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Author |
Genthon C, Six D, Scarchilli C, Ciardini V, Frezzotti M, |
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Title |
Meteorological and snow accumulation gradients across Dome C, East Antarctic plateau |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Journal of Climatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
455-466 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic plateau, surface meteorology, surface mass balance, spatial gradients, |
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Abstract |
In situ observations show that snow accumulation is 10% larger 25 km north than south of the summit of Dome C on the east antarctic plateau. The mean wind direction is southerly. Although a slight slope-related diverging katabatic flow component is detectable, the area is an essentially flat (10 m elevation change or less) homogeneous snow surface. The European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts meteorological analyses data reproduce a significant accumulation gradient and suggest that 90% of the the mean accumulation results from the 25% largest precipitation events. During these events, air masses originate from coastal areas in the north rather than from inland in the south. Radiative cooling condensation occurs on the way across the dome and as the moisture reservoir is depleted less snow is dumped 25 km south than north, with little direct impact from the local (50-km scale) topography. Air masses are warmer on average, and warmer north than south, when originating from the coast. This marginally affects the mean temperature gradients. The moisture gradients are more affected because moisture is nonlinearly related to temperature: the mean atmospheric moisture is larger north than south. Significant meteorological and hydrological gradients over such relatively small distances (50 km) over locally flat region may be an issue when interpreting ice cores: although cores are drilled at the top of domes and ridges where the slopes and elevation gradients are minimal, they sample small surfaces in areas affected by significant meteorological and hydrological spatial gradients. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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1097-0088 |
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yes |
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6302 |
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Author |
Gallée, H., S. Preunkert, S. Argentini, M. M. Frey, C. Genthon, B. Jourdain, I. Pietroni, G. Casasanta, H. Barral, E. Vignon, and M. Legrand |
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Title |
Characterization of the boundary layer at Dome C (East Antarctica) during the OPALE summer campaign |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
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Pages |
6225-6236 |
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Abstract |
Regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) was run for the region of Dome C located on the East Antarctic plateau, during Antarctic summer 2011–2012, in order to refine our understanding of meteorological conditions during the OPALE tropospheric chemistry campaign. A very high vertical resolution is set up in the lower troposphere, with a grid spacing of roughly 2 m. Model output is compared with temperatures and winds observed near the surface and from a 45 m high tower as well as sodar and radiation data. MAR is generally in very good agreement with the observations, but sometimes underestimates cloud formation, leading to an underestimation of the simulated downward long-wave radiation. Absorbed short-wave radiation may also be slightly overestimated due to an underestimation of the snow albedo, and this influences the surface energy budget and atmospheric turbulence. Nevertheless, the model provides sufficiently reliable information about surface turbulent fluxes, vertical profiles of vertical diffusion coefficients and boundary layer height when discussing the representativeness of chemical measurements made nearby the ground surface during field campaigns conducted at Concordia station located at Dome C (3233 m above sea level). |
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1013 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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6311 |
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Author |
Amory, C., A. Trouvilliez, H. Gallée, F. Naaim-Bouvet, C. Genthon, V. favier, C. Agosta, L. Piard, and H. bellot |
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Title |
Comparison of aeolian snow transport events and snow mass fluxes between observations and simulations made by the regional climate model MAR in Adélie Land, East Antarctica |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
9 |
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Pages |
1373-1383 |
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Abstract |
Using the original setup described in Gallée et al. (2013), the MAR regional climate model including a coupled snowpack/aeolian snow transport parameterization, was run at a fine spatial (5 km horizontal and 2 m vertical) resolution over 1 summer month in coastal Adélie Land. Different types of feedback were taken into account in MAR including drag partitioning caused by surface roughness elements. Model outputs are compared with observations made at two coastal locations, D17 and D47, situated respectively 10 and 100 km inland. Wind speed was correctly simulated with positive values of the Nash test (0.60 for D17 and 0.37 for D47) but wind velocities above 10 m s−1 were underestimated at both D17 and D47; at D47, the model consistently underestimated wind velocity by 2 m s−1. Aeolian snow transport events were correctly reproduced with the right timing and a good temporal resolution at both locations except when the maximum particle height was less than 1 m. The threshold friction velocity, evaluated only at D17 for a 7-day period without snowfall, was overestimated. The simulated aeolian snow mass fluxes between 0 and 2 m at D47 displayed the same variations but were underestimated compared to the second-generation FlowCaptTM values, as was the simulated relative humidity at 2 m above the surface. As a result, MAR underestimated the total aeolian horizontal snow transport for the first 2 m above the ground by a factor of 10 compared to estimations by the second-generation FlowCaptTM. The simulation was significantly improved at D47 if a 1-order decrease in the magnitude of z0 was accounted for, but agreement with observations was reduced at D17. Our results suggest that z0 may vary regionally depending on snowpack properties, which are involved in different types of feedback between aeolian transport of snow and z0. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6312 |
