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F. Bultelle, I. Boutet, S. Devin, F. Caza, Y. St-Pierre, R. Péden, P. Brousseau, P. Chan, D. Vaudry, F. Le Foll, M. Fournier, M. Auffret, B. Rocher |
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Title |
Molecular response of a sub-antarctic population of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis) to a moderate thermal stress |
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2021 |
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Marine Environmental Research |
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169 |
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105393 |
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2DE Abiotic stress Biomonitoring Gills Indicator species Kerguelen island Mytilus sp. qRT-PCR Temperature |
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Abstract |
The Kerguelen Islands (49°26′S, 69°50′E) represent a unique environment due to their geographical isolation, which protects them from anthropogenic pollution. The ability of the endemic mussel, part of the Mytilus complex, to cope with moderate heat stress was explored using omic tools. Transcripts involved in six major metabolic functions were selected and the qRT-PCR data indicated mainly changes in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism and stress response. Proteomic comparisons revealed a typical stress response pattern with cytoskeleton modifications and elements suggesting increased energy metabolism. Results also suggest conservation of protein homeostasis by the long-lasting presence of HSP while a general decrease in transcription is observed. The overall findings are consistent with an adaptive response to moderate stresses in mussels in good physiological condition, i.e. living in a low-impact site, and with the literature concerning this model species. Therefore, local blue mussels could be advantageously integrated into biomonitoring strategies, especially in the context of Global Change. |
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409 |
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0141-1136 |
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8256 |
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Pamela E. Michael, Chris Wilcox, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Michael Sumner, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Dynamic enforcement of bycatch via reproductive value can increase theoretical efficiency |
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2021 |
Publication |
Marine Policy |
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132 |
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104684 |
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Albatross Bycatch Dynamic enforcement Dynamic ocean management Monitoring Reproductive value |
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Managing marine systems is challenging, as many marine species are highly mobile. Albatross exemplify this paradigm, overlapping multiple threats at sea, including bycatch. The typical characterization of bycatch, the number of individuals, ignores the long-term, population-wide repercussions of bycatch. Including an estimate of the reproductive value (RV, the loss of future reproductive contributions, given bycatch) is a complementary tool, incorporating the population-wide repercussions of bycatch. While bycatch management via dynamic spatial management allows management boundaries to move, it requires monitoring and enforcement to be effective. We provide a proof of concept to optimize bycatch enforcement activities by dynamically targeting areas of concentrated future productivity characterized by RV. This paper examined a population of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) as a case study. We calculate RV and apply it to at-sea distributions. This creates spatiotemporally explicit surfaces used to prioritize times and locations for bycatch mitigation enforcement. Dynamic enforcement has greater theoretical efficiency than static enforcement, but this difference decreases with increasing population-wide RV subject to enforcement. Though there are implementation challenges, many can be reduced with existing tools providing various opportunities. Incorporating RV when characterizing the impacts of bycatch on a population and strategically applying dynamic bycatch enforcement based on RV can be a powerful, efficient component of dynamic ocean management. |
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109 |
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0308-597X |
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0308-597X |
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8342 |
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Maëlle Connan, Vonica Perold, Ben J. Dilley, Christophe Barbraud, Yves Cherel, Peter G. Ryan |
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The Indian Ocean ‘garbage patch’: Empirical evidence from floating macro-litter |
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2021 |
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Marine pollution bulletin |
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169 |
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112559 |
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At-sea survey Frontal system Garbage patch Plastic litter Southern Indian Ocean |
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Marine litter has become a global issue with ‘garbage patches’ documented in all ocean gyres. The Pacific and Atlantic garbage patches have been well described, but there are few empirical data for the Indian Ocean. In the austral summer 2019–2020, we conducted an at-sea survey of macro-litter in the rarely investigated south-west Indian Ocean. Over 24 days, 1623 man-made items were observed including plastic fragments, packaging and fishing-related items during 216 h of observations covering 5464 km. More than 99% of the litter items were plastics of which almost 60% were white. Floating litter was patchily distributed with only five items (0.2%) recorded south of 40°S (0.1 items·km‐2). Half of the items were encountered over a two-day period south-east of Madagascar (30°S; 59–67°E; 75.2 items·km‐2). Our survey detected an accumulation of litter in the southern Indian Ocean and demonstrated that this area warrants more research. |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0025-326X |
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yes |
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7939 |
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Author |
Van Hanja J |
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Caractérisation des habitats marins benthiques en zones côtières aux Iles Kerguelen par analyse d'images sous-marines |
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Master 1 |
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2021 |
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Master 1 Océanographie, Université de Liège |
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10 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8062 |
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Le Moan E |
