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Title |
Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication  |
Genes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5 |
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Keywords |
gene flow genetic rescue local adaptation mating success small population |
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Abstract |
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8179 |
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Author |
Chiara Papetti, Massimiliano Babbucci, Agnes Dettai, Andrea Basso, Magnus Lucassen, Lars Harms, Celine Bonillo, Franz Maximilian Heindler, Tomaso Patarnello, Enrico Negrisolo |
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Title |
Not Frozen in the Ice: Large and Dynamic Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Antarctic Fish |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Genome Biology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
evab017 |
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Abstract |
The vertebrate mitochondrial genomes generally present a typical gene order. Exceptions are uncommon and important to study the genetic mechanisms of gene order rearrangements and their consequences on phylogenetic output and mitochondrial function. Antarctic notothenioid fish carry some peculiar rearrangements of the mitochondrial gene order. In this first systematic study of 28 species, we analyzed known and undescribed mitochondrial genome rearrangements for a total of eight different gene orders within the notothenioid fish. Our reconstructions suggest that transpositions, duplications, and inversion of multiple genes are the most likely mechanisms of rearrangement in notothenioid mitochondrial genomes. In Trematominae, we documented an extremely rare inversion of a large genomic segment of 5,300?bp that partially affected the gene compositional bias but not the phylogenetic output. The genomic region delimited by nad5 and trnF, close to the area of the Control Region, was identified as the hot spot of variation in Antarctic fish mitochondrial genomes. Analyzing the sequence of several intergenic spacers and mapping the arrangements on a newly generated phylogeny showed that the entire history of the Antarctic notothenioids is characterized by multiple, relatively rapid, events of disruption of the gene order. We hypothesized that a pre-existing genomic flexibility of the ancestor of the Antarctic notothenioids may have generated a precondition for gene order rearrangement, and the pressure of purifying selection could have worked for a rapid restoration of the mitochondrial functionality and compactness after each event of rearrangement. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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1759-6653 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8235 |
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Book |
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Year |
2021 |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
322-393 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1003 |
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978-3-443-11034-5 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8296 |
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Author |
L A Ermert, K Sager, T Nissen-Meyer, A Fichtner |
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Title |
Multifrequency inversion of global ambient seismic sources |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
225 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1616-1623 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7992 |
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Author |
Lucia Gualtieri, Etienne Bachmann, Frederik J Simons, Jeroen Tromp |
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Title |
Generation of secondary microseism Love waves: effects of bathymetry, 3-D structure and source seasonality |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
226 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
192-219 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8016 |
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Title |
Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
e2020GL092281 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of ?35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow. |
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1013,1143 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7935 |
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Author |
Ryo Okuwaki, Stephen P. Hicks, Timothy J. Craig, Wenyuan Fan, Saskia Goes, Tim J. Wright, Yuji Yagi |
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Title |
Illuminating a Contorted Slab With a Complex Intraslab Rupture Evolution During the 2021 Mw 7.3 East Cape, New Zealand Earthquake |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
e2021GL095117 |
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Keywords |
earthquake rupture finite-fault inversion Hikurangi intraslab earthquakes slab geometry source imaging |
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Abstract |
The state-of-stress within subducting oceanic plates controls rupture processes of deep intraslab earthquakes. However, little is known about how the large-scale plate geometry and the stress regime relate to the physical nature of the deep intraslab earthquakes. Here we find, by using globally and locally observed seismic records, that the moment magnitude 7.3 2021 East Cape, New Zealand earthquake was driven by a combination of shallow trench-normal extension and unexpectedly, deep trench-parallel compression. We find multiple rupture episodes comprising a mixture of reverse, strike-slip, and normal faulting. Reverse faulting due to the trench-parallel compression is unexpected given the apparent subduction direction, so we require a differential buoyancy-driven stress rotation, which contorts the slab near the edge of the Hikurangi plateau. Our finding highlights that buoyant features in subducting plates may cause diverse rupture behavior of intraslab earthquakes due to the resulting heterogeneous stress state within slabs. |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8313 |
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Author |
M. Legrand, R. Weller, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain |
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Title |
Ammonium in Antarctic Aerosol: Marine Biological Activity Versus Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e2021GL092826 |
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Keywords |
aerosol black carbon ammonium Antarctic biomass burning et marine biota oxalate potassium |
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Abstract |
Year-round records of the ionic composition of Antarctic aerosol were obtained at the inland Dome C (DC) and coastal Neumayer (NM) sites, with additional observations of black carbon (BC) at NM. Discussions focus on the origin of ammonium in Antarctica. This first Antarctic atmospheric study of several species emitted by biomass burning (BB) indicates that BC and oxalate reach a maximum in October in relation to BB activity in the southern hemisphere. Ammonium reaches a maximum 2 months later, suggesting that BB remains a minor ammonium source there. The ammonium maximum in December coincides with the occurrence of diatom blooms in the austral ocean, suggesting that oceanic ammonia emissions are the main source of ammonium in Antarctica. The ammonium to sulfur-derived biogenic species molar ratio of 0.15 in summer suggests far lower ammonia emissions from the Antarctic oceans than midlatitude southern oceans. |
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Programme |
903 |
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1944-8007 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8252 |
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Title |
Water Isotopic Signature of Surface Snow Metamorphism in Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
e2021GL093382 |
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Keywords |
excess Ice cores metamorhism Paleoclimate water isotopes |
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Abstract |
Water isotope ratios of ice cores are a key source of information on past temperatures. Through fractionation within the hydrological cycle, temperature is imprinted in the water isotopic composition of snowfalls. However, this signal of climatic interest is modified after deposition when snow remains at the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Comparing time series of surface snow isotopic composition at Dome C with satellite observations of surface snow metamorphism, we found that long summer periods without precipitation favor surface snow metamorphism altering the surface snow isotopic composition. Using excess parameters (combining D,17O, and 18O fractions) allow the identification of this alteration caused by sublimation and condensation of surface hoar. The combined measurement of all three isotopic compositions could help identifying ice core sections influenced by snow metamorphism in sites with very low snow accumulation. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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1944-8007 |
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Approved |
yes |
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8306 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3487-3510 |
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Programme |
411 |
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1991-959X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8428 |
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