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Author A. Corbeau, J. Collet, F. Orgeret, P. Pistorius, H. Weimerskirch doi  openurl
  Title Fine-scale interactions between boats and large albatrosses indicate variable susceptibility to bycatch risk according to species and populations Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Animal Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 689-699  
  Keywords albatross populations biologging bycatch assessment bycatch risk ecological trap fisheries fishing boat bycatch seabirds  
  Abstract Many seabirds are attracted to fishing boats where they exploit foraging opportunities, often involving bycatch-related mortality. Bycatch risk is generally estimated by overlapping seabirds foraging ranges with coarse-scale monthly maps of fishing efforts, but a more direct estimation would be the time birds actually spend attending fishing boats. Here we matched data from Automatic Identification Systems from all declared boats in the Southern Ocean, with 143 simultaneous foraging trips from all populations of large albatrosses (Diomedea amsterdamensis and Diomedea exulans) breeding in the Indian Ocean (Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Amsterdam islands). We quantified and compared real-time co-occurrence between boats and albatrosses, at different scales (100, 30 and 5 km). We also examined to what extent co-occurrence at a large-scale (5×5° grid cell) predicted fine-scale attendance (5 km). Albatrosses on average spent about 3 h per trip attending fishing boats (<5 km) at both Amsterdam and Marion and about 30 h per trip at Kerguelen. In all populations, >90% of declared fishing boat attendances occurred within Economic Exclusive Zones (EEZ) where bycatch mitigation measures are enforced. Outside EEZs, birds from all populations to a large extent also attended non-fishing boats. Fishing boat density at a large scale (5 × 5°, 100 km) was a poor predictor of time spent attending fishing boats (<5 km) across populations. Our results indicate a large variation in fishing boat densities within the foraging ranges of different populations and in the time birds spent attending boats. We discuss the pros and cons of considering bycatch risk at a large geographical scale and methods that can be implemented to improve the estimation of seabird vulnerability to fishing activities when fine-scale data are available, particularly for the conservation of those highly threatened species.  
  Programme 109  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1469-1795 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8209  
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Author Minna Palmroth, Maxime Grandin, Theodoros Sarris, Eelco Doornbos, Stelios Tourgaidis, Anita Aikio, Stephan Buchert, Mark A. Clilverd, Iannis Dandouras, Roderick Heelis, Alex Hoffmann, Nickolay Ivchenko, Guram Kervalishvili, David J. Knudsen, Anna Kotova, Han-Li Liu, David M. Malaspina, Günther March, Aurélie Marchaudon, Octav Marghitu, Tomoko Matsuo, Wojciech J. Miloch, Therese Moretto-Jørgensen, Dimitris Mpaloukidis, Nils Olsen, Konstantinos Papadakis, Robert Pfaff, Panagiotis Pirnaris, Christian Siemes, Claudia Stolle, Jonas Suni, Jose van den IJssel, Pekka T. Verronen, Pieter Visser, Masatoshi Yamauchi doi  openurl
  Title Lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) quantities: current status of measuring techniques and models Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Annales Geophysicae Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 189-237  
  Keywords  
  Abstract

Abstract. The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the atmosphere below and space above. The atmospheric part of the LTI is dominated by laws of continuum fluid dynamics and chemistry, while the ionosphere is a plasma system controlled by electromagnetic forces driven by the magnetosphere, the solar wind, as well as the wind dynamo. The LTI is hence a domain controlled by many different physical processes. However, systematic in situ measurements within this region are severely lacking, although the LTI is located only 80 to 200 km above the surface of our planet. This paper reviews the current state of the art in measuring the LTI, either in situ or by several different remote-sensing methods. We begin by outlining the open questions within the LTI requiring high-quality in situ measurements, before reviewing directly observable parameters and their most important derivatives. The motivation for this review has arisen from the recent retention of the Daedalus mission as one among three competing mission candidates within the European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Explorer 10 Programme. However, this paper intends to cover the LTI parameters such that it can be used as a background scientific reference for any mission targeting in situ observations of the LTI.

