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Kévin CASCELLA , Léna VOUILLOT, Nelly LEGER, Erwan CORRE, Didier JOLLIVET, Juliette RAVAUX, Arnaud TANGUY et Jean-Yves TOULLEC |
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Physiological impact of temperature increase on ice krill (Euphausia crystallorophias): HSP70 response. SEB : Salzburg 29/05-02/07/2012 |
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2012 |
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4298 |
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Kévin CASCELLA, Erwan CORRE, Didier JOLLIVET, Arnaud TANGUY et Jean-Yves TOULLEC
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Réponses physiologiques du krill d’Antarctique à une augmentation de la température. 8 èmes journées scientifiques -CNFRA. Plouzané : 10-10/05/2012.
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2012 |
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4299 |
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Kevin Cascella, Erwan Corre, Rob King, Kim Huenerlage , Friedrich Buchholz , So Kawagushi, Jean-Yves Toullec
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Physiological response of polar krill to an increase of temperature: HSP70 expressions. Colloque d'Ecophysiologie Animale 2013. Lyon |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2013 |
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Polar Regions suffer first the effects of global warming. In Antarctica, the Peninsula region already undergoes a seawater elevation of temperature of 1°C, and in the Arctic, sea ice cover is decreasing due to an enhanced input of warm Atlantic waters. In that context, assessment of the physiological impact of a potential increase in temperature on polar species is a priority in term of biodiversity management. Euphausiids (krill) constitute keystone species in the Antarctic and Arctic trophic chains and feed zooplankton as well as large carnivorous mammals and birds. The physiological response of krill (i.e Euphausia superba , E. crystallorophias and Thysanoessa inermis) facing an increase in ocean temperature is then a primordial marker to predict evolution of polar animal communities. An approach combining animals conditioning on the field and transcriptomic has been implemented to study molecular capacities to respond to heat stress. So, CTmax have first been estimated with each species. Then, to characterise the molecular response, heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been chosen at first sight as molecular marker for their chaperoning role in thermal stress response. The high-throughput sequencing (Illumina) permitted to identify, members of HSP family in the three species, focusing on HSP70. Quantitative PCR is used to quantify HSP70 isoforms expression levels, after an artificial heat stress, in order to establish species stress tolerance. |
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4568 |
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Toullec Jean-Yves, Corre Erwan, Bernay Benoît, Thorne Michael A S, Cascella Kévin, Ollivaux Céline, Henry Joël, Clark Melody S, |
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Transcriptome and Peptidome Characterisation of the Main Neuropeptides and Peptidic Hormones of a Euphausiid: The Ice Krill, Euphausia crystallorophias |
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Year |
2013 |
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PLOS ONE |
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8 |
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8 |
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e71609 |
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Background: The Ice krill, Euphausia crystallorophias is one of the species at the base of the Southern Ocean food chain. Given their significant contribution to the biomass of the Southern Ocean, it is vitally important to gain a better understanding of their physiology and, in particular, anticipate their responses to climate change effects in the warming seas around Antarctica. Methodology/Principal Findings: Illumina sequencing was used to produce a transcriptome of the ice krill. Analysis of the assembled contigs via two different methods, produced 36 new pre-pro-peptides, coding for 61 neuropeptides or peptide hormones belonging to the following families: Allatostatins (A, B et C), Bursicon (α and β), Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH and MIH/VIHs), Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (CCAP), Corazonin, Diuretic Hormones (DH), the Eclosion Hormone (EH), Neuroparsin, Neuropeptide F (NPF), small Neuropeptide F (sNPF), Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH), Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH) and finally Tachykinin. LC/MS/MS proteomics was also carried out on eyestalk extracts, which are the major site of neuropeptide synthesis in decapod crustaceans. Results confirmed the presence of six neuropeptides and six precursor-related peptides previously identified in the transcriptome analyses.Conclusions: This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of neuropeptide hormones in a Eucarida non-decapod Malacostraca, several of which are described for the first time in a non-decapod crustacean. Additionally, there is a potential expansion of PDH and Neuropeptide F family members, which may reflect certain life history traits such as circadian rhythms associated with diurnal migrations and also the confirmation via mass spectrometry of several novel pre-pro-peptides, of unknown function. Knowledge of these essential hormones provides a vital framework for understanding the physiological response of this key Southern Ocean species to climate change and provides a valuable resource for studies into the molecular phylogeny of these organisms and the evolution of neuropeptide hormones. |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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4503 |
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Jean-Yves Toullec |
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Le krill sous toutes ses latitudes. Rapport d'activité IPEV 2012-13 |
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2013 |
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yes |
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4581 |
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Jean-Yves Toullec, Kévin Cascella, Stéphanie Ruault, Alexandre Geffroy, David Lorieux, Nicolas Montagné, Céline Ollivaux, Chi-Ying Lee |
