| Records |
| Author |
Sarah Albertin, Slimane Bekki, Joël Savarino |
| Title |
Nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) and oxygen isotope anomalies (Δ17O, δ18O) in atmospheric nitrogen dioxide : a new perspective for isotopic constraints on oxidation and aerosols formation processes |
Type |
Communication |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication  |
EGU General Assembly 2021, 10-30 april 2021, Vienna, Austria |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1215 |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
EGU21-2634 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8511 |
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| Author |
Julien Jumelet, Florent Tencé, Alain Sarkissian, Slimane Bekki, Philippe Keckhut |
| Title |
10 years of Polar Stratospheric Clouds lidar measurements at the French antarctic station Dumont d'Urville |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
EGU General Assembly 2021 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
EGU21 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) play a primary role in polar stratospheric ozone depletion processes. Aside from recent improvements in both spaceborne monitoring as well as investigations on microphysics and modeling, there are still caveats on building a comprehensive picture of the PSC particle population, especially considering the fine optical signatures of some particles. In that regard, groundbased instruments provide fine and long term reference measurements that complement the global spaceborne coverage. Operated at the French antarctic station Dumont d’Urville (DDU) in the frame of the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman lidar provides over the years a solid dataset to feed both process and classification studies, by monitoring cloud and aerosol occurrences in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Located on antarctic shore (66°S – 140°E), the station has a privileged access to polar vortex dynamics. Measurements are weather-dependent with a yearly average of 130 nights of monitoring. Expected PSC formation temperatures are used to evaluate the whole PSC season occurrence statistics. We hereby present a consolidated dataset from 10 years of lidar measurements using the 532nm backscatter ratio, the aerosol depolarisation and local atmospheric conditions to help in building an aerosol/cloud classification. Overall, the DDU PSC pattern is very consistent with expected typical temperature controlled thresholds. Supercooled Ternary Solution (STS) particles are the most observed particle type, closely followed by Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT). ICE clouds are more rarely observed. The measurements also feature significant and detailed signatures of various aerosols events having reached the polar antarctic stratosphere, like the Calbuco eruption (2015) or the 2 australian wildfires episodes (2009 and 2019). We aim at refining the identification of those aerosols to include their impact in the scope of the scientific questions studied at DDU. |
| Programme |
209 |
| Campaign |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8725 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mathilde Poirier, Dominique Fauteux, Gilles Gauthier, Florent Domine, Jean-François Lamarre |
| Title |
Snow hardness impacts intranivean locomotion of arctic small mammals |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e03835 |
| Keywords |
Arctic burrowing behavior digging fossorial hardness lemming locomotion rain-on-snow rodent snow subnivean tunnel |
| Abstract |
Fossorial locomotion is often considered as the most energetically costly of all terrestrial locomotion. Small arctic rodents, such as lemmings, dig tunnels not only in the soil but also through the snowpack, which is present for over 8 months of the year. Lemmings typically dig in the softest snow layer called the depth hoar but with climate change, melt-freeze and rain-on-snow (ROS) events are expected to increase in the Arctic, leading to a higher frequency of hardened snowpacks. We assessed the impacts of snow hardness on the locomotion of two lemming species showing different morphological adaptations for digging. We hypothesized that an increase in snow hardness would (1) decrease lemming performance and (2) increase their effort while digging, but those responses would differ between lemming species. We exposed four brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) and three collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) to snow of different hardness (soft, hard, and ROS) during 30-min trials (n = 63 trials) in a cold room and filmed their behavior. We found that the digging speed and tunnel length of both species decreased with snow hardness and density, underlining the critical role of snow properties in affecting lemming digging performance. During the ROS trials, time spent digging by lemmings increased considerably and they also started using their incisors to help break the hard snow, validating our second hypothesis. Overall, digging performance was higher in collared lemmings, the species showing more morphological adaptations to digging, than in brown lemmings. We conclude that the digging performance of lemming is highly dependent on snowpack hardness and that the anticipated increase in ROS events may pose a critical energetic challenge for arctic rodent populations. |
| Programme |
1042 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2150-8925 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8028 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Alain Royer, Florent Domine, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Nicolas Marchand, Gautier Davesne |
| Title |
New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Écoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
1-18 |
| Keywords |
classification de la couverture de neige Gradient latitudinal interactions neige-végétation Latitudinal gradient propriétés de la neige snow cover classification snow–vegetation interaction snowpack properties |
| Abstract |