 
  Programme 312  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0992-7689 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7951  
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Author O. Alemany, P. Talalay, P. Boissonneau, J. Chappellaz, J. F. Chemin, R. Duphil, E. Lefebvre, L. Piard, P. Possenti, J. Triest doi  openurl
  Title The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: hydraulic considerations Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Annals of Glaciology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 62 Issue 84 Pages 131-142  
  Keywords Glaciological instruments and methods ice coring ice engineering paleoclimate  
  Abstract Using significant technological breakthroughs and unconventional approaches, the goal of the in situ probing of glacier ice for a better understanding of the orbital response of climate (SUBGLACIOR) project is to advance ice core research by inventing, constructing and testing an in situ probe to evaluate if a target site is suitable for recovering ice as old as 1.5 million years. Embedding a laser spectrometer, the probe is intended to make its own way down into the ice and to measure, in real time and down to the bedrock, the depth profiles of the ice δD water isotopes as well as the trapped CH4 gas concentration and dust concentration. The probe descent is achieved through electromechanical drilling combined with continuous meltwater sample production using a central melting finger in the drill head. A key aspect of the project lies in the design and implementation of an efficient method to continuously transfer to the surface the ice chips being produced by the drill head and from the refreezed water expulsed downstream from the melting finger, into the borehole. This paper presents a detailed calculation and analysis of the flow rates and pressure conditions required to overcome friction losses of the drilling fluid and to effectively transport ice chips to the surface.  
  Programme 119  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0260-3055, 1727-5644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8234  
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Author Von Beckerath, X., Eitzinger, B., Sittler, B., Gilg, O., Yannic, G., Klein, A.-M., Benadi, G. openurl 
  Title Long-term monitoring reveals topographical features and vegetation explain winter habitat use of an Arctic rodent Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Annual meeting of the icelandic ecological society. nordic society oikos, reykjavik, iceland, 16-17 april 2021 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Programme 1036  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8450  
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Author Joanna Charton, Vincent Jomelli, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Deborah Verfaillie, Vincent Favier, Fatima Mokadem, Adrien Gilbert, Fanny Brun, Georges Aumaître, Didier L. Bourlès, Karim Keddadouche doi  openurl
  Title A debris-covered glacier at Kerguelen (49°S, 69°E) over the past 15 000 years Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Antarctic Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 103-115  
  Keywords Antarctic Cold Reversal glacier fluctuations Holocene in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating palaeoclimate sub-Antarctic  
  Abstract Debris-covered glaciers constitute a large part of the world's cryosphere. However, little is known about their long-term response to multi-millennial climate variability, in particular in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we provide first insights into the response of a debris-covered glacier to multi-millennial climate variability in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago, which can be compared to that of recently investigated debris-free glaciers. We focus on the Gentil Glacier and present 13 new 36Cl cosmic-ray exposure ages from moraine boulders. The Gentil Glacier experienced at least two glacial advances: the first one during the Late Glacial (19.0–11.6 ka) at ~14.3 ka and the second one during the Late Holocene at ~2.6 ka. Both debris-covered and debris-free glaciers advanced broadly synchronously during the Late Glacial, most probably during the Antarctic Cold Reversal event (14.5–12.9 ka). This suggests that both glacier types at Kerguelen were sensitive to abrupt temperature changes recorded in Antarctic ice cores, associated with increased moisture. However, during the Late Holocene, the advance at ~2.6 ka was not observed in other glaciers and seems to be an original feature of the debris-covered Gentil Glacier, related to either distinct dynamics or to distinct sensitivity to precipitation changes.  
