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Warren RL. Cairns, Clara Turetta, Niccolò Maffezzoli, Olivier Magand, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Hélène Angot, Delia Segato, Paolo Cristofanelli, Francesca Sprovieri, Claudio Scarchilli, Paolo Grigioni, Virginia Ciardini, Carlo Barbante, Aurélien Dommergue, Andrea Spolaor |
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Title |
Mercury in precipitated and surface snow at Dome C and a first estimate of mercury depositional fluxes during the Austral summer on the high Antarctic plateau |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
262 |
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Pages |
118634 |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric conditions High resolution sampling Snow scavenging factor Snow sublimation |
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Abstract |
The role of deposition fluxes on the mercury cycle at Concordia station, on the high Antarctic plateau have been investigated over the Austral summer between December 2017 to January 2018. Wet/frozen deposition was collected daily from specially sited tables, simultaneously with the collection of surface (0–3 cm) and subsurface (3–6 cm) snow and the analysis of Hg0 in the ambient air. Over the course of the experiment the atmospheric Hg0 concentrations ranged from 0.58 ± 0.19 to 1.00 ± 0.33 ng m−3, surface snow Hg concentrations varied between (0–3 cm) 0.006 ± 0.003 to 0.001 ± 0.001 ng cm−3 and subsurface snow (3–6 cm) concentrations varied between 0.001 ± 0.001 to 0.003 ± 0.002 ng cm−3. The maximum daily wet deposition flux was found to be 23 ng m−2 d−1. Despite the low temporal resolution of our measurements combined with their potential errors, the linear regression of the Hg deposition fluxes against the snow accumulation rates allowed us to estimate the mean dry deposition rate from the intercept of the graph as −0.005 +- 0.008 ng m−2 d−1. From this analysis, we conclude that wet deposition accounts for the vast majority of the Hg deposition fluxes at Concordia Station. The number of snow events, together with the continuous GEM measurements have allowed us to make a first estimation of the mean snow scavenging factor at Dome C. Using the slope of the regression of mercury flux on snow accumulation we obtained a snow scavenging factor that ranges from 0.21 to 0.22 ± 0.02 (ngHg/g snow)/(ngHg/m3 air). Our data indicate that the boundary layer height and local meteorological effects influence Hg0 reemission from the top of (0–3 cm) the snowpack into the atmosphere and into the deeper snowpack layer (3–6 cm). These data will help constrain numerical models on the behaviour of mercury in Antarctica. |
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1028 |
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1352-2310 |
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yes |
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8057 |
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Stefan Osterwalder, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Beatriz Ferreira Araujo, Olivier Magand, Jennie L. Thomas, Foteini Baladima, Katrine Aspmo Pfaffhuber, Torunn Berg, Lei Zhang, Jiaoyan Huang, Aurélien Dommergue, Jeroen E. Sonke, Mae Sexauer Gustin |
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Title |
Fate of Springtime Atmospheric Reactive Mercury: Concentrations and Deposition at Zeppelin, Svalbard |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
11 |
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3234-3246 |
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Mid-latitude atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg) emissions undergo extensive oxidation to reactive Hg (RM) compounds during Arctic polar sunrise, resulting in enhanced atmospheric deposition that impacts Arctic marine wildlife and humans. It has been difficult to estimate RM dry deposition, because RM concentrations, compounds, and their deposition velocities are ill-defined. Here, we investigate RM concentrations sampled with membrane-based methods and find these to exceed denuder-based RM detection by 5 times at the Zeppelin Observatory on Svalbard (March 26–July 24, 2019). Measured dry deposition of gaseous oxidized Hg was about half of the modeled RM deposition, demonstrating that particulate-bound Hg was an important component of dry deposition. Using thermal membrane desorption, RM chemistry was found to be dominated by Hg–Cl/Br (51%) and Hg–N (45%) compounds. Back-trajectory analysis indicated that Hg–Br/Cl compounds were predominantly advected from within the marine boundary layer (sea ice exposure), while Hg–N originated from the free troposphere. Weekly average RM compound-specific dry deposition velocities ranged from 0.12 to 0.49 cm s–1, with a net RM dry deposition of 1.9 μg m–2 (1.5–2.5 μg m–2; 95% confidence interval) that exceeds the mean annual Hg wet deposition flux in Svalbard. Overall, we find that springtime atmospheric RM deposition has been underestimated in the Arctic marine environment. |
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1028 |
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8361 |
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Author |
É Vignon, M.-L. Roussel, I. V. Gorodetskaya, C. Genthon, A. Berne |
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Title |
Present and Future of Rainfall in Antarctica |
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2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
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48 |
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8 |
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e2020GL092281 |
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While most precipitation in Antarctica falls as snow, little is known about liquid precipitation, although it can have ecological and climatic impacts. This study combines meteorological reports at 10 stations with the ERA5 reanalysis to provide a climatological characterization of rainfall occurrence over Antarctica. Along the East Antarctic coast, liquid precipitation occurs 22 days per year at most and coincides with maritime intrusions and blocking anticyclones. Over the north-western Antarctic Peninsula, rainfall occurs more than 50 days per year on average and the recent summer cooling was accompanied by a decrease of −35 annual rainy days per decade between 1998 and 2015 at Faraday-Vernadsky. Projections from seven latest-generation climate models reveal that Antarctic coasts will experience a warming and more frequent and intense rainfall by the end of the century. Rainfall is expected to impact new regions of the continent, increasing their vulnerability to melting by the preconditioning of surface snow. |
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1013,1143 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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7935 |
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Author |
Ménot, R.P. |
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Title |
The Geology of East Antarctica (between ∼85° E and ∼145° E), in Geology of the Antarctic Continent |
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Year |
2021 |
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Geology of the antarctic continent. e.schweizerbart’sche verlag., stuttgart, |
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322-393 |
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This chapter treats the Antarctic region facing West and South Australia, approximately from 85° E to 145° E (Fig. 1-1), i.e. the easternmost province of the “East Antarctic Shield” (see chapters 1.2/1.2.1). Therefore, the following major areas will be described: from West to East, Kaiser-Wilhelm-II.-Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Terre Adélie and western George V Land. Eastern George V Land and northern Victoria Land are excluded from this review as they can be regarded as the foreland of the Transantarctic Mountains geological domain (chapters 4 and 5). |
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1003 |
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978-3-443-11034-5 |
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yes |
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8296 |
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