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Author |
Rysman, J.F., S. Verrier, A. Lahellec, and C. Genthon |
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Title |
Analysis of boundary layer statistical properties at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Boundary-Layer Meteorology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0006-8314 |
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Volume |
156 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145-155 |
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Abstract |
The atmospheric boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau is unique on account of its isolated location and extreme stability. Here we investigate the characteristics of the boundary layer using wind and temperature measurements from a 45-m high tower located at Dome C. First, spectral analysis reveals that both fields have a scaling behaviour from 30 min to 10 days (spectral slope β≈2β≈2\beta \approx 2). Wind and temperature time series also show a multifractal behaviour. Therefore, it is possible to fit the moment-scaling function to the universal multifractal model and obtain multifractal parameters for temperature (α≈1.51,C1≈0.14α≈1.51,C1≈0.14\alpha \approx 1.51,\, C1\approx 0.14) and wind speed (α≈1.34,C1≈0.13α≈1.34,C1≈0.13\alpha \approx 1.34, \, C1\approx 0.13). The same analysis is repeated separately in winter and summer at six different heights. The ββ\beta parameter shows a strong stratification with height especially in summer, implying that properties of turbulence change surprisingly rapidly from the ground to the top of the tower. |
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1013 |
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0006-8314 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6313 |
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Author |
Arisitidi, E., J. vernin, F.-X. Schmider, T. Travouillon, C. Pouzenc, O. traullé, C. Genthon, A. Agabi, E. Bondoux, Z. Chalita, and D. Mearnia |
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Title |
Monitoring the optical turbulence in the surface layer at Dome C, Antarctica, with sonic anemometers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Volume |
454 |
Issue |
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Pages |
4304-4315 |
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Programme |
1013 |
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ISSN |
0035-8711 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6314 |
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Author |
Palerme Cyril, Genthon Christophe, Claud Chantal, Kay Jennifer E, Wood Norman B, LEcuyer Tristan, |
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Title |
Evaluation of current and projected Antarctic precipitation in CMIP5 models |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Climate Dynamics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
225-239 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
On average, the models in the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project archive predict an increase in Antarctic precipitation from 5.5 to 24.5 % between 1986–2005 and 2080–2099, depending on greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. This translates into a moderation of future sea level rise ranging from −19 to −71 mm between 2006 and 2099. However, comparison with CloudSat and ERA-Interim data show that almost all the models overestimate current Antarctic precipitation, some by more than 100 %. If only the models that agree with CloudSat data within 20 % of error are considered, larger precipitation changes (from 7.4 to 29.3 %) and impact on sea level (from −25 to −85 mm) are predicted. A common practice of averaging all models to evaluate climate projections thus leads to a significant underestimation of the contribution of Antarctic precipitation to future sea level. Models simulate, on average, a 7.4 %/°C precipitation change with surface temperature warming. The models in better agreement with CloudSat observations for Antarctic snowfall predict, on average, larger temperature and Antarctic sea ice cover changes, which could explain the larger changes in Antarctic precipitation simulated by these models. The agreement between the models, CloudSat data and ERA-Interim is generally less in the interior of Antarctica than at the peripheries, but the interior is also where climate change will induce the smallest absolute change in precipitation. About three-quarters of the impact on sea level will result from precipitation change over the half most peripheral and lowest elevation part of the surface of Antarctica. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
1432-0894 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6315 |
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Author |
Rysman, J.-F., A. Lahellec, E. Vignon, C. Genthon, and S. Verrier |
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Title |
Characterisation of atmospheric Ekman Spirals at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Boundary-layer meteorology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
160 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
363-373 |
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Programme |
1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0006-8314 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6500 |
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Author |
M. Casado, A. Landais, G. Picard, T. Münch, T. Laepple, B. Stenni, G. Dreossi, A. Ekaykin, L. Arnaud, C. Genthon, A. Touzeau, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Jouzel |
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Title |
Archival of the water stable isotope signal in East Antarctic ice cores |
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Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The cryosphere discuss. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2016 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-33 |
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Abstract |
