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Author Zambra López-Farrán, Charlène Guillaumot, Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Kurt Paschke, Valérie Dulière, Bruno Danis, Elie Poulin, Thomas Saucède, Jonathan Waters, Karin Gérard
Title Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica? Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 15 Pages 3487-3504
Keywords climate change establishment niche modelling non-native species reptant crab Southern Ocean survival thermotolerance
Abstract The potential for biological colonization of Antarctic shores is an increasingly important topic in the context of anthropogenic warming. Successful Antarctic invasions to date have been recorded exclusively from terrestrial habitats. While non-native marine species such as crabs, mussels and tunicates have already been reported from Antarctic coasts, none have as yet established there. Among the potential marine invaders of Antarctic shallow waters is Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775), a crab with a circum-Subantarctic distribution and substantial larval dispersal capacity. An ovigerous female of this species was found in shallow waters of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands in 2010. A combination of physiological experiments and ecological modelling was used to assess the potential niche of H. planatus and estimate its future southward boundaries under climate change scenarios. We show that H. planatus has a minimum thermal limit of 1°C, and that its current distribution (assessed by sampling and niche modelling) is physiologically restricted to the Subantarctic region. While this species is presently unable to survive in Antarctica, future warming under both ‘strong mitigation’ and ‘no mitigation’ greenhouse gas emission scenarios will favour its niche expansion to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) by 2100. Future human activity also has potential to increase the probability of anthropogenic translocation of this species into Antarctic ecosystems.
Programme 1044
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8005
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Author Samantha C. Patrick, Julien G. A. Martin, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alexandre Corbeau, Henri Weimerskirch
Title Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 19 Pages 4564-4574
Keywords bet-hedging intra-individual variability resource acquisition salt-water immersion logger seabirds Southern Oscillation Index
Abstract The ability of individuals and populations to adapt to a changing climate is a key determinant of population dynamics. While changes in mean behaviour are well studied, changes in trait variance have been largely ignored, despite being assumed to be crucial for adapting to a changing environment. As the ability to acquire resources is essential to both reproduction and survival, changes in behaviours that maximize resource acquisition should be under selection. Here, using foraging trip duration data collected over 7 years on black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, we examined the importance of changes in the mean and variance in foraging behaviour, and the associated effects on fitness, in response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using double hierarchical models, we found no evidence that individuals change their mean foraging trip duration in response to a changing environment, but found strong evidence of changes in variance. Younger birds showed greater variability in foraging trip duration in poor conditions as did birds with higher fitness. However, during brooding, birds showed greater variability in foraging behaviour under good conditions, suggesting that optimal conditions allow the alteration between chick provisioning and self-maintenance trips. We found weak correlations between sea surface temperature and the ENSO, but stronger links with sea-level pressure. We suggest that variability in behavioural traits affecting resource acquisition is under selection and offers a mechanism by which individuals can adapt to a changing climate. Studies which look only at effects on mean behaviour may underestimate the effects of climate change and fail to consider variance in traits as a key evolutionary force.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8257
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Author Daniel C. Jones, Filipe R. Ceia, Eugene Murphy, Karine Delord, Robert W. Furness, Ariane Verdy, Matthew Mazloff, Richard A. Phillips, Paul M. Sagar, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Ben Schreiber, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip J. Underwood, Henri Weimerskirch, José C. Xavier
Title Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 22 Pages 5773-5785
Keywords Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds
Abstract Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8258
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Author Stephanie Jenouvrier, Judy Che-Castaldo, Shaye Wolf, Marika Holland, Sara Labrousse, Michelle LaRue, Barbara Wienecke, Peter Fretwell, Christophe Barbraud, Noah Greenwald, Julienne Stroeve, Philip N. Trathan
Title The call of the emperor penguin: Legal responses to species threatened by climate change Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 27 Issue 20 Pages 5008-5029
Keywords climate risk assessments Endangered Species Act foreseeable future population projections redundancy and representation (3Rs) resiliency sea ice projections species distribution treatment of scientific uncertainty
Abstract Species extinction risk is accelerating due to anthropogenic climate change, making it urgent to protect vulnerable species through legal frameworks in order to facilitate conservation actions that help mitigate risk. Here, we discuss fundamental concepts for assessing climate change risks to species using the example of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri), currently being considered for protection under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). This species forms colonies on Antarctic sea ice, which is projected to significantly decline due to ongoing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We project the dynamics of all known emperor penguin colonies under different GHG emission scenarios using a climate-dependent meta-population model including the effects of extreme climate events based on the observational satellite record of colonies. Assessments for listing species under the ESA require information about how species resiliency, redundancy and representation (3Rs) will be affected by threats within the foreseeable future. Our results show that if sea ice declines at the rate projected by climate models under current energy system trends and policies, the 3Rs would be dramatically reduced and almost all colonies would become quasi-extinct by 2100. We conclude that the species should be listed as threatened under the ESA.
