| Records |
| Author |
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Erbland, J. and Frey, M. M. |
| Title |
Constraining the budget of reactive nitrogen in polar air and snow using stable isotopes in nitrate |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
SCAR, XXXI Open Science Conference |
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1011 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
572 |
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| Author |
Gallet J-C, Domine F, Arnaud L, Picard G, Savarino J, |
| Title |
Vertical profile of the specific surface area and density of the snow at Dome C and on a transect to Dumont D'Urville, Antarctica – albedo calculations and comparison to remote sensing products |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
5 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
631 -649 |
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| Abstract |
The specific surface area (SSA) of snow determines in part the albedo of snow surfaces and the capacity of the snow to adsorb chemical species and catalyze reactions. Despite these crucial roles, almost no value of snow SSA are available for the largest permanent snow expanse on Earth, the Antarctic. We report the first extensive study of vertical profiles of snow SSA near Dome C (DC: 75°06' S, 123°20' E, 3233 m a.s.l.) on the Antarctic plateau, and at seven sites during the logistical traverse between Dome C and the French coastal base Dumont D'Urville (DDU: 66°40' S, 140°01' E) during the Austral summer 2008–2009. We used the DUFISSS system, which measures the IR reflectance of snow at 1310 nm with an integrating sphere. At DC, the mean SSA of the snow in the top 1 cm is 38 m2 kg−1, decreasing monotonically to 14 m2 kg−1 at a depth of 50 cm. Along the traverse, the snow SSA profile is similar to that at DC in the first 600 km from DC. Closer to DDU, the SSA of the top 5 cm is 23 m2 kg−1, decreasing to 19 m2 kg−1 at 50 cm depth. This difference is attributed to wind, which causes a rapid decrease of surface snow SSA, but forms hard windpacks whose SSA decrease more slowly with time. Since light-absorbing impurities are not concentrated enough to affect albedo, the vertical profiles of SSA and density were used to calculate the spectral albedo of the snow for several realistic illumination conditions, using the DISORT radiative transfer model. A preliminary comparison with MODIS data is presented and our calculations and MODIS data show similar trends. |
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1011 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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1994-0424 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
663 |
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| Author |
Frey, M. M., Savarino, J., Morin, S. and Erbland, J. |
| Title |
A chemical fingerprint of surface UV in the 20th century firn record of nitrate stable isotopes at Dome C, East Antarctica |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
EGU general assembly |
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1011 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1338 |
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| Author |
Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Morin, S. and Frey, M. M. |
| Title |
The oxygen isotope anomaly (D17O) of nitrate in the Vostok ice core : insights in possible changes in NOx oxidation pathways over the last 150 000 years |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
EGU general assembly |
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1011 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1341 |
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| Author |
Morin, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M. and Erbland, J. |
| Title |
Atmospheric photochemistry of ozone, nitrogen oxides and nitrate from an isotopic viewpoint |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Abstract |
Invited introductory lecture, XXIVth International |
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1011 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1346 |
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| Author |
Savarino, J., M. M. Frey, J. Erbland, W. Vicars, J.-C. Gallet, and F. Dominé |
| Title |
Overview of the NITEDC (NItrate Evolution in Dome C snow) program and presentation of its preliminary results |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
Air-Ice Chemistry Interactions workshop |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1011 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
3619 |
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| Author |
Morin S, Savarino J, Frey M M, Domine F, Jacobi H-W, Kaleschke L, Martins J M F, |
| Title |
Comprehensive isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the Atlantic Ocean boundary layer from 65S to 79N
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
| Volume |
114 |
Issue |
D5 |
Pages |
D05303 - |
| Keywords |
stable isotopes, atmospheric nitrate, isotope anomaly, 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0454 Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry, 0469 Biogeosciences: Nitrogen cycling, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles, 9325 Geographic Location: Atlantic Ocean, |
| Abstract |
The comprehensive isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate (i.e., the simultaneous measurement of all its stable isotope ratios: 15N/14N, 17O/16O and 18O/16O) has been determined for aerosol samples collected in the marine boundary layer (MBL) over the Atlantic Ocean from 65S (Weddell Sea) to 79N (Svalbard), along a ship-borne latitudinal transect. In nonpolar areas, the δ 15N of nitrate mostly deriving from anthropogenically emitted NO x is found to be significantly different (from 0 to 6‰) from nitrate sampled in locations influenced by natural NO x sources (-4 2)‰. The effects on δ 15N(NO3 -) of different NO x sources and nitrate removal processes associated with its atmospheric transport are discussed. Measurements of the oxygen isotope anomaly (Δ17O = δ 17O – 0.52 δ 18O) of nitrate suggest that nocturnal processes involving the nitrate radical play a major role in terms of NO x sinks. Different Δ17O between aerosol size fractions indicate different proportions between nitrate formation pathways as a function of the size and composition of the particles. Extremely low δ 15N values (down to -40‰) are found in air masses exposed to snow-covered areas, showing that snowpack emissions of NO x from upwind regions can have a significant impact on the local surface budget of reactive nitrogen, in conjunction with interactions with active halogen chemistry. The implications of the results are discussed in light of the potential use of the stable isotopic composition of nitrate to infer atmospherically relevant information from nitrate preserved in ice cores.