  Programme 1048  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0954-1020, 1365-2079 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8186  
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Author Deborah Verfaillie, Joanna Charton, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Zoe Stroebele, Vincent Jomelli, François Bétard, Vincent Favier, Julien Cavero, Etienne Berthier, Hugues Goosse, Vincent Rinterknecht, Claude Legentil, Raphaelle Charrassin, Georges Aumaître, Didier L. Bourlès, Karim Keddadouche doi  openurl
  Title Evolution of the Cook Ice Cap (Kerguelen Islands) between the last centuries and 2100 ce based on cosmogenic dating and glacio-climatic modelling Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Antarctic Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 3 Pages 301-317  
  Keywords degree-day glaciological model future projections glacial fluctuations in situ cosmogenic chlorine-36 dating moraines sub-Antarctic islands  
  Abstract The Cook Ice Cap (CIC) on the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands recently experienced extremely negative surface mass balance. Further deglaciation could have important impacts on endemic and invasive fauna and flora. To put this exceptional glacier evolution into a multi-centennial-scale context, we refined the evolution of the CIC over the last millennium, investigated the associated climate conditions and explored its potential evolution by 2100 ce. A glaciological model, constrained by cosmic ray exposure dating of moraines, historical documents and recent direct mass balance observations, was used to simulate the ice-cap extents during different phases of advance and retreat between the last millennium and 2100 ce. Cosmogenic dating suggests glacial advance around the early Little Ice Age (LIA), consistent with findings from other sub-Antarctic studies, and the rather cold and humid conditions brought about by the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). This study contributes to our currently limited understanding of palaeoclimate for the early LIA in the southern Indian Ocean. Glaciological modelling and observations confirm the recent decrease in CIC extent linked to the intensification of the SAM. Although affected by large uncertainties, future simulations suggest a complete disappearance of CIC by the end of the century.  
  Programme 1048  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0954-1020, 1365-2079 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8187  
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Author Francesco Enrichi, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, Jørgen Peder Steffensen, Carlo Barbante doi  openurl
  Title Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Cleaning Ice Cores from EstisolTM 140 Drill Liquid Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 9 Pages 3830  
  Keywords Beyond EPICA drilling Estisol ice cores  
  Abstract To reconstruct climate history of the past 1.5 Million years, the project: Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice (BEOI) will drill about 2700 m of ice core in East Antarctica (2021–2025). As drilling fluid, an aliphatic ester fluid, EstisolTM 140, will be used. Newly drilled ice cores will be retrieved from the drill soaked in fluid, and this fluid should be removed from the cores. Most of it will be vacuum-cleaned off in a Fluid Extraction Device and wiped off with paper towels. Based on our experiences in Greenland deep ice coring, most of the residual fluid can be removed by storing the cores openly on shelves in a ventilated room. After a week of “drying”, the cores have a dry feel, handling them do not give “wet” gloves and they can easily be marked with lead pencils. This paper presents a theoretical investigation and some simple testing on the “drying” process. The rates of sublimation of ice and evaporation of fluid have been calculated at different temperatures. The calculations show that sublimation of the ice core should not occur, and that evaporation of fluid should be almost negligible. Our test results support these calculations, but also revealed significant fluid run-off and dripping, resulting in the removal of most of the fluid in a couple of days, independent of temperature and ventilation conditions. Finally, we discuss crucial factors that ensure optimal long-term ice core preservation in storage, such as temperature stability, defrosting cycles of freezers and open core storage versus storage of cores in insulated crates.  
  Programme 1202  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8247  
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Author Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars, Rolf A. Ims doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Fat, Furry, Flexible, and Functionally Important: Characteristics of Mammals Living in the Arctic Type Book
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Arctic Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 357-384  
  Keywords arctic ecosystems Arctic mammals climate change deglaciation food webs homeotherms low mammal species diversity primary production  
  Abstract Mammals constitute a group of vertebrates that share a number of unique characteristics,such as nursing their young with milk, and having hair. The pattern of low mammal species diversity in the Arctic probably reflects a combination of mainly two driving factors: first, being homeotherms, mammals require a substantial amount of energy to sustain the various life processes, and the arctic regions are characterized by a very low availability of energy due to short seasons for primary production. Secondly, the occurrence of arctic mammals today reflects the reinvasion of the mammal species into the Arctic as the ecosystems were re-established following the deglaciation. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the arctic mammals, including their unique adaptations to life, and their role as both consumer and food base in the arctic ecosystems. Climate change in the Arctic may also alter the interactions within food webs.  