Programme 109
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ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8308
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Author Charles Amory, Christoph Kittel, Louis Le Toumelin, Cécile Agosta, Alison Delhasse, Vincent Favier, Xavier Fettweis
Title Performance of MAR (v3.11) in simulating the drifting-snow climate and surface mass balance of Adélie Land, East Antarctica Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geoscientific Model Development Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 6 Pages 3487-3510
Keywords
Abstract

Abstract. Drifting snow, or the wind-driven transport of snow particles originating from clouds and the surface below and above 2 m above ground and their concurrent sublimation, is a poorly documented process on the Antarctic ice sheet, which is inherently lacking in most climate models. Since drifting snow mostly results from erosion of surface particles, a comprehensive evaluation of this process in climate models requires a concurrent assessment of simulated drifting-snow transport and the surface mass balance (SMB). In this paper a new version of the drifting-snow scheme currently embedded in the regional climate model MAR (v3.11) is extensively described. Several important modifications relative to previous version have been implemented and include notably a parameterization for drifting-snow compaction of the uppermost snowpack layer, differentiated snow density at deposition between precipitation and drifting snow, and a rewrite of the threshold friction velocity above which snow erosion initiates. Model results at high resolution (10 km) over Adélie Land, East Antarctica, for the period 2004–2018 are presented and evaluated against available near-surface meteorological observations at half-hourly resolution and annual SMB estimates. The evaluation demonstrates that MAR resolves the local drifting-snow frequency and transport up to the scale of the drifting-snow event and captures the resulting observed climate and SMB variability, suggesting that this model version can be used for continent-wide applications.

Programme 411
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1991-959X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8428
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Author É Vignon, M.-L. Roussel, I. V. Gorodetskaya, C. Genthon, A. Berne
Title Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal
Volume 48 Issue 8 Pages e2020GL092281
Keywords
Abstract While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of −35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow.
Programme 1013,1143
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Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7935
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Author Ryo Okuwaki, Stephen P. Hicks, Timothy J. Craig, Wenyuan Fan, Saskia Goes, Tim J. Wright, Yuji Yagi
Title Illuminating a Contorted Slab With a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution During the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal
Volume 48 Issue 24 Pages e2021GL095117
Keywords earthquake rupture finite-fault inversion Hikurangi intraslab earthquakes slab geometry source imaging
Abstract The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential buoyancy-driven stress rotation, which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs.
Programme 133
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ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8313
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Author M. Legrand, R. Weller, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain
Title Ammonium in Antarctic Aerosol: Marine Biological Activity Versus Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal
Volume 48 Issue 11 Pages e2021GL092826
Keywords aerosol black carbon ammonium Antarctic biomass burning et marine biota oxalate potassium
Abstract Year-round records of the ionic composition of Antarctic aerosol were obtained at the inland Dome C (DC) and coastal Neumayer (NM) sites, with additional observations of black carbon (BC) at NM. Discussions focus on the origin of ammonium in Antarctica. This first Antarctic atmospheric study of several species emitted by biomass burning (BB) indicates that BC and oxalate reach a maximum in October in relation to BB activity in the southern hemisphere. Ammonium reaches a maximum 2 months later, suggesting that BB remains a minor ammonium source there. The ammonium maximum in December coincides with the occurrence of diatom blooms in the austral ocean, suggesting that oceanic ammonia emissions are the main source of ammonium in Antarctica. The ammonium to sulfur-derived biogenic species molar ratio of 0.15 in summer suggests far lower ammonia emissions from the Antarctic oceans than midlatitude southern oceans.
Programme 903
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8252
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Author Mathieu Casado, Amaelle Landais, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Giuliano Dreossi, Barbara Stenni, Frederic Prié
Title Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal
Volume 48 Issue 17 Pages e2021GL093382
Keywords excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes
Abstract Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation.
Programme 1110
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8306
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Author L A Ermert, K Sager, T Nissen-Meyer, A Fichtner
Title Multifrequency inversion of global ambient seismic sources Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication (down) Geophysical Journal International Abbreviated Journal
Volume 225 Issue 3 Pages 1616-1623
Keywords
Abstract We develop and apply a method to constrain the space- and frequency-dependent location of ambient noise sources. This is based on ambient noise cross-correlation inversion using numerical wavefield simulations, which honour 3-D crustal and mantle structure, ocean loading and finite-frequency effects. In the frequency range from 3 to 20 mHz, our results constrain the global source distribution of the Earth’s hum, averaged over the Southern Hemisphere winter season of 9 yr. During Southern Hemisphere winter, the dominant sources are largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, the most prominent exception being the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc, which is the most active source region between 12 and 20 mHz. Generally, strong hum sources seem to be associated with either coastlines or bathymetric highs. In contrast, deep ocean basins are devoid of hum sources. While being based on the relatively small number of STS-1 broad-band stations that have been recording continuously from 2004 to 2013, our results demonstrate the practical feasibility of a frequency-dependent noise source inversion that accounts for the complexities of 3-D wave propagation. It may thereby improve full-waveform ambient noise inversions and our understanding of the physics of noise generation.
Programme 133
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ISSN 0956-540X ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7992
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