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Utilisation de modèles mixtes pour décrire la réponse de l’oursin spatangue Abatus cordatus (Verrill, 1876), espèce endémique des Kerguelen, aux changements environnementaux |
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Master 1 |
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2021 |
Publication |
Master 1 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités |
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15 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8069 |
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Author |
Meudec L. |
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Analyse de la diversité des astéries du Plateau des Kerguelen par approches génétique et morphologique et modélisation des habitats |
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Master 2 |
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2021 |
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Master 2 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités |
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50 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8063 |
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Matthias Macé, Camille Richeval, Liubomira Romanova, Patrice Gérard, Sylvie Duchesne, Catherine Cannet, Irina Boyarskikh, Annie Gérault, Vincent Zvénigorosky, Darya Nikolaeva, Charles Stepanoff, Delphine Allorge, Michele Debrenne, Bertrand Ludes, Anatoly Alexeev, Jean-Michel Gaulier, Eric Crubézy |
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Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) |
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2021 |
Publication |
Medrxiv |
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Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time. |
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1038 |
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yes |
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7952 |
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Author |
Vallas B. |
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Title |
Structuration spatiale et temporelle des colonies de manchots royaux (Aptenodytes patagonicus) |
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2021 |
Publication |
Mémoires de diplôme de l'EPHE en SVT |
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137 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8717 |
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Author |
Jesús A Ballesteros, Emily V W Setton, Carlos E Santibáñez-López, Claudia P Arango, Georg Brenneis, Saskia Brix, Kevin F Corbett, Esperanza Cano-Sánchez, Merai Dandouch, Geoffrey F Dilly, Marc P Eleaume, Guilherme Gainett, Cyril Gallut, Sean McAtee, Lauren McIntyre, Amy L Moran, Randy Moran, Pablo J López-González, Gerhard Scholtz, Clay Williamson, H Arthur Woods, Jakob T Zehms, Ward C Wheeler, Prashant P Sharma |
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Title |
Phylogenomic Resolution of Sea Spider Diversification through Integration of Multiple Data Classes |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Molecular Biology and Evolution |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
686-701 |
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Despite significant advances in invertebrate phylogenomics over the past decade, the higher-level phylogeny of Pycnogonida (sea spiders) remains elusive. Due to the inaccessibility of some small-bodied lineages, few phylogenetic studies have sampled all sea spider families. Previous efforts based on a handful of genes have yielded unstable tree topologies. Here, we inferred the relationships of 89 sea spider species using targeted capture of the mitochondrial genome, 56 conserved exons, 101 ultraconserved elements, and 3 nuclear ribosomal genes. We inferred molecular divergence times by integrating morphological data for fossil species to calibrate 15 nodes in the arthropod tree of life. This integration of data classes resolved the basal topology of sea spiders with high support. The enigmatic family Austrodecidae was resolved as the sister group to the remaining Pycnogonida and the small-bodied family Rhynchothoracidae as the sister group of the robust-bodied family Pycnogonidae. Molecular divergence time estimation recovered a basal divergence of crown group sea spiders in the Ordovician. Comparison of diversification dynamics with other marine invertebrate taxa that originated in the Paleozoic suggests that sea spiders and some crustacean groups exhibit resilience to mass extinction episodes, relative to mollusk and echinoderm lineages. |
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1124 |
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1537-1719 |
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8246 |
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Laurel Kaye, Shreyas Vissapragada, Maximilian N Günther, Suzanne Aigrain, Thomas Mikal-Evans, Eric L N Jensen, Hannu Parviainen, Francisco J Pozuelos, Lyu Abe, Jack S Acton, Abdelkrim Agabi, Douglas R Alves, David R Anderson, David J Armstrong, Khalid Barkaoui, Oscar Barragán, Björn Benneke, Patricia T Boyd, Rafael Brahm, Ivan Bruni, Edward M Bryant, Matthew R Burleigh, Sarah L Casewell, David Ciardi, Ryan Cloutier, Karen A Collins, Kevin I Collins, Dennis M Conti, Ian J M Crossfield, Nicolas Crouzet, Tansu Daylan, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Daniel Fabrycky, Michael Fausnaugh, Gábor Fuűrész, Tianjun Gan, Samuel Gill, Michaël Gillon, Michael R Goad, Varoujan Gorjian, Michael Greklek-McKeon, Natalia Guerrero, Tristan Guillot, Emmanuël Jehin, J S Jenkins, Monika Lendl, Jacob Kamler, Stephen R Kane, John F Kielkopf, Michelle Kunimoto, Wenceslas Marie-Sainte, James McCormac, Djamel Mékarnia, Farisa Y Morales, Maximiliano Moyano, Enric Palle, Vivien Parmentier, Howard M Relles, François-Xavier Schmider, Richard P Schwarz, S Seager, Alexis M S Smith, Thiam-Guan Tan, Jake Taylor, Amaury H M J Triaud, Joseph D Twicken, Stephane Udry, J I Vines, Gavin Wang, Peter J Wheatley, Joshua N Winn |
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Title |
Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270 |
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2021 |
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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510 |
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4 |
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5464-5485 |
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We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ∼10 min and a super-period of ∼3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of $M{\mathrm{b}}=1.48\pm 0.18\, M\oplus$, $M{\mathrm{c}}=6.20\pm 0.31\, M\oplus$, and $M{\mathrm{d}}=4.20\pm 0.16\, M\oplus$ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : eb = 0.0167 ± 0.0084, ec = 0.0044 ± 0.0006, and ed = 0.0066 ± 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization. |
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0035-8711 |
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8413 |
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