Changes in mass, extent, duration, and physical properties of snow are key elements for studying associated climate change feedbacks in northern regions. In this study, we analyzed snowpack physical properties along a ‘mega’ transect from 47°N to 83°N (4,000 km) in northeastern Canada, which includes marked transitions between ecozones from boreal forest to subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Our unique dataset of 391 detailed snowpits acquired over the last 20 years, complemented with snow data from weather stations, shows that snowpack properties such as snow water equivalent, snow depth, density, grain size and basal depth hoar fraction (DHF) are strongly linked to vegetation type. Based on these results, we propose an updated classification of snow types in three classes: boreal forest snow (47–58°N), tundra snow (58–74°N) and polar desert snow (74–83°N), which is more appropriate to the study area than the general north hemisphere classification commonly used. We also show that shrub presence along the transect contributes to a significant increase in DHF development which contributes most strongly to the thermal insulation properties of the snowpack. Overall, our analysis suggests that snow–vegetation interactions have a positive feedback effect on warming at northern latitudes. |
| Programme |
1042 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1195-6860 |
ISBN |
1195-6860 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7971 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Natasha Roy, James Woollett, Najat Bhiry, Isabel Lemus-Lauzon, Ann Delwaide, Dominique Marguerie |
| Title |
Anthropogenic and climate impacts on subarctic forests in the Nain region, Nunatsiavut: Dendroecological and historical approaches |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Écoscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
361-376 |
| Keywords |
approches historiques croissance démographique Dendrochronologie Dendrochronology détente de croissance radiale growth release historical approaches Nain Nunatsiavut population growth |
| Abstract |
Several recent dendrochronological, macrofossil and palynological studies have surveyed modern spruce forests at multiple locations in the Nain region of coastal Nunatsiavut (north-central Labrador) in order to reconstruct past forest composition, growth rates, species diversity and harvesting patterns. The present paper synthesizes original and previously collected data to evaluate the extent to which the dynamics of the region’s spruce forests over the past five centuries have been related to anthropogenic impacts. In three key case studies, Picea growth release events demonstrate multiple isolated forest disturbances prior to the late 19th century. In general, these events correspond to the local human settlement history rather than to regional climatic trends, suggesting that ongoing human impacts on the forest extend as far back as the 17th century. Disturbance regimes accelerated by ca 1875 and afterward in all of the study sites. This increase in forest disturbance corresponds to increased demands for wood triggered by socio-economic changes experienced by the region’s Inuit and Settler communities. Ongoing surveys demonstrate the presence of markers of human exploitation of forests throughout the study region, and especially in coastal locations, suggesting that anthropogenic impacts are in fact generalised and not limited to specific areas of recent settlement. |
| Programme |
1080 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1195-6860 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
|
Serial |
8251 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord |
| Title |
Selection against immigrants in wild seabird populations |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
84-93 |
| Keywords |
Dispersal fitness immigrant seabirds sex-biased dispersal |
| Abstract |
Immigration is a major demographic parameter shaping population dynamics and is an important driver of eco-evolutionary patterns, but the fitness consequences for individuals following their settlement to a new population (immigrants) remain poorly tested in wild animal populations, particularly among long-lived species. Here we show that immigrants have a lower fitness than residents in three wild seabird populations (wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides, snow petrel Pagodroma nivea). Across all species and during a 32-year period, immigrants made on average −9 to 29% fewer breeding attempts, had 5–31% fewer fledglings, had 2–16% lower breeding success and produced 6–46% fewer recruits. Female immigration and male residency were also favored through differences in breeding performance. We provide evidence for selection against immigrants in wild populations of long-lived species and our results are consistent with female-biased dispersal in birds being driven by asymmetric limiting resources and the competitive ability of dispersers vs. non-dispersers. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1461-0248 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8418 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Marjorie Roscian, Anthony Herrel, Raphaël Cornette, Arnaud Delapré, Yves Cherel, Isabelle Rouget |
| Title |
Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
7730-7742 |
| Keywords |
3D models cephalopod beaks dry-sensitive material micro-CT scanning micro-photogrammetry underwater photogrammetry |
| Abstract |
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities. We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy. The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10−5 to 10−4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals. This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8092 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Ian Jonsen, Robert Harcourt, Fernando Arce, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
Inter- and intrasex habitat partitioning in the highly dimorphic southern elephant seal |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1620-1633 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic Shelf foraging and diving behavior Kerguelen Plateau mid-year haul out predation risk Southern Ocean |
| Abstract |
