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Labonne, J., Zhou, M., Manicki, A., Kaeuffer, R., Gueraud, F., Hendry, A. |
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Consanguinité et sélection sur l'homozygotie chez la truite aux Iles Kerguelen. |
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2014 |
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Colloque de lancement du GdR ‘INVASIONS BIOLOGIQUES’, Rennes, FRA (2014-10-20 – 2014-10-22) |
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1041 |
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5893 |
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Philippe Gaudin · Jan Grimsrud Davidsen · Jean-Christophe Aymes · Jacques Rives · François Guéraud · Xavier Bordeleau · Glenn Crossin · Frederick G. Whoriskey
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Exploration and colonization of the pristine rivers of Kerguelen by introduced brown trout. |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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2015 |
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3rd International Conference on Fish Telemetry, Halifax, Canada; 06/2015 |
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1041 |
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6141 |
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Gaudin P,Davidsen Jg,Aymes Jc,Rives J,Guéraud F,Bordeleau X,Crossin G,Whoriskey Fg |
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Exploration and colonization of the pristine rivers of Kerguelen by introduced brown trout. Communication affichée, Résumé. 3rd International Conference on Fish Telemetry, Halifax, Canada, 12-17 July 2015 |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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2015 |
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1041 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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6334 |
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Jacques Labonne, Renaud Kaeuffer, François Guéraud,Mingsha Zhou, Aurélie Manicki and Andrew P. Hendry |
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Title |
From the bare minimum: genetics and selection in populations founded by only a few parents |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH |
Abbreviated Journal |
1522-0613 |
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17 |
Pages |
21-34 |
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Question: Genetic variation is expected to control the fate of populations colonizing newenvironments, because the amount and nature of this variation influences adaptation. Thus, it isgenerally expected that the ability of populations to colonize new environments is severelycompromised if the number of founding individuals is very few.Organisms: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) are native to the northern hemisphere, but have beenwidely introduced globally, including into the southern hemisphere.Times and places: We analysed two isolated populations of brown trout introduced in 1993 tothe remote Kerguelen Islands in the sub-Antarctic region, each population being founded withthe offspring of only a single mother, and with either only one or two fathers.Methods: Scale samples were collected in 2003 and 2010 and analysed using a set of 16microsatellite markers. These data were used to calculate individual homozygosity level andvariance in inbreeding. The association between age (estimated through scale reading) andhomozygosity level was used to assess the potential consequences of low genetic variation forindividual survival.Results: The two populations represented different outcomes. In one population, variance ininbreeding was high and a clear heterozygosity–fitness correlation (HFC) was evident: olderindividuals were less homozygous than younger individuals. Consistent with these results,homozygosity level in this population decreased from 2003 to 2010. In the other population,variance in inbreeding was low, no consistent HFC was detected, and no decline in homozygositylevel was evident from 2003 to 2010. Low genetic variation and severe initialbottlenecks through founding effects did not prevent the establishment and success of thesepopulations, one of which appears to be actively purging inbred individuals.Keywords: genetic variation, heterozygosity, inbreeding, invasion, small population.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was funded by the French Polar Institute (IPEV) and Institut national de la rechercheagronomique (INRA). Full logistic support was provided by IPEV. We thank the many people thathelped us during field sampling in the Kerguelen Islands. |
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1041 |
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1522-0613 |
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6404 |
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Eduardo Dopico & Eva Garcia-Vazquez |
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Title |
Outreach channels for polar science: an expedition to Kerguelen Islands as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Advances in polar science |
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31-38 |
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This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s.The review begins with the first International Polar Year (IPY) in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advancesmade possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw theundertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean–ice–atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming. |
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1041 |
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1674-9928 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6531 |
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Author |
J.C. Aymes, M. Vignon, E. Beall, F. Guéraud, P. Gaudin |
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Age validation of the Kerguelen Islands brown trout, Salmo trutta L.,and selection of the otolith optimal zone for investigating chronological data series |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Fisheries research |
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176 |
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22–29 |
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The selection of an otolith optimal zone where to obtain interpretable chronological data (e.g. chemicaltransect, increment width) and valid age estimation is fundamental if otoliths are to be used as an effectivetool for investigating life history traits or environments experienced by fish. In the remote sub-AntarcticKerguelen Islands (49◦S, 70◦E), introduced brown trout populations are invading the archipelago sincethe 50’s and life histories information is of great interest to understand the invasion dynamics. Unfortu-nately, few studies have used otolith as a tool to estimate brown trout age at these extreme latitudes andlittle is known about otolith growth and annulus formation in these sub-polar conditions. Furthermore,no formal procedure exists at the population level to select an otolith optimal zone where to concomi-tantly extract chronological data aiming at investigating life history traits and growth chronologies. Inthis context, the aims of this study were (1) to validate the otolith age estimation method by the deter-mination of the position of the first annulus and the annual formation of subsequent annuli; (2) to definean optimal zone where chronological data could be coupled to age estimates. A brown trout populationlocated near the Port-au-Franc¸ ais station was studied and sampled repeatedly using mark-recapturemethod and Alizarin Red S marking. After