| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
The Marine Vegetation of the Kerguelen Islands: History of Scientific Campaigns, Inventory of the Flora and First Analysis of Its Biogeographical Affinities |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Cryptogamie, Algologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
173-216 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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Programme  |
1044 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0181-1568, 1776-0984 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8440 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
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Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
103 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e3611 |
| Keywords |
Antarctica Asteroidea benthos biometric measurements Echinodermata elemental contents invertebrates marine ecosystems sea stars Southern Ocean stable isotopes subantarctic Islands |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1044 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1939-9170 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8445 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Alain Royer, Florent Domine, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Nicolas Marchand, Gautier Davesne |
| Title |
New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-18 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1042 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1195-6860 |
ISBN |
1195-6860 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7971 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Snow hardness impacts intranivean locomotion of arctic small mammals |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e03835 |
| Keywords |
Arctic burrowing behavior digging fossorial hardness lemming locomotion rain-on-snow rodent snow subnivean tunnel |
| Abstract |
Fossorial locomotion is often considered as the most energetically costly of all terrestrial locomotion. Small arctic rodents, such as lemmings, dig tunnels not only in the soil but also through the snowpack, which is present for over 8 months of the year. Lemmings typically dig in the softest snow layer called the depth hoar but with climate change, melt-freeze and rain-on-snow (ROS) events are expected to increase in the Arctic, leading to a higher frequency of hardened snowpacks. We assessed the impacts of snow hardness on the locomotion of two lemming species showing different morphological adaptations for digging. We hypothesized that an increase in snow hardness would (1) decrease lemming performance and (2) increase their effort while digging, but those responses would differ between lemming species. We exposed four brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) and three collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) to snow of different hardness (soft, hard, and ROS) during 30-min trials (n = 63 trials) in a cold room and filmed their behavior. We found that the digging speed and tunnel length of both species decreased with snow hardness and density, underlining the critical role of snow properties in affecting lemming digging performance. During the ROS trials, time spent digging by lemmings increased considerably and they also started using their incisors to help break the hard snow, validating our second hypothesis. Overall, digging performance was higher in collared lemmings, the species showing more morphological adaptations to digging, than in brown lemmings. We conclude that the digging performance of lemming is highly dependent on snowpack hardness and that the anticipated increase in ROS events may pose a critical energetic challenge for arctic rodent populations. |
| Programme |
1042 |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2150-8925 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8028 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
The biology and feeding ecology of Arctic charr in the Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Fish Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
98 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
526-536 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1041 |
| Campaign |
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Thesis |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1095-8649 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8178 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Using Reciprocal Transplants to Assess Local Adaptation, Genetic Rescue, and Sexual Selection in Newly Established Populations |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Genes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5 |
| Keywords |
gene flow genetic rescue local adaptation mating success small population |
| Abstract |
Small populations establishing on colonization fronts have to adapt to novel environments with limited genetic variation. The pace at which they can adapt, and the influence of genetic variation on their success, are key questions for understanding intraspecific diversity. To investigate these topics, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment between two recently founded populations of brown trout in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands. Using individual tagging and genetic assignment methods, we tracked the fitness of local and foreign individuals, as well as the fitness of their offspring over two generations. In both populations, although not to the same extent, gene flow occurred between local and foreign gene pools. In both cases, however, we failed to detect obvious footprints of local adaptation (which should limit gene flow) and only weak support for genetic rescue (which should enhance gene flow). In the population where gene flow from foreign individuals was low, no clear differences were observed between the fitness of local, foreign, and F1 hybrid individuals. In the population where gene flow was high, foreign individuals were successful due to high mating success rather than high survival, and F1 hybrids had the same fitness as pure local offspring. These results suggest the importance of considering sexual selection, rather than just local adaptation and genetic rescue, when evaluating the determinants of success in small and recently founded populations. |
| Programme |
1041 |
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ISBN |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8179 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Marine habitat use and feeding ecology of introduced anadromous brown trout at the colonization front of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11917 |
| Keywords |
Animal migration Behavioural ecology Ecology Stable isotope analysis |
| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1041 |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-2322 |
ISBN |
2045-2322 |
Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8180 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Lucie Aulus-Giacosa |
| Title |
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Type |
Thesis |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1041 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8354 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
20210366 |
| Keywords |
brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic |
| Abstract |
Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process. |
| Programme |
1041 |
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| Address |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8373 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Impact of socio-economic traditions on current tobacco and tea addictions (Siberia 17th to 20th century) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Medrxiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Objective To investigate how tobacco and tea spread among virgin populations and how the first addictions have subsequently influenced the behavior of present-day populations. Design Retrospective observational study using data from frozen burials and levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine measured in hair samples from frozen bodies of autochthonous people. Confrontation of the results with new ethnobotanical, historical and cultural data from the past and with present day epidemiological data from the same region. Setting Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) from the contact with Europeans (17th century) to the assimilation of people into Russian society (19th century). Participants 47 frozen bodies of autochthonous people from eastern Siberia and a review of present-day populations from Yakutia Intervention Levels of theobromine, theophylline, caffeine, nicotine, and cotinine were measured in hair samples. Along with the collection of cultural data associated with the bodies, potential comorbidities were investigated. Main outcome measure We combined LC-HRMS and LC-MS/MS tools for toxicological investigations in hair and we assessed the association between xenobiotic concentrations and geography using several permutation-based methods to infer the economic circuits of tobacco and tea. Comparison of the results obtained with ethno-botanical analyses allowed to identify the products from which the metabolites were derived. Results Hair levels of theobromine, theophylline and caffeine vary with the type of beverage consumed: green, black or local herbal teas. At the beginning of our study period, a few heavy consumers of tobacco were found among light or passive consumers. Tobacco-related co-morbidities began to be recorded one century after contact with Europeans. Heavy tea users were only found from the 19th century and the heaviest users of the two substances date from this century. After the first contact, teas were widely consumed as beverages and medicines but also for shamanic reasons. Economic factors, fashion and social and family contacts seem to have played a decisive role in tobacco consumption very early on. Conclusion Epidemiological characteristics of present-day Yakutia suggest that the high prevalence of smokers and tea consumers, the prevalence of female smokers and tobacco use in the north, find their origins in the diffusion phenomena of the 18th and 19th century. Behavioral evolution governed the process of substance integration and was determinant for the continuity of use of these substances over a long period of time. |
| Programme |
1038 |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7952 |
| Permanent link to this record |