Partitioning resources is a key mechanism for avoiding intraspecific competition and maximizing individual energy gain. However, in sexually dimorphic species it is difficult to discern if partitioning is due to competition or the different resource needs of morphologically distinct individuals. In the highly dimorphic southern elephant seal, there are intersexual differences in habitat use; at Iles Kerguelen, males predominantly use shelf waters, while females use deeper oceanic waters. There are equally marked intrasexual differences, with some males using the nearby Kerguelen Plateau, and others using the much more distant Antarctic continental shelf ( 2,000 km away). We used this combination of inter and intrasexual behavior to test two hypotheses regarding habitat partitioning in highly dimorphic species. (a) that intersexual differences in habitat use will not appear until the seals diverge in body size and (b) that some habitats have higher rates of energy return than others. In particular, that the Antarctic shelf would provide higher energy returns than the Kerguelen Shelf, to offset the greater cost of travel. We quantified the habitat use of 187 southern elephant seals (102 adult females and 85 subadult males). The seals in the two groups were the same size ( 2.4 m) removing the confounding effect of body size. We found that the intersexual differences in habitat use existed before the divergence in body size. Also, we found that the amount of energy gained was the same in all of the major habitats. This suggests that the use of shelf habitats by males is innate, and a trade-off between the need to access the large benthic prey available on shelf waters, against the higher risk of predation there. Intrasexual differences in habitat use are another trade-off; although there are fewer predators on the Antarctic shelf, it is subject to considerable interannual fluctuations in sea-ice extent. In contrast, the Kerguelen Plateau presents more consistent foraging opportunities, but contains higher levels of predation. Habitat partitioning in this highly dimorphic species is therefore the result of complex interplay of life history strategies, environmental conditions and predation pressure. |
| Programme |
109,1201 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-7758 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8243 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Camille Moreau, Baptiste Le Bourg, Piotr Balazy, Bruno Danis, Marc Eléaume, Quentin Jossart, Piotr Kuklinski, Gilles Lepoint, Thomas Saucède, Anton Van de Putte, Loïc N. Michel |
| Title |
Trophic markers and biometric measurements in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985–2017) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
103 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e3611 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica Asteroidea benthos biometric measurements Echinodermata elemental contents invertebrates marine ecosystems sea stars Southern Ocean stable isotopes subantarctic Islands |
| Abstract |
Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24,332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N, and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2,456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12 January 1985 and 8 October 2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the data set covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (47.717° S to 86.273° S; 127.767° W to 162.201° E; depth, 6–5,338 m). The data set contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families, and multiple feeding guilds/functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological, and ecological data), this data set can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas. Please cite this data paper in research products derived from the data set, which is freely available without copyright restrictions. |
| Programme |
1044 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1939-9170 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8445 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Maud Quéroué, Christophe Barbraud, Frédéric Barraquand, Daniel Turek, Karine Delord, Nathan Pacoureau, Olivier Gimenez |
| Title |
Multispecies integrated population model reveals bottom-up dynamics in a seabird predator–prey system |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Monographs |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
91 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e01459 |
| Keywords |
Bayesian inference demography environmental variation integrated population model matrix population model Nimble predator–prey interactions |
| Abstract |
Assessing the effects of climate and interspecific relationships on communities is challenging because of the complex interplay between species population dynamics, their interactions, and the need to integrate information across several biological levels (individuals, populations, communities). Usually used to quantify single-species demography, integrated population models (IPMs) have recently been extended to communities. These models allow fitting multispecies matrix models to data from multiple sources while simultaneously accounting for uncertainty in each data source. We used multispecies IPMs accommodating climatic variables to quantify the relative contribution of climate vs. interspecific interactions on demographic parameters, such as survival and breeding success, in the dynamics of a predator–prey system. We considered a stage-structured predator–prey system combining 22 yr of capture–recapture data and population counts of two seabirds, the Brown Skua (Catharacta lönnbergi) and its main prey the Blue Petrel (Halobaena caerulea), both breeding on the Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean. Our results showed that climate and predator–prey interactions drive the demography of skuas and petrels in different ways. The breeding success of skuas appeared to be largely driven by the number of petrels and to a lesser extent by intraspecific density dependence. In contrast, there was no evidence of predation effects on the demographic parameters of petrels, which were affected by oceanographic factors. We conclude that bottom-up mechanisms are the main drivers of this skua–petrel system. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1557-7015 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8210 |
| Permanent link to this record |
