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Author |
Priyadarshi, A.; Dominguez, G.; Savarino, J.; Thiemens, M. |
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Title |
Cosmogenic 35S: A unique tracer to Antarctic atmospheric chemistry and the polar vortex |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geophys. Res. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
L13808 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica; cosmogenic radionuclide; stratosphere-troposphere mixing; 3307 Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes; 3362 Atmospheric Processes: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions; 3363 Atmospheric Processes: Stratospheric dynamics |
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Abstract |
The cosmogenic radionuclide 35S (half life ?87 d) exists in both 35SO2 gas and 35SO42? aerosol phase in the atmosphere. Cosmogenic 35S fulfils a unique niche in that it has an ideal half-life for use as a tracer of atmospheric processes, possesses a gas phase precursor and undergoes gas to particle conversion, providing a chronometer that complements other measurements of radiogenic isotopes of different half lives and chemical properties. Based on radiogenic 35S measurements and concomitant model calculations, we demonstrate that 35S is a unique tracer to understand stratospheric-tropospheric air mass transport dynamics and the atmospheric oxidation capacity on a short time scale. Reported are the first measurements of 35S contained in SO42? aerosols (bulk and size aggregated) at Antarctica. 35SO42? concentrations at Dome C and Dumont D'Urville exhibit summer maxima and winter minima with a secondary winter peak. Higher oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and long range transport of mid latitude air increases 35SO42? activity in summer whereas a lack of air mass mixing coupled with low oxidant concentration in winter significantly decreases 35SO42? activity. A 3% contribution from stratospheric 35SO42? into the free troposphere during stratosphere-troposphere air mass mixing accounts for the secondary winter 35SO42? peak. In the future, this work will be extended to 35S activity measurements of both gas and aerosol phases to further understand gas to particle conversion, vortex dynamics and trace polar stratospheric cloud sedimentation frequency. |
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AGU |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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6064 |
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Author |
Morin, S.; Marion, G.M.; von Glasow, R.; Voisin, D.; Bouchez, J.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
Precipitation of salts in freezing seawater and ozone depletion events: a status report |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
7317-7324 |
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1011 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5512 |
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Author |
Morin, S.; Savarino, J.; Frey, M.M.; Yan, N.; Bekki, S.; Bottenheim, J.W.; Martins, J.M.F. |
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Title |
Tracing the Origin and Fate of NOx in the Arctic Atmosphere Using Stable Isotopes in Nitrate |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
322 |
Issue |
5902 |
Pages |
730-732 |
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Abstract |
Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx =NO+ NO2) play a pivotal role in the cycling of reactive nitrogen (ultimately deposited as nitrate) and the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Combined measurements of nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of nitrate collected in the Arctic atmosphere were used to infer the origin and fate of NOx and nitrate on a seasonal basis. In spring, photochemically driven emissions of reactive nitrogen from the snowpack into the atmosphere make local oxidation of NOx by bromine oxide the major contributor to the nitrate budget. The comprehensive isotopic composition of nitrate provides strong constraints on the relative importance of the key atmospheric oxidants in the present atmosphere, with the potential for extension into the past using ice cores. |
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1011 |
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0036-8075 |
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Notes |
10.1126/science.1161910 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5513 |
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Author |
Alexander, B.; Savarino, J.; Kreutz, K.J.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Impact of preindustrial biomass-burning emissions on the oxidation pathways of tropospheric sulfur and nitrogen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
109 |
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Pages |
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Abstract |
Ice core measurements (H2O2 and CH4/HCHO) and modeling studies indicate a change in the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution due to increases in fossil fuel burning emissions [e.g., Lelieveld et al., 2002; Hauglustaine and Brasseur, 2001; Wang and Jacob, 1998; Staffelbach et al., 1991]. The mass-independent fractionation (MIF) in the oxygen isotopes of sulfate and nitrate from a Greenland ice core reveal that biomass-burning events in North America just prior to the Industrial Revolution significantly impacted the oxidation pathways of sulfur and nitrogen species deposited in Greenland ice. This finding highlights the importance of biomass-burning emissions for atmospheric chemistry in preindustrial North America and warrants the inclusion of this impact in modeling studies estimating changes in atmospheric oxidant chemistry since the Industrial Revolution, particularly when using paleo-oxidant data as a reference for model evaluation. |
