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Title |
Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change |
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Journal |
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Year |
2009 |
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Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
325 |
Issue |
5946 |
Pages |
1355-1358 |
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Abstract |
At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid changes may be a bellwether of changes to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, climate regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm. |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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yes |
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7250 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2634-2652 |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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7251 |
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Author |
Olivier Gilg, Nigel G. Yoccoz |
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Title |
Explaining Bird Migration |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
327 |
Issue |
5963 |
Pages |
276-277 |
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Abstract |
Arctic shorebirds can travel tens of thousands of kilometers every year as they fly along intercontinental flyways from their southern wintering grounds to their remote, harsh breeding sites. How these birds solve the navigational and physiological constraints has been largely answered, but why they migrate is still a question with many possible answers (1). On page 326 of this issue, McKinnon et al. (2) present a continent-wide study that points to predation as a driving mechanism for migration. The study also elucidates the role of predation in shaping Arctic terrestrial biodiversity. Predation pressure falls with increasing latitude, helping to explain why many birds migrate as far north as the high Arctic. Predation pressure falls with increasing latitude, helping to explain why many birds migrate as far north as the high Arctic. |
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1036 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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yes |
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7252 |
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Journal |
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2019 |
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Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
364 |
Issue |
6445 |
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Abstract |
Kubelka et al. (Reports, 9 November 2018, p. 680) claim that climate change has disrupted patterns of nest predation in shorebirds. They report that predation rates have increased since the 1950s, especially in the Arctic. We describe methodological problems with their analyses and argue that there is no solid statistical support for their claims. |
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1036 |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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0036-8075, 1095-9203 |
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yes |
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3961 |
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Author |
Richard, Y. |
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Title |
Détermination du statut parasitaire de trois populations de lemming à collier en relation avec leurs densités |
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Master 2 |
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Year |
2012 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1036 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7256 |
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Title |
Post-breeding migration of four Long-tailed Skuas (Stercorarius longicaudus) from North and East Greenland to West Africa |
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Journal |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ornithology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
152 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
375-381 |
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Keywords |
Greenland Long-tailed Skua Post-breeding migration Rates of travel Satellite tracking Staging area Upwelling |
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1036 |
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1439-0361 |
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1439-0361 |
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yes |
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7269 |
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Author |
Perroud, Lucie |
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Title |
Etude des stratégies de soins parentaux des limicoles en région arctique: le cas du bécasseau sanderling (Calidris alba) |
Type |
Master 2 |
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Year |
2014 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1036 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7271 |
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Title |
Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
3842-3856 |
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Keywords |
Calidris DNA barcoding generalism Greenland Hymenoptera molecular diet analysis Pardosa Plectrophenax specialism Xysticus |
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Abstract |
Abstract How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and dynamics. While poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly assumed to be simple in structure, with few links per species. If this is the case, then different parts of the web may be weakly connected to each other, with populations and species united by only a low number of links. We provide the first highly resolved description of trophic link structure for a large part of a high-arctic food web. For this purpose, we apply a combination of recent techniques to describing the links between three predator guilds (insectivorous birds, spiders, and lepidopteran parasitoids) and their two dominant prey orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera). The resultant web shows a dense link structure and no compartmentalization or modularity across the three predator guilds. Thus, both individual predators and predator guilds tap heavily into the prey community of each other, offering versatile scope for indirect interactions across different parts of the web. The current description of a first but single arctic web may serve as a benchmark toward which to gauge future webs resolved by similar techniques. Targeting an unusual breadth of predator guilds, and relying on techniques with a high resolution, it suggests that species in this web are closely connected. Thus, our findings call for similar explorations of link structure across multiple guilds in both arctic and other webs. From an applied perspective, our description of an arctic web suggests new avenues for understanding how arctic food webs are built and function and of how they respond to current climate change. It suggests that to comprehend the community-level consequences of rapid arctic warming, we should turn from analyses of populations, population pairs, and isolated predator?prey interactions to considering the full set of interacting species. |
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1036 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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7282 |
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Author |
Andreassen P. |
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Title |
A retrospective study of the endoparasitic Helminths present in faeces of Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus) from Northeastern Greenland |
Type |
Master 2 |
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Year |
2015 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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1036 |
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yes |
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7284 |
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Title |
Effects of food abundance and early clutch predation on reproductive timing in a high Arctic shorebird exposed to advancements in arthropod abundance |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
7375-7386 |
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Keywords |
Bird migration Calidris alba chick growth climate change nest survival phenology timing trophic interactions trophic mismatch |
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Abstract |
Climate change may influence the phenology of organisms unequally across trophic levels and thus lead to phenological mismatches between predators and prey. In cases where prey availability peaks before reproducing predators reach maximal prey demand, any negative fitness consequences would selectively favor resynchronization by earlier starts of the reproductive activities of the predators. At a study site in northeast Greenland, over a period of 17 years, the median emergence of the invertebrate prey of Sanderling Calidris alba advanced with 1.27 days per year. Yet, over the same period Sanderling did not advance hatching date. Thus, Sanderlings increasingly hatched after their prey was maximally abundant. Surprisingly, the phenological mismatches did not affect chick growth, but the interaction of the annual width and height of the peak in food abundance did. Chicks grew especially better in years when the food peak was broad. Sanderling clutches were most likely to be depredated early in the season, which should delay reproduction. We propose that high early clutch predation may favor a later reproductive timing. Additionally, our data suggest that in most years food was still abundant after the median date of emergence, which may explain why Sanderlings did not advance breeding along with the advances in arthropod phenology. |
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1036 |
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2045-7758 |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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7306 |
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