to 2 years of recaptures 53 sagittae were analysed. A compositeindex was created to select an optimal zone where chronological data transects have the maximum prob-abilities to cross readable annuli. Results showed that brown trout forms annuli at the end of September,starting with the first winter after the December hatching. Annulus formation up to 2 years after mark-ing was validated. The area between 80◦and 120◦perpendicular to the rostrum/core axis was optimalfor the positioning of data transect. The proposed formal approach allows distinguishing the zone thatidentifies the best compromise between spatial resolution and precise annulus positioning along otolithchronological series.AcknowledgementsWe thank the French Polar Institute (IPEV, Institut PolairePaul-Emile Victor) for the financial support of the Program 1041SALMEVOL; we thank Jacques Labonne for his management of theprogram from 2008 to 2013.We thank Margaret Lang for providingwriting assistance that lead to the clarity of the English language.We thank Jacques Rives and Franc¸ ois Guéraud for otolith and scaleanalysis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments thatlead to substantial improvements in the manuscript. We gratefullyacknowledge the logistical support provided by the TAAF adminis-tration and the Southern French Natural Reserve at Kerguelen. Thefieldwork would not have been possible without the help and sup-port of the IPEV logistics team (Romuald Bellec, Yann Lemeur, NinaMarchand) and all the people involved in the SALMEVOL summercampaign (Stephane Betoulle, Eduardo Vicente Dopico-Rodriguez,Emily Farcy, Franc¸ ois Guéraud, José-Luis Horreo-Escandon, RenaudKaeuffer, Jacques Rives, Thibault Thellier, Julien Tremblay). |
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1041 |
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0165-7836 |
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6533 |
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Labonne, J., Gaudin, P., Hendry, A.p., Marandel, L., Panserat, S., Roussel, J. &Nbsp; |
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From genes to ecosystem, adaptation of introduced salmonids to a changing sub-Antarctic environment. |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2017 |
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12th SCAR biology symposium, 10-14 July 2017, Leuven, Belgium |
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1041 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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6885 |
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Labonne, J. |
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A (quick) panorama of salmonids invasion research in Kerguelen islands. |
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Non peer-reviewed symposium |
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2016 |
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Gdr invasions biologiques, 24 octobre, marseille. communication orale |
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1041 |
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6886 |
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Lucie Marandel, Philippe Gaudin, François Guéraud, Stéphane Glise, Alexandre Herman, Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan, Vincent Véron, Stéphane Panserat, Jacques Labonne |
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A reassessment of the carnivorous status of salmonids: Hepatic glucokinase is expressed in wild fish in Kerguelen Islands |
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2017 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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612 |
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276-285 |
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Carbohydrates Environment Gluconeogenesis Glucose metabolism Polar |
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Salmonids belong to a high trophic level and are thus considered as strictly carnivorous species, metabolically adapted for high catabolism of proteins and low utilisation of dietary carbohydrates. However they conserved a “mammalian-type” nutritional regulation of glucokinase encoding gene and its enzymatic activity by dietary carbohydrates which remains puzzling regarding their dietary regime. The present study investigates the hypothesis that this conservation could be linked to a real consumption by trout of this nutrient in their natural habitat. To do so, brown trout were sampled in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, a site presenting oligotrophic hydrosystems and no local freshwater fish fauna prior the introduction of salmonids fifty years ago. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrate content within Kerguelen trout stomachs demonstrate that these animals are fed on food resources containing digestible carbohydrates. Additionally, glycaemia and more particularly gck mRNA level and gck enzymatic activity prove that Kerguelen trout digest and metabolise dietary carbohydrates. Physiological and molecular analyses performed in the present study thus strongly evidence for consumption of dietary carbohydrates by wild trout in natural environments. Investigating differences between Kerguelen individuals, we found that smaller individuals presented higher glycaemia, as well as higher carbohydrates contents in stomach. However no relationship between scaled mass index and any physiological indicator was found. Thus it appears that Kerguelen trout do not turn to carbohydrate diet because of a different condition index, or that the consumption of carbohydrates does not lead to a generally degraded physiological status. As a conclusion, our findings may explain the evolutionary conservation of a “mammalian-type” nutritional regulation of gck by dietary carbohydrates in these carnivorous fish. |
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1041 |
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0048-9697 |
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0048-9697 |
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6887 |
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Gaudin P et Labonne J |
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Title |
Salmonidés aux Îles Kerguelen : des nouvelles de l'invasion |
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Communication |
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2017 |
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13èmes Journées scientifiques du CNFRA |
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11-12 mai 2017 |
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p 19 |
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Huit espèces de salmonidés ont été introduites aux Iles Kerguelen des années 50 au début des années 90. La truite commune (Salmo trutta) est la seule espèce qui ait réussi à coloniser la quasi-totalité des bassins versants de la moitié Est de l'île, grâce à sa forme anadrome. Parmi les autres espèces, 3 ont échoué, les autres se maintiennent sur les sites d’introduction ou, comme le saumon Coho (Oncoryhchus kisutch), pourraient débuter une phase de colonisation. Bien que considérée maintenant comme inopportune, l'expérience initiée par ces introductions est d'un intérêt majeur, dans un contexte de réchauffement et de recul très rapide des glaciers dans cette région subantarctique. Les bases de données et d’échantillons recueillies depuis 1954 nous permettent d’explorer quelques-unes des grandes questions portant sur le succès des invasions biologiques, l’évolution et l’adaptation des espèces et leurs relations avec les changements rapides de leur environnement. |
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6889 |
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