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Author |
Gauthier Magne |
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Title |
Comparaison de trajectoires de croissance entre deux populations de truites de Kerguelen |
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Master 1 |
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2018 |
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1041 |
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8514 |
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Author |
Valentin Santanbien |
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Title |
Comparaison de trajectoires de croissance entre deux populations de truites de Kerguelen |
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Master 2 |
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Year |
2019 |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8515 |
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Author |
Matthias Vignon, Mingsha Zhou, Angus R. McIntosh, Cristian Correa, Peter A. H. Westley, Lisa Jacquin, Jacques Labonne, Andrew P. Hendry |
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Title |
Trait variation in a successful global invader: a large-scale analysis of morphological variance and integration in the brown trout |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1659-1677 |
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Keywords |
Invasion Morphological integration Phenotypic variation Population size |
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Abstract |
In ecology and evolution, the small population paradigm posits that reduced genetic variation will result in limited phenotypic variation that, in turn, will affect population resilience and potential for adaptation. Over the last decade though, such a paradigm has been questioned, with evidence that mechanisms independent of genetic variation may be also important in shaping phenotypic variation. However, there are few large-scale empirical examples, especially from aquatic ecosystems. Using the large-scale natural experiment afforded by the global invasion of brown trout (Salmo trutta), we quantify standing phenotypic variation in morphology among different introduced ranges, relative to the native range. By using shape variation and morphological integration as indicators of phenotypic variation, we show that neither founding population size nor time since founding (i.e., effect of selection regime) are correlated to the amount of morphological variation, contrarily to common expectations. Beyond founding population size and time since founding, the amount of morphological variation is mostly controlled by factors at the population level rather than at the region level, and is not lower in invaded regions compared to the native range. These results suggest that the dynamics of phenotypic variation may be largely independent of population size and mostly determined by site-specific patterns of selection. |
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1041 |
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1573-1464 |
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yes |
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8649 |
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Title |
How the insulating properties of snow affect soil carbon distribution in the continental pan-Arctic area
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
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117 |
Issue |
G2 |
Pages |
G02020- |
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Keywords |
Arctic, land-surface model, permafrost, snow, snow insulation, soil carbon, 0414 Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling, 0475 Permafrost, cryosphere, and high-latitude processes, 1622 Earth system modeling, |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate the effect of an ecosystem differentiated insulation by snow on the soil thermal regime and on the terrestrial soil carbon distribution in the pan-Arctic area. This is done by means of a sensitivity study performed with the land surface model ORCHIDEE, which furthermore provides a first quantification of this effect. Based on field campaigns reporting higher thermal conductivities and densities for the tundra snowpack than for taiga snow, two distributions of near-equilibrium soil carbon stocks are computed, one relying on uniform snow thermal properties and the other using ecosystem-differentiated snow thermal properties. Those modeled distributions strongly depend on soil temperature through decomposition processes. Considering higher insulation by snow in taiga areas induces warmer soil temperatures by up to 12 K in winter at 50 cm depth. This warmer soil signal persists over summer with a temperature difference of up to 4 K at 50 cm depth, especially in areas exhibiting a thick, enduring snow cover. These thermal changes have implications on the modeled soil carbon stocks, which are reduced by 8% in the pan-Arctic continental area when the vegetation-induced variations of snow thermal properties are accounted for. This is the result of diverse and spatially heterogeneous ecosystem processes: where higher soil temperatures lift nitrogen limitation on plant productivity, tree plant functional types thrive whereas light limitation and enhanced water stress are the new constrains on lower vegetation, resulting in a reduced net productivity at the pan-Arctic scale. Concomitantly, higher soil temperatures yield increased respiration rates (+22% over the study area) and result in reduced permafrost extent and deeper active layers which expose greater volumes of soil to microbial decomposition. The three effects combine to produce lower soil carbon stocks in the pan-Arctic terrestrial area. Our study highlights the role of snow in combination with vegetation in shaping the distribution of soil carbon and permafrost at high latitudes.
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1042 |
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ISSN |
2156-2202 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4154 |
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Author |
Carmagnola C M, Morin S, Lafaysse M, Domine F, Lesaffre B, Lejeune Y, Picard G, Arnaud L, |
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Title |
Implementation and evaluation of prognostic representations of the optical diameter of snow in the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus detailed snowpack model
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
417-437 |
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Abstract |
In the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus multi-layer snowpack model, the snow microstructure has up to now been characterised by the grain size and by semi-empirical shape variables which cannot be measured easily in the field or linked to other relevant snow properties. In this work we introduce a new formulation of snow metamorphism directly based on equations describing the rate of change of the optical diameter (dopt). This variable is considered here to be equal to the equivalent sphere optical diameter, which is inversely proportional to the specific surface area (SSA). dopt thus represents quantitatively some of the geometric characteristics of a porous medium. Different prognostic rate equations of dopt, including a re-formulation of the original Crocus scheme and the parameterisations from Taillandier et al. (2007) and Flanner and Zender (2006), were evaluated by comparing their predictions to field measurements carried out at Summit Camp (Greenland) in May and June 2011 and at Col de Porte (French Alps) during the 2009/10 and 2011/12 winter seasons. We focused especially on results in terms of SSA. In addition, we tested the impact of the different formulations on the simulated density profile, the total snow height, the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the surface albedo. Results indicate that all formulations perform well, with median values of the RMSD between measured and simulated SSA lower than 10 m2 kg-1. Incorporating the optical diameter as a fully fledged prognostic variable is an important step forward in the quantitative description of the snow microstructure within snowpack models, because it opens the way to data assimilation of various electromagnetic observations. |
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1042 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1994-0424 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5199 |
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Author |
Domine F, Barrere M, Sarrazin D, Morin S, Arnaud L, |
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Title |
Automatic monitoring of the effective thermal conductivity of snow in a low-Arctic shrub tundra
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1265-1276 |
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1042 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6116 |
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Author |
Bruno-Charles Busseau, Alain Royer, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Florent Domine |
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Title |
Analysis of snow-vegetation interactions in the low Arctic-Subarctic transition zone (northeastern Canada) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physical Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-175 |
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Keywords |
Normalized Difference Snow Index north-eastern Canada snow depth Snow remote sensing snowmelt trapping effect |
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Programme |
1042 |
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0272-3646 |
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0272-3646 |
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yes |
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6904 |
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Author |
F. Domine, M. Barrere, S. Morin |
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Title |
The growth of shrubs on high Arctic tundra at Bylot Island: impact on snow physical properties and permafrost thermal regime |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
6471-6486 |
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1042 |
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1726-4189 |
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1726-4189 |
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6906 |
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Author |
F. Domine, M. Barrere, D. Sarrazin |
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Title |
Seasonal evolution of the effective thermal conductivity of the snow and the soil in high Arctic herb tundra at Bylot Island, Canada |
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Journal |
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2016 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2573-2588 |
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1042 |
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1994-0424 |
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1994-0424 |
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yes |
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6907 |
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Author |
Mathieu Barrere, Florent Domine, Bertrand Decharme, Samuel Morin, Vincent Vionnet, Matthieu Lafaysse |
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Journal |
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2017 |
Publication |
Geoscientific Model Development |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3461-3479 |
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1042 |
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1991-959X |
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1991-959X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7335 |
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