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1011 |
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| Publisher |
AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1882 |
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| Author |
Frey M M, Savarino J, Morin S, Erbland J, Martins J M F, |
| Title |
Photolysis imprint in the nitrate stable isotope signal in snow and atmosphere of East Antarctica and implications for reactive nitrogen cycling
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Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
8681 -8696 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The nitrogen (δ15N) and triple oxygen (δ17O and δ18O) isotopic composition of nitrate (NO3−) was measured year-round in the atmosphere and snow pits at Dome C, Antarctica (DC, 75.1° S, 123.3° E), and in surface snow on a transect between DC and the coast. Comparison to the isotopic signal in atmospheric NO3− shows that snow NO3− is significantly enriched in δ15N by >200‰ and depleted in δ18O by <40‰. Post-depositional fractionation in Δ17O(NO3−) is small, potentially allowing reconstruction of past shifts in tropospheric oxidation pathways from ice cores. Assuming a Rayleigh-type process we find fractionation constants ε of −60±15‰, 8±2‰ and 1±1‰, for δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O, respectively. A photolysis model yields an upper limit for the photolytic fractionation constant 15ε of δ15N, consistent with lab and field measurements, and demonstrates a high sensitivity of 15ε to the incident actinic flux spectrum. The photolytic 15ε is process-specific and therefore applies to any snow covered location. Previously published 15ε values are not representative for conditions at the Earth surface, but apply only to the UV lamp used in the reported experiment (Blunier et al., 2005; Jacobi et al., 2006). Depletion of oxygen stable isotopes is attributed to photolysis followed by isotopic exchange with water and hydroxyl radicals. Conversely, 15N enrichment of the NO3− fraction in the snow implies 15N depletion of emissions. Indeed, δ15N in atmospheric NO3− shows a strong decrease from background levels (4±7‰) to −35‰ in spring followed by recovery during summer, consistent with significant snowpack emissions of reactive nitrogen. Field and lab evidence therefore suggest that photolysis is an important process driving fractionation and associated NO3− loss from snow. The Δ17O signature confirms previous coastal measurements that the peak of atmospheric NO3− in spring is of stratospheric origin. After sunrise photolysis drives then redistribution of NO3− from the snowpack photic zone to the atmosphere and a snow surface skin layer, thereby concentrating NO3− at the surface. Little NO3− appears to be exported off the EAIS plateau, still snow emissions from as far as 600 km inland can contribute to the coastal NO3− budget. |
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1011 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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1680-7324 |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1883 |
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| Author |
Savarino, J., and S. Morin
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| Title |
The N, O, S isotopes of oxy-anions in ice core and polar environments |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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edited by M. Baskaran, Springer-Verlag |
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1011 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3623 |
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| Author |
Erbland, J., J. Savarino, S. Morin, and M. M. Frey |
| Title |
Sustained surface nitrate recycling on the Antarctic plateau throughout the last climatic cycle : a stable isotopic view |
Type |
Conference - International - Communication |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
EGU General Assembly |
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1011 |
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yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
3659 |
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