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Author Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev openurl 
  Title Traditsionnye ekologicheskie znaniia [Traditional environmental knowledge], In (Eds) L.I. Missonova,  A.A. Sirina Tunguso-man'chzhurskie narody Sibiri i Dal'nego vostoka: Evenki. Eveny. Negidal'tsy, Uil'ta, Nanaitsy, Ul'chi, Udegeitsy, Oroch, Tazy [The Tungus-Manchu peoples of Siberia and the Far East: Evenki. Even. Neghidal. Uil’ta, Nanai, Ulch, Udhegei, Oroch, Taz. Nanais. Ulchi. Udege. Orochi. Tazy], Coll. Narody i Kultury, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology im. N.N. Miklukho-Maclay Russian Academy of Science. M.: Nauka, 2022. (Peoples and cultures). pp. 459-472. Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Contributions to peer-reviewed edited volumes. In (Eds) L.I. Missonova, A.A. Sirina Tunguso-man'chzhurskie narody Sibiri i Dal'nego vostoka: Evenki. Eveny. Negidal'tsy, Uil'ta, Nanaitsy, Ul'chi, Udegeitsy, Oroch, Tazy [The Tungus-Manchu peoples of Siberia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Narody i Kultury Issue Pages 459-472  
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  Call Number Serial 8687  
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Author Lavrillier A. openurl 
  Title Les peuples de l’Arctique au défi du changement permanent Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Pour la science, Hors série “Notre avenir se joue aux pôles. Climat, biodiversité, niveau des mers...” Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 117 Pages 104-111  
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  Abstract Aux hautes latitudes, s’adapter a toujours été une nécessité pour les populations autochtones. Mais le changement climatique pousse de plus en plus souvent leurs capacités à l’extrême.  
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  Call Number Serial 8688  
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Author Jiadong Zhong, Matej Medvecky, Jérémy Tornos, Augustin Clessin, Hubert Gantelet, Amandine Gamble, Taya L. Forde, Thierry Boulinier doi  openurl
  Title Genomic characterisation of a novel species of Erysipelothrix associated with mortalities among endangered seabirds Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Biorxive Abbreviated Journal  
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  Abstract Infectious diseases threaten endangered species, particularly in small isolated populations. Seabird populations on the remote Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean have been in decline for the past three decades, with avian cholera caused by Pasteurella multocida proposed as the primary driver. However, Erysipelothrix spp. has also been sporadically detected from albatrosses on Amsterdam Island and may be contributing to some of the observed mortality. In this study, we genomically characterised 16 Erysipelothrix spp. isolates obtained from three Indian yellow-nosed albatross chick carcasses in 2019. Two isolates were sequenced using both Illumina short-read and MinION long-read approaches, which – following hybrid assembly – resulted in closed circular genomes. Mapping of Illumina reads from the remaining isolates to one of these new reference genomes revealed that all 16 isolates were closely related, with a maximum of 13 nucleotide differences distinguishing any pair of isolates. The nucleotide diversity of isolates obtained from the same or different carcasses was similar, suggesting all three chicks were likely infected from a common source. These genomes were compared with a global collection of genomes from E. rhusiopathiae and other species from the same genus. The isolates from albatrosses were phylogenetically distinct, sharing a most recent common ancestor with E. rhusiopathiae. Based on phylogenomic analysis and standard thresholds for average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation, these isolates represent a novel Erysipelothrix species, for which we propose the name Erysipelothrix amsterdamensis sp. nov. The type strain is E. amsterdamensis A18Y020dT. The implications of this bacterium for albatross conservation will require further study.  