  Programme 1036  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-1-118-84658-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8489  
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Author Samuel Veilleux, Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry doi  openurl
  Title Snow cornice and snow avalanche monitoring using automatic time lapse cameras in Tasiapik Valley, Nunavik (Québec) during the winter of 2017–2018 Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Arctic Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 798-812  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A series of automatic time-lapse cameras installed along the southwestern side of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, Nunavik (northern Québec) documented several departure modes and types of snow involved in snow avalanches during winter 2017–2018. These included cornice–avalanche dynamics, slab and loose snow avalanches, and clean and dirty snow avalanches. At the top of the selected slope, a camera monitored the development of a snow cornice beginning in November 2017, detecting multiple cornice failures over the winter and spring. The track and deposition area of the runout paths were monitored from two cameras downslope, revealing the concomitance of snow–cornice fall and snow avalanche triggering. Snow avalanche activity remained relatively infrequent until the end of May 2018. Spring snow avalanche activity is characterized by wet and dirty snow avalanches carrying debris to the foot of the slope and by runout zones located near the road along the slope.  
  Programme 1148  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8461  
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Author M. A. Kenworthy, S. N. Mellon, J. I. Bailey, R. Stuik, P. Dorval, G. J. J. Talens, S. R. Crawford, E. E. Mamajek, I. Laginja, M. Ireland, B. Lomberg, R. B. Kuhn, I. Snellen, K. Zwintz, R. Kuschnig, G. M. Kennedy, L. Abe, A. Agabi, D. Mekarnia, T. Guillot, F. Schmider, P. Stee, Y. de Pra, M. Buttu, N. Crouzet, P. Kalas, J. J. Wang, K. Stevenson, E. de Mooij, A.-M. Lagrange, S. Lacour, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, M. Nowak, P. A. Strøm, Z. Hui, L. Wang doi  openurl
  Title The β Pictoris b Hill sphere transit campaign – I. Photometric limits to dust and rings Type Journal
  Year 2021 Publication (up) Astronomy & Astrophysics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 648 Issue Pages A15  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Aims. Photometric monitoring of β Pic in 1981 showed anomalous fluctuations of up to 4% over several days, consistent with foreground material transiting the stellar disk. The subsequent discovery of the gas giant planet β Pic b and the predicted transit of its Hill sphere to within a 0.1 au projected separation of the planet provided an opportunity to search for the transit of a circumplanetary disk (CPD) in this 21 ± 4 Myr-old planetary system. We aim to detect, or put an upper limit on, the density and nature of the material in the circumplanetary environment of the planet via the continuous photometric monitoring of the Hill sphere transit that occurred in 2017 and 2018.Methods. Continuous broadband photometric monitoring of β Pic requires ground-based observatories at multiple longitudes to provide redundancy and to provide triggers for rapid spectroscopic follow-up. These include the dedicated β Pic monitoring bRing observatories in Sutherland and Siding Springs, the ASTEP400 telescope at Concordia, and the space observatories BRITE and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We search the combined light curves for evidence of short-period transient events caused by rings as well as for longer-term photometric variability due to diffuse circumplanetary material.Results. We find no photometric event that matches with the event seen in November 1981, and there is no systematic photometric dimming of the star as a function of the Hill sphere radius.Conclusions. We conclude that the 1981 event was not caused by the transit of a CPD around β Pic b. The upper limit on the long-term variability of β Pic places an upper limit of 1.8 × 1022 g of dust within the Hill sphere (comparable to the ~100 km radius asteroid 16 Psyche). Circumplanetary material is either condensed into a disk that does not transit β Pic, condensed into a disk with moons that has an obliquity that does not intersect with the path of β Pic behind the Hill sphere, or is below our detection threshold. This is the first time that a dedicated international campaign has mapped the Hill sphere transit of an extrasolar gas giant planet at 10 au.  
  Programme 1066  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0004-6361, 1432-0746 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8195  
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