The oldest ice core records are obtained from the East Antarctic plateau. Water stable isotopes records are key for reconstructions of past climatic conditions both over the ice sheet and at the evaporation source. The accuracy of such climate reconstructions crucially depends on the knowledge of all the processes affecting the water vapour, precipitation and snow isotopic composition. Atmospheric fractionation processes are well understood and can be integrated in Rayleigh distillation and complex isotope enabled climate models. However, a comprehensive quantitative understanding of processes potentially altering the snow isotopic composition after the deposition is still missing, especially for exchanges between vapour and snow. In low accumulation sites such as found on the East Antarctic Plateau, these poorly constrained processes are especially likely to play a significant role. This limits the interpretation of isotopic composition from ice core records, specifically at short time scales. Here, we combine observations of isotopic composition in the vapour, the precipitation, the surface snow and the buried snow from various sites of the East Antarctic Plateau. At the seasonal scale, we highlight a significant impact of metamorphism on surface snow isotopic signal compared to the initial precipitation isotopic signal. In particular, in summer, exchanges of water molecules between vapour and snow are driven by the sublimation/condensation cycles at the diurnal scale. Using highly resolved isotopic composition profiles from pits in five East Antarctic sites, we identify a common 20 cm cycle which cannot be attributed to the seasonal variability of precipitation. Altogether, the smaller range of isotopic compositions observed in the buried and in the surface snow compared to the precipitation, and also the reduced slope between surface snow isotopic composition and temperature compared to precipitation, constitute evidences of post-deposition processes affecting the variability of the isotopic composition in the snow pack. To reproduce these processes in snow-models is crucial to understand the link between snow isotopic composition and climatic conditions and to improve the interpretation of isotopic composition as a paleoclimate proxy. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
1994-0440 |
ISBN |
1994-0440 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6569 |
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Author |
Bas J. H. Van de Wiel, Etienne Vignon, Peter Baas, Ivo G. S. van Hooijdonk, Steven J. A. van der Linden, J. Antoon van Hooft, Fred C. Bosveld, Stefan R. de Roode, Arnold F. Moene, Christophe Genthon |
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Title |
Regime Transitions in Near-Surface Temperature Inversions: A Conceptual Model |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of the atmospheric sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
74 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1057-1073 |
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Abstract |
A conceptual model is used in combination with observational analysis to understand regime transitions of near-surface temperature inversions at night as well as in Arctic conditions. The model combines a surface energy budget with a bulk parameterization for turbulent heat transport. Energy fluxes or feedbacks due to soil and radiative heat transfer are accounted for by a ?lumped parameter closure,? which represents the ?coupling strength? of the system.Observations from Cabauw, Netherlands, and Dome C, Antarctica, are analyzed. As expected, inversions are weak for strong winds, whereas large inversions are found under weak-wind conditions. However, a sharp transition is found between those regimes, as it occurs within a narrow wind range. This results in a typical S-shaped dependency. The conceptual model explains why this characteristic must be a robust feature. Differences between the Cabauw and Dome C cases are explained from differences in coupling strength (being weaker in the Antarctic). For comparison, a realistic column model is run. As findings are similar to the simple model and the observational analysis, it suggests generality of the results.Theoretical analysis reveals that, in the transition zone near the critical wind speed, the response time of the system to perturbations becomes large. As resilience to perturbations becomes weaker, it may explain why, within this wind regime, an increase of scatter is found. Finally, the so-called heat flux duality paradox is analyzed. It is explained why numerical simulations with prescribed surface fluxes show a dynamical response different from more realistic surface-coupled systems. |
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1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0022-4928 |
ISBN |
0022-4928 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6570 |
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Author |
C. Genthon, L. Piard, E. Vignon, J.-B. Madeleine, M. Casado, H. Gallée |
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Title |
Atmospheric moisture supersaturation in the near-surface atmosphere at Dome C, Antarctic Plateau |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Atmos. chem. phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
691-704 |
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Abstract |
Supersaturation often occurs at the top of the troposphere where cirrus clouds form, but is comparatively unusual near the surface where the air is generally warmer and laden with liquid and/or ice condensation nuclei. One exception is the surface of the high Antarctic Plateau. One year of atmospheric moisture measurement at the surface of Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau is presented. The measurements are obtained using commercial hygrometry sensors modified to allow air sampling without affecting the moisture content, even in the case of supersaturation. Supersaturation is found to be very frequent. Common unadapted hygrometry sensors generally fail to report supersaturation, and most reports of atmospheric moisture on the Antarctic Plateau are thus likely biased low. The measurements are compared with results from two models implementing cold microphysics parameterizations: the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts through its operational analyses, and the Model Atmosphérique Régional. As in the observations, supersaturation is frequent in the models but the statistical distribution differs both between models and observations and between the two models, leaving much room for model improvement. This is unlikely to strongly affect estimations of surface sublimation because supersaturation is more frequent as temperature is lower, and moisture quantities and thus water fluxes are small anyway. Ignoring supersaturation may be a more serious issue when considering water isotopes, a tracer of phase change and temperature, largely used to reconstruct past climates and environments from ice cores. Because observations are easier in the surface atmosphere, longer and more continuous in situ observation series of atmospheric supersaturation can be obtained than higher in the atmosphere to test parameterizations of cold microphysics, such as those used in the formation of high-altitude cirrus clouds in meteorological and climate models. |
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1013 |
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ISSN |
1680-7324 |
ISBN |
1680-7324 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6573 |
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