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Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in a warming ocean: thermotolerance and deciphering Hsp70 responses |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Cell Stress and Chaperones |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
519-531 |
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The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is a Southern Ocean endemic species of proven ecological importance to the region. In the context of predicted global warming, it is particularly important to understand how classic biomarkers of heat stress function in this species. In this respect, Hsp70s are acknowledged as good candidates. However, previous studies of expression kinetics have not been able to demonstrate significant upregulation of these genes in response to heat shocks at 3 °C and 6 °C for 3 and 6 h. The current work complements these previous results and broadens the prospects for the use of Hsp70s as a relevant marker of thermal shock in this krill species. New experiments demonstrate that induction of Hsp70 isoforms was not detected during exposure to heat shock, but increased expression was observed after several hours of recovery. To complete the analysis of the expression kinetics of the different isoforms, experiments were carried out over short time scales (1 and 2 h at 3 °C and 6 °C) as well as at higher temperatures (9 °C, 12 °C, and 15 °C for 3 h), without any significant response. A 6-week monitoring of animals at 3 °C showed that the time factor is decisive in the establishment of the response. CTmax experiments with incremental times of 1 °C per day or 1 °C every 3 days have shown a particularly high resilience of the animals. The demonstration of the abundance of Hsp70s present before thermal stress in various species of krill, as well as in specimens of E. superba of various origins, showed that the delay in the response in expression could be related to the high constitutive levels of Hsp70 available before the stress experiments. The alternative labelling of the two main isoforms of Hsp70 according to the origin of the animals allowed hypotheses to be put forward on the functioning of thermoregulation in Antarctic krill as well as ice krill. |
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1466-1268 |
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yes |
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8173 |
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Jean-Yves Toullec, Erwan Corre, Perrine Mandon, Marcelo Gonzalez-Aravena, Céline Ollivaux, Chi-Ying Lee |
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Characterization of the neuropeptidome of a Southern Ocean decapod, the Antarctic shrimp Chorismus antarcticus: Focusing on a new decapod ITP-like peptide belonging to the CHH peptide family |
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Year |
2017 |
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General and Comparative Endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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252 |
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60-78 |
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Antarctica CHH Crustacea ITP-like Neuropeptides Transcriptomics |
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As part of the study of the resilience of Antarctic crustaceans to global warming, the shrimp Chorismus antarcticus was subjected to an analysis of global approach using the Next Generation Sequencing Illumina Hi-Seq platform. With this data a detailed study into the principal neuropeptides and neurohormones of this species have been undertaken. Total RNAs from whole animals were enriched with eyestalk extracts to ensure maximum sequencing depth of the different neurohormones and neuropeptides mainly expressed into the X organ-sinus gland complex, which is a major endocrine organ of their synthesis. Apart from the information that can provide the availability of the transcriptome of a polar crustacean, the study of neuropeptides of a caridean shrimp will partially fill the limited data available for this taxon. Illumina sequencing was used to produce a transcriptome of the polar shrimp. Analysis of the Trinity assembled contigs produced 55 pre-pro-peptides, coding for 111 neuropeptides belonging to the following families: adipokinetic-corazonin-like peptide, Allatostatins (A, B et C), Bursicon (α), CCHamide, Crustacean Hyperglycemic Hormones (CHH), Crustacean Cardioactive Peptide (CCAP), Corazonin, Crustacean Female Sex Hormone (CSFH), Diuretic Hormones 31 and 45 (DH), Eclosion Hormone (EH), FLRFamide, GSEFLamide, Intocin, Ion Transport Peptide-like (ITP-like), Leucokinin, Molt-inhibiting Hormone, Myosuppresin, Neuroparsin, Neuropeptide F (NPF), Orcokinin, Orcomyotropin, Pigment Dispersing Hormone (PDH), Pyrokinin, Red Pigment Concentrating Hormone (RPCH), SIFamide, small Neuropeptide F (sNPF), Sulfakinin and finally Tachykinin Related peptides. Among the new peptides highlighted in this study, the focus was placed on the peptides of the CHH family and more particularly on a new ITP-like in order to confirm its belonging to a new group of peptides of the family. A phylogeny made from more than 200 sequences of peptides, included new sequences from new species besides Chorismus antarcticus, confirms the peculiarity of this new set of peptides gathered under the name ITP-like. |
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0016-6480 |
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8174 |
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Claire Papot, Kévin Cascella, Jean-Yves Toullec, Didier Jollivet |
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Title |
Divergent ecological histories of two sister Antarctic krill species led to contrasted patterns of genetic diversity in their heat-shock protein (hsp70) arsenal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1555-1575 |
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Keywords |
Balancing selection duplication heat-shock proteins krill sweep thermal adaptation |
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Abstract |
