area increases. The latter is becoming a new water storage potential that is almost as important as the glacier itself, but with considerably more complex topography. Hence, this work fills one of the missing variables of the hydrological budget equation of an arctic glacier basin by providing an estimate of the snow water equivalent (SWE) of the moraine contribution. Such a result is achieved by investigating Structure from Motion (SfM) image processing that is applied to pictures collected from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a method for producing snow depth maps over the proglacial moraine area. Several UAV campaigns were carried out on a small glacial basin in Spitsbergen (Arctic): the measurements were made at the maximum snow accumulation season (late April), while the reference topography maps were acquired at the end of the hydrological year (late September) when the moraine is mostly free of snow. The snow depth is determined from Digital Surface Model (DSM) subtraction. Utilizing dedicated and natural ground control points for relative positioning of the DSMs, the relative DSM georeferencing with sub-meter accuracy removes the main source of uncertainty when assessing snow depth. For areas where snow is deposited on bare rock surfaces, the correlation between avalanche probe in-situ snow depth measurements and DSM differences is excellent. Differences in ice covered areas between the two measurement techniques are attributed to the different quantities measured: while the former only measures snow accumulation, the latter includes all of the ice accumulation during winter through which the probe cannot penetrate, in addition to the snow cover. When such inconsistencies are observed, icing thicknesses are the source of the discrepancy that is observed between avalanche probe snow cover depth measurements and differences of DSMs. |
| Programme |
1108 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
4442 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Alexander Kokhanovsky, Simon Gascoin, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard |
| Title |
Retrieval of Snow Albedo and Total Ozone Column from Single-View MSI/S-2 Spectral Reflectance Measurements over Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
13 |
Issue |
21 |
Pages |
4404 |
| Keywords |
albedo inverse problems light scattering radiative transfer snow snow grain size |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1110 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2072-4292 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8305 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Yushiro Fujii, Kenji Satake, Shingo Watada, Tung-Cheng Ho |
| Title |
|
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Pure and Applied Geophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
178 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
4777-4796 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1420-9136 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8411 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
The high diversity of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) reveals original evolutionary pathways |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Progress in oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
102472 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica Biodiversity COI mtDNA Echinodermata Evolution Phylogeography |
| Abstract |
Benthic life in the Southern Ocean (SO) features unique life history traits and species assemblages, but the origin and evolution of many of these taxonomic groups is still unclear. Sea stars (Asteroidea) are a diversified and abundant component of benthic ecosystems in the SO, in which they can play key ecological roles. Former studies suggest that the diversity of the entire class is still poorly known and underestimated, hampering the assessment of the origin and evolution of the class in the SO. In the present study, we analyse spatial patterns of SO sea star diversity using an occurrence database of ~14,000 entries. The biogeographic analysis is coupled with the exploration of an extensive molecular phylogeny based on over 4,400 specimen sequences to inform, support and/or question the observed diversity patterns. We show that the current taxonomy of SO asteroids needs revision and that their diversity has generally been overlooked and misinterpreted. Molecular results highlight the recent diversification of most studied taxa, at genus and species levels, which supports an evolutionary scenario referring to successive invasion and exchange events between the SO and adjacent regions, and clade diversification during periods of rapid environmental changes driven by the succession of glacial cycles. Our work advocates for employing, and endorsing the use of extensive genetic barcode libraries for biodiversity studies. |
| Programme |
1044,1124 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0079-6611 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8183 |
| Permanent link to this record |