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  Call Number Serial 8366  
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Author Meagan Dewar, Michelle Wille, Amandine Gamble, Ralph Vanstreels, Thierry Boulinier, Adrian Smith, Arvind Varsani, Norman Ratcliffe, Jennifer Black, Amanda Lynnes doi  openurl
  Title The Risk of Avian Influenza in the Southern Ocean: A practical guide Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Ecoevorxiv preprints Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Antarctica, Avian Influenza, Infectious disease, Seabirds, sub-Antarctic  
  Abstract Advice from Avian Influenza experts suggests that there is a high risk that Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza will arrive in the Southern Ocean 2022/23-2024/25 austral summers. Since the beginning of 2022, the increasing intensity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks has resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of seabirds in the Northern Hemisphere, around the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and southern Africa. The SCAR Antarctic Wildlife Health Working Group (AWHWG) is highly concerned about the likely arrival and subsequent impact HPAI H5N1 might have on Southern Ocean wildlife. Due to the heightened risk of HPAI being introduced to Antarctica during the the 2022/23 Austral summer by migrating seabirds, the AWHWG recommends that: People working with or close to wildlife should assume that HPAI will arrive in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica and take precautions to protect themselves when working around wildlife (including appropriate PPE) and maintain the highest biosecurity to prevent transmission between wildlife aggregations. All National Programmes (NPs) and tourism operators should monitor colonies for signs of H5N1 before approaching, especially in migratory species such as skuas, gulls and giant petrels. Tourists should not enter colonies and high wildlife density areas with suspected HPAI and NPs should conduct risk analysis as to which activities need to continue. A more detailed protocol on how to assess wildlife aggregations for HPAI prior to a visit and what to do if HPAI is detected should be provided to all stakeholders physically present in Antarctica this season. If you detect signs of HPAI, you should report this to your permit issuer. Videos of affected animals are very helpful for experts to help determine whether or not this is HPAI. Operators should refresh themselves with and review all biosecurity and any response guidelines to unusual/mass mortality events. This document aims to: Outline the likely risk to Southern Ocean taxa (a more technical assessment will follow in a separate document). Suggest which risks can be mitigated in light of human activity, transmission into and out of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic regions through all operators as well as movements between sites within the Southern Ocean (primarily for science and tourism), Start discussion with National Programmes about ongoing monitoring for disease and consequences.  
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Author Maxime Pineaux, Thomas Merkling, Etienne Danchin, Scott A Hatch, Sarah Leclaire, Pierrick Blanchard doi  openurl
  Title MHC-II distance between parents predicts sex allocation decisions in a genetically monogamous bird Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Behavioral Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 245-251  
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  Abstract Theory predicts that parental heritable characteristics should shape sex allocation decisions when their effects on reproduction or survival are offspring sex-dependent. Numerous studies have questioned to what extent characteristics displayed by one of the parents matched theoretical expectations. This contrasts with the handful of studies that investigated whether compatibility between parents could also trigger selective pressures for sex allocation adjustments. We studied the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla), where previous data revealed that female chicks suffered higher fitness costs from low diversity at genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) than male chicks. We predicted, and found in our dataset, that MHC-similar parents, producing low MHC-diverse offspring, should avoid the production of females. The relation between MHC-distance between parents (i.e. the functional distinctness of their MHC alleles) and offspring sex was not linear, such that MHC-dissimilar parents also overproduced sons. Overall, our results suggest that the genetically monogamous black-legged kittiwake parents flexibly adapt their reproduction and circumvent the costs of suboptimal pairing by manipulating offspring sex.  
