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Title |
Health access inequities and magic medicine: the first ancient evidence? |
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2020 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
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Volume |
395 |
Issue |
10233 |
Pages |
1343-1344 |
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Inequities in access to the latest advances in health care and effective drugs constitute public health problems today,1 but was this also the case in ancient societies when practitioners used traditional medicines with limited means? The excavation of frozen graves in Yakutia (present day eastern Siberia, Russia) dating from 1700 CE2 led to the identification of a woman, buried almost naked, covered with a magnificent robe and with half a horse bit in her mouth (figure). The other half of the horse bit was found in the trunk behind her head with her earrings, bracelets, and signet rings. |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Elsevier |
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0140-6736, 1474-547X |
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yes |
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7666 |
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Title |
A serological survey of echinococcosis, toxocariasis and trichinellosis among rural inhabitants of Central Yakutia |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
International Journal of Circumpolar Health |
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78 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1603550 |
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Keywords |
Echinococcosis seroepidemiology toxocariasis trichinellosis Yakutia |
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Abstract |
In 2018, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out in 3 ulus, or districts (Churapchinsky, Megino-Kangalassky and Ust-Aldansky) in Central Yakutia (Sakha Republic, Russian Federation) about 3 helminth zoonoses, namely, echinococcosis (alveolar or cystic), toxocariasis and trichinellosis. Ninety rural volunteers agreed to answer a questionnaire that inquired about demographic and environmental parameters along with food habits. Then they were asked to provide a venous blood sample. Serological investigations were carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four subjects tested positive for echinococcosis, 1 for toxocariasis and 2 for trichinellosis. No demographic or environmental or dietary possible risk factor was found to be associated with these positive results. In conclusion, only echinococcosis and trichinellosis appeared to be in Yakutia as health threats among the 3 investigated zoonoses. |
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1038 |
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yes |
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7693 |
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Author |
Liubomira Romanova, Vincent Balter, Laurent Simon, Patrice Gerard, Nadejda Pokatilova, Eric Crubezy |
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Title |
Diet of autochthonous populations in Yakutia using isotopic, ethnographic, historical and archaeological data |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports |
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28 |
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Pages |
102022 |
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This article investigates, for the first time, the diet of the Yakut population between the 15th and 19th centuries AD. Analyses of the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in human and animal bone collagen were used for the study. The stable isotope values were then compared through four historical periods, three geographical areas, sexes, and socio-economic groups determined by the presence or absence of artefacts in the excavated tombs. The results highlight the variety of dietary practices among the Yakuts. There are significant differences between the North, characterised mostly by the consumption of herbivores, the Viluy region, where fish had an important role, and Central Yakutia with a diversified diet. No differences were seen between the diets of men and women. The group of elites had a stable diet based on meat and milk consumption. Samples before 1700AD had ?15N values that were higher than samples from other periods, probably due to greater consumption of fish and foal meat. These data were compared with ethnographic, historical and archaeological information so as to better depict the diet of these past populations. |
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1038 |
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2352-409X |
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yes |
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7700 |
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Author |
Romanova, L. G., Pokatilova, N. V., Balter, V., &Amp; Crubezy, E. |
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Mezhdisciplinarnyj podhod v izuchenii pitanija jakutov s XVII po XIX v. [Archaeological and biological approaches in the study of the Yakut diet in the 17th and 19th/20th centuries] (In Russian) |
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2020 |
Publication |
Yakut medical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1 |
Issue |
69 |
Pages |
73-76 |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7784 |
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Title |
The genetic legacy of legendary and historical Siberian chieftains |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Communications Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-9 |
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Seventeen years of archaeological and anthropological expeditions in North-Eastern Siberia (in the Sakha Republic, Yakutia) have permitted the genetic analysis of 150 ancient (15th-19th century) and 510 modern individuals. Almost all males were successfully analysed (Y-STR) and this allowed us to identify paternal lineages and their geographical expansion through time. This genetic data was confronted with mythological, historical and material evidence to establish the sequence of events that built the modern Yakut genetic diversity. We show that the ancient Yakuts recovered from this large collection of graves are not representative of an ancient population. Uncommonly, we were also able to demonstrate that the funerary preference observed here involved three specific male lineages, especially in the 18th century. Moreover, this dominance was likely caused by the Russian conquest of Siberia which allowed some male clans to rise to new levels of power. Finally, we give indications that some mythical and historical figures might have been the actors of those genetic changes. These results help us reconsider the genetic dynamics of colonization in some regions, question the distinction between fact and myth in national histories and provide a rare insight into a funerary ensemble by revealing the biased process of its composition. |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2399-3642 |
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2399-3642 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7790 |
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Author |
E. Crubezy, O. Melnichuk, A. Alexeev |
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2020 |
Publication |
Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii |
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Issue |
4 (51) |
Pages |
110-119 |
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For the past 15 years, our research has focused on the evolution of the first Yakut populations, their interaction with local tribes as well as with the Russian population, which marks the beginning of Yakutia's development from the first half of the 17th century. We conducted the excavation of tombs and we analysed the cultural, historical and paleogenetic data uncovered. A review and a synthesis of the main results published in articles and monographs informs our research directions for the future. |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1811-7465 |
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yes |
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7936 |
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Title |
Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series |
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2019 |
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Cell |
Abbreviated Journal |
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177 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1419-1435.e31 |
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Keywords |
ancient DNA animal breeding diversity domestication equestrian civilizations extinct lineages horses management mules selection |
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1038 |
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0092-8674, 1097-4172 |
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yes |
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8011 |
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Title |
Frozen graves of Yakutia, a chronological sequence |
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2020 |
Publication |
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII |
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4 |
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120-130 |
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Keywords |
artefacts Christianization chronology funeral practices modern period soil burial Yakutia Yakuts |
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Distribution, cultural and chronological attribution of frozen graves of Yakutia between the beginning of 17th and end of 19th century. The funerary rites and the artefacts allow to differentiate four chrono-cultural periods (before 1700 AD, from 1700 to 1750 AD, from 1750 to 1800 AD and after 1800 AD) which could be associated with historical events: opening of the trading post of Nertchinsk, expansion of the Kangalasky clan, economic collapse, generalization of Christianization. |
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1038 |
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yes |
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8012 |
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Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) |
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2021 |
Publication |
Medrxiv |
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Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time. |
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1038 |
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yes |
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7952 |
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Hochstrasser-Petit Ch., Romanova L., Duchesne S., Melnichuk O., Gérard P. |
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Title |
Yakut clothes of the 17th and 18th centuries, archaeology and restitution. |
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2020 |
Publication |
Vest. archeol. anthropol. i etnogr |
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4 |
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131-147 |
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40 Frozen Yakutian Graves, From The 17th To The 19th Century Allow The Reconstitution Of Clothes. At The End Of the 17th Century, New Fashions Are Emerging With The Ostentatious Use Of Imported Goods And The Influences Of russian Noble Circles And Chinese And/or Mongol And/or Buriat Fashions. The Garment Does Not Only Seem To Be any More An Element Of Protection Against The Cold And A Utilitarian Object But Becomes A Way To Marking The Socialization of The Individual. |
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1038 |
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8058 |
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