The Arctic and the Antarctic Peninsula are currently experiencing some of the most rapid rates of ocean warming on the planet. This raises the question of how the initial adaptation to extreme cold temperatures was put in place and whether or not directional selection has led to the loss of genetic variation at key adaptive systems, and thus polar species’ (re)adaptability to higher temperatures. In the Southern Ocean, krill represents the most abundant fauna and is a critical member at the base of the Antarctic food web. To better understand the role of selection in shaping current patterns of polymorphisms, we examined genetic diversity of the cox-1 and hsp70 genes by comparing two closely related species of Euphausiid that differ in ecology. Results on mtcox-1 agreed with previous studies, indicating high and similar effective population sizes. However, a coalescent-based approach on hsp70 genes highlighted the role of positive selection and past demographic changes in their recent evolution. Firstly, some form of balancing selection was acting on the inducible isoform C, which reflected the maintenance of an ancestral adaptive polymorphism in both species. Secondly, E. crystallorophias seems to have lost most of its hsp70 diversity because of a population crash and/or directional selection to cold. Nonsynonymous diversities were always greater in E. superba, suggesting that it might have evolved under more heterogeneous conditions. This can be linked to species’ ecology with E. superba living in more variable pelagic conditions, while E. crystallorophias is strictly associated with continental shelves and sea ice. |
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1039 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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8175 |
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Kim Huenerlage, Kévin Cascella, Erwan Corre, Lola Toomey, Chi-Ying Lee, Friedrich Buchholz, Jean-Yves Toullec |
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Title |
Responses of the arcto-boreal krill species Thysanoessa inermis to variations in water temperature: coupling Hsp70 isoform expressions with metabolism |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Cell Stress and Chaperones |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
969-981 |
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Abstract |
Recent studies have indicated a metabolic temperature sensitivity in both the arcto-boreal krill species Thysanoessa inermis and Thysanoessa raschii that may determine these species’ abundance and population persistence at lower latitudes (up to 40° N). T. inermis currently dominates the krill community in the Barents Sea and in the high Arctic Kongsfjord. We aimed to increase the knowledge on the upper thermal limit found in the latter species by estimating the CT50 value (19.7 °C) (critical temperature at which 50 % of animals are reactive) and by linking metabolic rate measurements with molecular approaches. Optical oxygen sensors were used to measure respiration rates in steps of 2 °C (from 0 to 16 °C). To follow the temperature-mediated mechanisms of passive response, i.e., as a proxy for molecular stress, molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) sequences were extracted from a transcriptome assembly, and the gene expression kinetics were monitored during an acute temperature exposure to 6 or 10 °C with subsequent recovery at 4 °C. Our results showed upregulation of hsp70 genes, especially the structurally constitutive and mitochondrial isoforms. These findings confirmed the temperature sensitivity of T. inermis and showed that the thermal stress took place before reaching the upper temperature limit estimated by respirometry at 12 °C. This study provides a baseline for further investigations into the thermal tolerances of arcto-boreal Thysanoessa spp. and comparisons with other krill species under different climatic regimes, especially Antarctica. |
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1466-1268 |
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yes |
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8176 |
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Kévin Cascella, Didier Jollivet, Claire Papot, Nelly Léger, Erwan Corre, Juliette Ravaux, Melody S. Clark, Jean-Yves Toullec |
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Title |
Diversification, Evolution and Sub-Functionalization of 70kDa Heat-Shock Proteins in Two Sister Species of Antarctic Krill: Differences in Thermal Habitats, Responses and Implications under Climate Change |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PLOS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e0121642 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica Mitochondria Ocean temperature Phylogenetic analysis Sea ice Sequence motif analysis Speciation Transcriptome analysis |
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Abstract |
Background A comparative thermal tolerance study was undertaken on two sister species of Euphausiids (Antarctic krills) Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias. Both are essential components of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, but occupy distinct environmental geographical locations with slightly different temperature regimes. They therefore provide a useful model system for the investigation of adaptations to thermal tolerance. Methodology/Principal Finding Initial CTmax studies showed that E. superba was slightly more thermotolerant than E. crystallorophias. Five Hsp70 mRNAs were characterized from the RNAseq data of both species and subsequent expression kinetics studies revealed notable differences in induction of each of the 5 orthologues between the two species, with E. crystallorophias reacting more rapidly than E. superba. Furthermore, analyses conducted to estimate the evolutionary rates and selection strengths acting on each gene tended to support the hypothesis that diversifying selection has contributed to the diversification of this gene family, and led to the selective relaxation on the inducible C form with its possible loss of function in the two krill species. Conclusions The sensitivity of the epipelagic species E. crystallorophias to temperature variations and/or its adaptation to cold is enhanced when compared with its sister species, E. superba. These results indicate that ice krill could be the first of the two species to be impacted by the warming of coastal waters of the Austral ocean in the coming years due to climate change. |
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1932-6203 |
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8177 |
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