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1011 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5555 |
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Author |
Baroni, Mlanie; Savarino, Jol; Cole-Dai, J.; Rai, V.K.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Anomalous sulfur isotope compositions of volcanic sulfate over the last millennium in Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
D20 |
Pages |
D20112 |
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Keywords |
sulfur isotope anomaly; volcanic eruption; ice cores; 0370 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Volcanic effects; 0454 Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry; 0473 Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography; 0724 Cryosphere: Ice cores; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry |
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Abstract |
The reconstruction of past volcanism from glaciological archives is based on the measurement of sulfate concentrations in ice. This method does not allow a proper evaluation of the climatic impact of an eruption owing to the uncertainty in classifying an event between stratospheric or tropospheric. This work develops a new method, using anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in order to identify stratospheric eruptions over the last millennium. The advantages and limits of this new method are established with the examination of the 10 largest volcanic signals in ice cores from Dome C and South Pole, Antarctica. Of the 10, seven are identified as stratospheric eruptions. Among them, three have been known to be stratospheric (Tambora, Kuwae, the 1259 Unknown Event) and they exhibit anomalous sulfur isotope compositions. Three unknown events (circa 1277, 1230, 1170 A.D.) and the Serua eruption have been identified as stratospheric eruptions, which suggests for the first time that they could have had significant climatic impact. However, the Kuwae and the 1259 Unknown Event stratospheric eruptions exhibit different anomalous sulfur isotope compositions between South Pole and Dome C samples. Differences in sulfate deposition and preservation patterns between the two sites can help explain these discrepancies. This study shows that the presence of an anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in ice core indicates a stratospheric eruption, but the absence of such composition does not necessarily lead to the conclusion of a tropospheric process because of differences in the sulfate deposition on the ice sheet. |
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1011 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6048 |
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Author |
Melanie Baroni, Joel Savarino, Jihong Cole-Dai, Vinai K. Rai and Mark H. Thiemens |
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Title |
Anomalous sulfur isotope compositions of volcanic sulfate over the last millennium in Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D20112 |
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1011 |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5827 |
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Author |
Frey, M. M., J. Savarino, S. Morin, and J. Erbland |
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Title |
A chemical fingerprint of surface UV in the 20th century firn record of nitrate stable isotopes at Dome C, East Antarctica, |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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2009 |
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EGU General Assembly, poster, Abstract EGU2009-8637 |
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1011 |
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yes |
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5851 |
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Author |
Morin, S., J. Savarino, M. M. Frey, and J. Erbland |
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Title |
Atmospheric photochemistry of ozone, nitrogen oxides and nitrate from an isotopic viewpoint |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2009 |
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Invited introductory lecture |
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XXIVth International Conference on Photochemistry, |
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1011 |
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5852 |
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Savarino, J., Morin, S., Erbland, J., Frey, M. M. and Jacobi, H. -W. |
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Title |
Polar snowpack photochemical NOx outgassing as revealed by stable isotopes in nitrate |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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Year |
2010 |
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Volume |
IPY Oslo Science Conference |
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1011 |
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yes |
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557 |
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Frey, M. M., Brough, N., France, J. L., King, M. D., Erbland, J., Savarino, J., Anderson, P. S., Jones, A. E. and Wolff, E. W. |
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Title |
Chemical exchanges between snow, ice, atmosphere and ocean in Polar Regions |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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Year |
2010 |
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IPY Oslo Science Conference |
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1011 |
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563 |
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