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. (2022). Special issue on the AMAP 2021 assessment of mercury in the Arctic (Vol. 843).
Abstract: This Editorial presents an overview of the Special Issue on advances in Arctic mercury (Hg) science synthesized from the 2021 assessment of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). Mercury continues to travel to Arctic environments and threaten wildlife and human health in this circumpolar region. Over the last decade, progress has been achieved in addressing policy-relevant uncertainties in environmental Hg contamination. This includes temporal trends of Hg, its transport to and within the Arctic, methylmercury cycling, climate change influences, biological effects of Hg on fish and wildlife, human exposure to Hg, and forecasting of Arctic responses to different future scenarios of anthropogenic Hg emissions. In addition, important contributions of Indigenous Peoples to Arctic research and monitoring of Hg are highlighted, including through projects of knowledge co-production. Finally, policy-relevant recommendations are summarized for future study of Arctic mercury. This series of scientific articles presents comprehensive information relevant to supporting effectiveness evaluation of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury.
Keywords: Biological effects Climate change Human health Indigenous participation Mercury cycle
Programme: 1028
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. (2023). A peat core Hg stable isotope reconstruction of Holocene atmospheric Hg deposition at Amsterdam Island (37.8oS) (Vol. 341).
Keywords: Hg deposition Hg stable isotopes Peat Rain Southern Hemisphere
Programme: 1028
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. (2023). Probing the limits of sampling gaseous elemental mercury passively in the remote atmosphere (Vol. 3).
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Emmanuel Le Meur, Olivier Magand, Laurent Arnaud, Michel Fily, Massimo Frezzotti, Marie Cavitte, Robert Mulvaney, Stefano Urbini. (2018). Spatial and temporal distributions of surface mass balance between Concordia and Vostok stations, Antarctica, from combined radar and ice core data: first results and detailed error analysis (Vol. 12). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Abstract. Results from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements and shallow ice cores carried out during a scientific traverse between Dome Concordia (DC) and Vostok stations are presented in order to infer both spatial and temporal characteristics of snow accumulation over the East Antarctic Plateau. Spatially continuous accumulation rates along the traverse are computed from the identification of three equally spaced radar reflections spanning about the last
Programme: 1028,1053,1110
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. (2017). Surface studies of water isotopes in Antarctica for quantitative interpretation of deep ice core data (Vol. 349). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: Antarctica Ice core Water isotopes
Programme: 1028,1110
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. (2020). A compact incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for trace detection of nitrogen oxides, iodine oxide and glyoxal at levels below parts per billion for field applications (Vol. 13). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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. (2009). Ecological Dynamics Across the Arctic Associated with Recent Climate Change
. Science, 325(5946), 1355–1358.
Abstract: At the close of the Fourth International Polar Year, we take stock of the ecological consequences of recent climate change in the Arctic, focusing on effects at population, community, and ecosystem scales. Despite the buffering effect of landscape heterogeneity, Arctic ecosystems and the trophic relationships that structure them have been severely perturbed. These rapid changes may be a bellwether of changes to come at lower latitudes and have the potential to affect ecosystem services related to natural resources, food production, climate regulation, and cultural integrity. We highlight areas of ecological research that deserve priority as the Arctic continues to warm.
Programme: 1036
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Wang Hao, Nagy John D, Gilg Olivier, Kuang Yang, . (2009). The roles of predator maturation delay and functional response in determining the periodicity of predatorprey cycles
. Mathematical Biosciences, 221(1), 1–10.
Abstract: Population cycles in small mammals have attracted the attention of several generations of theoretical and experimental biologists and continue to generate controversy. Top-down and bottom-up trophic regulations are two recent competing hypotheses. The principal purpose of this paper is to explore the relative contributions of a variety of ecological factors to predatorprey population cycles. Here we suggest that for some species collared lemmings, snowshoe hares and moose in particular maturation delay of predators and the functional response of predation appear to be the primary determinants. Our study suggests that maturation delay alone almost completely determines the cycle period, whereas the functional response greatly affects its amplitude and even its existence. These results are obtained from sensitivity analysis of all parameters in a mathematical model of the lemmingstoat delayed system, which is an extension of Gilgs model. Our result may also explain why lemmings have a 4-year cycle whereas snowshoe hares have a 10-year cycle. Our parameterized model supports and extends Mays assertion that time delay impacts cycle period and amplitude. Furthermore, if maturation periods of predators are too short or too long, or the functional response resembles Holling Type I, then population cycles do not appear; however, suitable intermediate predator maturation periods and suitable functional responses can generate population cycles for both prey and predators. These results seem to explain why some populations are cyclic whereas others are not. Finally, we find parameterizations of our model that generate a 38-year population cycle consistent with the putative cycles of the moosewolf interactions on Isle Royale, Michigan.
Keywords: Population cycle, Snowshoe harelynx, Lemmingstoat, Moosewolf, Predatorprey, Delay differential equation,
Programme: 1036
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. (2009). Climate change and cyclic predatorprey population dynamics in the high Arctic
. Glob Chang Biol, 15(11), 2634–2652.
Abstract: The high Arctic has the world's simplest terrestrial vertebrate predatorprey community, with the collared lemming being the single main prey of four predators, the snowy owl, the Arctic fox, the long-tailed skua, and the stoat. Using a 20-year-long time series of population densities for the five species and a dynamic model that has been previously parameterized for northeast Greenland, we analyzed the population and community level consequences of the ongoing and predicted climate change. Species' responses to climate change are complex, because in addition to the direct effects of climate change, which vary depending on species' life histories, species are also affected indirectly due to, e.g., predatorprey interactions. The lemmingpredator community exemplifies these complications, yet a robust conclusion emerges from our modeling: in practically all likely scenarios of how climate change may influence the demography of the species, climate change increases the length of the lemming population cycle and decreases the maximum population densities. The latter change in particular is detrimental to the populations of the predators, which are adapted to make use of the years of the greatest prey abundance. Therefore, climate change will indirectly reduce the predators' reproductive success and population densities, and may ultimately lead to local extinction of some of the predator species. Based on these results, we conclude that the recent anomalous observations about lack of cyclic lemming dynamics in eastern Greenland may well be the first signs of a severe impact of climate change on the lemmingpredator communities in Greenland and elsewhere in the high Arctic.
Keywords: Alopex lagopus, Arctic community, climate change, cyclic dynamics, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, Greenland, Mustela erminea, Nyctea scandiaca, predatorprey interaction, Stercorarius longicaudus,
Programme: 1036
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Gilg, O., B. Sittler, And I. Hanski. (2011). Bachelor's thesis, , .
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