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  ISSN 1465-7279 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8390  
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Author Yanzhi Cao, Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Jihong Cole-Dai, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng doi  openurl
  Title On the potential fingerprint of the Antarctic ozone hole in ice-core nitrate isotopes: a case study based on a South Pole ice core Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Atmospheric chemistry and physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue 20 Pages 13407-13422  
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Abstract. Column ozone variability has important implications for surface photochemistry and the climate. Ice-core nitrate isotopes are suspected to be influenced by column ozone variability and δ15N(NO3-) has been sought to serve as a proxy of column ozone variability. In this study, we examined the ability of ice-core nitrate isotopes to reflect column ozone variability by measuring δ15N(NO3-) and Δ17O(NO3-) in a shallow ice core drilled at the South Pole. The ice core covers the period 1944–2005, and during this period δ15N(NO3-) showed large annual variability ((59.2 ± 29.3) ‰ ), but with no apparent response to the Antarctic ozone hole. Utilizing a snow photochemical model, we estimated 6.9 ‰ additional enrichments in δ15N(NO3-) could be caused by the development of the ozone hole. Nevertheless, this enrichment is small and masked by the effects of the snow accumulation rate at the South Pole over the same period of the ozone hole. The Δ17O(NO3-) record has displayed a decreasing trend by 3.4 ‰ since 1976. This magnitude of change cannot be caused by enhanced post-depositional processing related to the ozone hole. Instead, the Δ17O(NO3-) decrease was more likely due to the proposed decreases in the O3 / HOx ratio in the extratropical Southern Hemisphere. Our results suggest ice-core δ15N(NO3-) is more sensitive to snow accumulation rate than to column ozone, but at sites with a relatively constant snow accumulation rate, information of column ozone variability embedded in δ15N(NO3-) should be retrievable.

 
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  Call Number Serial 8455  
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Author Pete D. Akers, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Caillon, Olivier Magand, Emmanuel Le Meur doi  openurl
  Title Photolytic modification of seasonal nitrate isotope cycles in East Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue 24 Pages 15637-15657  
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  Abstract Nitrate in Antarctic snow has seasonal cycles in nitrogen and oxygen isotopic ratios that reflect its sources and atmospheric formation processes, and as a result, nitrate archived in Antarctic ice should have great potential to record atmospheric chemistry changes over thousands of years. However, sunlight that strikes the snow surface results in photolytic nitrate loss and isotopic fractionation that can completely obscure the nitrate's original isotopic values. To gain insight into how photolysis overwrites the seasonal atmospheric cycles, we collected 244 snow samples along an 850 km transect of East Antarctica during the 2013–2014 CHICTABA traverse. The CHICTABA route's limited elevation change, consistent distance between the coast and the high interior plateau, and intermediate accumulation rates offered a gentle environmental gradient ideal for studying the competing pre- and post-depositional influences on archived nitrate isotopes. We find that nitrate isotopes in snow along the transect are indeed notably modified by photolysis after deposition, and drier sites have more intense photolytic impacts. Still, an imprint of the original seasonal cycles of atmospheric nitrate isotopes is present in the top 1–2 m of the snowpack and likely preserved through archiving in glacial ice at these sites. Despite this preservation, reconstructing past atmospheric values from archived nitrate in similar transitional regions will remain a difficult challenge without having an independent proxy for photolytic loss to correct for post-depositional isotopic changes. Nevertheless, nitrate isotopes should function as a proxy for snow accumulation rate in such regions if multiple years of deposition are aggregated to remove the seasonal cycles, and this application can prove highly valuable in its own right.  
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  Call Number Serial 8583  
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Author Albane Barbero, Roberto Grilli, Markus M. Frey, Camille Blouzon, Detlev Helmig, Nicolas Caillon, Joël Savarino doi  openurl
  Title Summer variability of the atmospheric NO2 :  NO ratio at Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 22 Issue 18 Pages 12025-12054  
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  Abstract Previous Antarctic summer campaigns have shown unexpectedly high levels of oxidants in the lower atmosphere of the continental plateau and at coastal regions, with atmospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations up to 4 × 106 cm−3. Such high reactivity in the summer Antarctic boundary layer results in part from the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) produced during photo-denitrification of the snowpack, but its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood, as some of the chemical species involved (NO2, in particular) have not yet been measured directly and accurately. To overcome this crucial lack of information, newly developed optical instruments based on absorption spectroscopy (incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy, IBBCEAS) were deployed for the first time at Dome C (−75.10 lat., 123.33 long., 3233 m a.s.l.) during the 2019–2020 summer campaign to investigate snow–air–radiation interaction. These instruments directly measure NO2 with a detection limit of 30 pptv (parts per trillion by volume or 10−12 mol mol−1) (3σ). We performed two sets of measurements in December 2019 (4 to 9) and January 2020 (16 to 25) to capture the early and late photolytic season, respectively. Late in the season, the daily averaged NO2:NO​​​​​​​ ratio of 0.4 ± 0.4 matches that expected for photochemical equilibrium through Leighton's extended relationship involving ROx (0.6 ± 0.3). In December, however, we observed a daily averaged NO2:NO ratio of 1.3 ± 1.1, which is approximately twice the daily ratio of 0.7 ± 0.4 calculated for the Leighton equilibrium. This suggests that more NO2 is produced from the snowpack early in the photolytic season (4 to 9 December), possibly due to stronger UV irradiance caused by a smaller solar zenith angle near the solstice. Such a high sensitivity of the NO2:NO ratio to the sun's position is of importance for consideration in atmospheric chemistry models.  
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  Call Number Serial 8591  
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Author Pete D. Akers, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Caillon, Aymeric P. M. Servettaz, Emmanuel Le Meur, Olivier Magand, Jean Martins, Cécile Agosta, Peter Crockford, Kanon Kobayashi, Shohei Hattori, Mark Curran, Tas van Ommen, Lenneke Jong, Jason L. Roberts doi  openurl
  Title Sunlight-driven nitrate loss records Antarctic surface mass balance Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 4274  
  Keywords Cryospheric science Environmental chemistry Palaeoclimate  
  Abstract Standard proxies for reconstructing surface mass balance (SMB) in Antarctic ice cores are often inaccurate or coarsely resolved when applied to more complicated environments away from dome summits. Here, we propose an alternative SMB proxy based on photolytic fractionation of nitrogen isotopes in nitrate observed at 114 sites throughout East Antarctica. Applying this proxy approach to nitrate in a shallow core drilled at a moderate SMB site (Aurora Basin North), we reconstruct 700 years of SMB changes that agree well with changes estimated from ice core density and upstream surface topography. For the under-sampled transition zones between dome summits and the coast, we show that this proxy can provide past and present SMB values that reflect the immediate local environment and are derived independently from existing techniques.  
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  ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN Medium  
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  Call Number Serial 8592  
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Author Ryan R. Reisinger, Cassandra M. Brooks, Ben Raymond, Jennifer J. Freer, Cédric Cotté, José C. Xavier, Philip N. Trathan, Horst Bornemann, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Daniel P. Costa, Bruno Danis, Luis Hückstädt, Ian D. Jonsen, Mary-Anne Lea, Leigh Torres, Anton Van de Putte, Simon Wotherspoon, Ari S. Friedlaender, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Mark Hindell doi  openurl
  Title Predator-derived bioregions in the Southern Ocean: Characteristics, drivers and representation in marine protected areas Type Journal
  Year 2022 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 272 Issue Pages 109630  
  Keywords Antarctica Biogeography Conservation Management MPA Subantarctic  
  Abstract Multiple initiatives have called for large-scale representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs should be ecologically representative to be effective, but in large, remote regions this can be difficult to quantify and assess. We present a novel bioregionalization for the Southern Ocean, which uses the modelled circumpolar habitat importance of 17 marine bird and mammal species. The habitat-use of these predators indicates biodiversity patterns that require representation in Southern Ocean conservation and management planning. In the predator habitat importance predictions, we identified 17 statistical clusters, falling into four larger groups. We characterized and contrasted these clusters based on their predator, prey and oceanographic characteristics. Under the existing Southern Ocean MPA network, some clusters fall short of 10 % representation, yet others meet or exceed these targets. Implementation of currently proposed MPAs can in some cases contribute to meeting even 30 % spatial coverage conservation targets. However, the effectiveness of mixed-use versus no-take MPAs should be taken into consideration, since some clusters are not adequately represented by no-take MPAs. These results, combined with previous studies in the Southern Ocean, can help inform the continued design, implementation, and evaluation of a representative system of MPAs for Southern Ocean conservation and management.  
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  ISSN 0006-3207 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8584  
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