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Anzhou Cao, Zheng Guo, Xiaoyu Qi, Peiliang Li, Hailun He |
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Title |
Seasonal and nodal variations of predominant tidal constituents in the global ocean |
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2021 |
Publication |
Continental Shelf Research |
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217 |
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104372 |
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Fitting Modified two-step harmonic analysis Nodal modulation Seasonal variation Tide gauge Tides |
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Tides are one of the basic types of ocean water motions. Previous studies have reported that the M2 constituent exhibits seasonal variations (annual cycles) in some regions. However, based on the newly proposed method of modified two-step harmonic analysis (HA) and its application at 240 global tide gauges, we find that the M2 constituent as well as the S2 and K1 do not have significant seasonal variations at these tide gauges. The seasonal variations of the M2 constituent reported in previous studies are caused by its satellites, the H1 and H2 constituents, which are not resolved in these studies due to the short time window (one month or three months) used in HA. Because the frequency of the H1 (H2) constituent is equal to that of the M2 minus (plus) the frequency of annual cycles, the superposition of the M2, H1 and H2 constituents with constant amplitudes is equivalent to the M2 constituent with seasonally varying amplitudes. Compared with the new method, some adaptations to traditional HA aiming to capture variations in amplitudes and phase lags of constituents have some limitations, because they either neglect some satellites of the major constitutes or introduce spurious fluctuations resulting from an unreasonably large number of independent points. The nodal modulations of predominant constituents are also explored in this study. On the global scale, the nodal modulations of the M2, K1 and O1 constituents agree with the theoretical predictions, except a cold spot region with reduced nodal modulation in the Gulf of Maine and a hot spot region with enhanced nodal modulation in the South China Sea for the M2. Nodal modulation is also found for the S2 constituent (in theory, the S2 has no nodal modulation), which is 0.8% averaged at 164 tide gauges where the S2 is not too weak. |
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8032 |
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Mccoy, Kd |
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Tick and tick-borne disease circulation in a changing marine ecosystem |
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2021 |
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In “Climate, Ticks and Disease” ed. Pat Nuttall, University of Oxford, UK, CABI Climate Change Series |
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This Book Brings Together Expert Opinions From Scientists To Consider The Evidence For Climate Change And Its Impacts On Ticks And Tick-borne Infections, And Provide Predictions For The Future. It Considers What Is Meant By 'Climate Change', How Good Are Climate Models Relevant To Ecosystems, And Predictions For Changes In Climate At Global, Regional, And Local Scales Relevant For Ticks And Tick-borne Infections. It Examines Changes To Tick Distribution And The Evidence That Climate Change Is Responsible. The Effect Of Climate On The Physiology And Metabolism Of Ticks, Including Potentially Critical Impacts On The Tick Microbiome Is Stressed. Given That The Notoriety Of Ticks Derives From Pathogens They Transmit, Do Changes In Climate Affect Vector Capacity? Ticks Transmit A Remarkable Range Of Micro- And Macro-parasites Many Of Which Are Pathogens Of Humans And Domesticated Animals. The Intimacy Between Tick-borne Agent And Tick Vector Means That Any Impacts Of Climate On A Tick Vector Will Impact Tick-borne Pathogens. Most Obviously, Such Impacts Will Be Apparent As Changes In Disease Incidence And Prevalence. The Evidence That Climate Change Is Affecting Diseases Caused By Tick-borne Pathogens Is Considered, Along With The Potential To Make Robust Predictions Of Future Events. |
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333 |
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9781789249637 |
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8036 |
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Christophe Sauser, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud |
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Title |
Demographic sensitivity to environmental forcings: a multi-trait, multi-colony approach |
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2021 |
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Oikos |
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130 |
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6 |
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943-957 |
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109 |
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1600-0706 |
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1600-0706 |
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yes |
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8039 |
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Title |
Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird |
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2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
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17 |
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6 |
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20210097 |
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breeding success climate window analysis emperor penguin nonlinear effect sea ice |
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In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability. Understanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world's longest dataset of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding parameters, we?studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI and weather conditions on?this?species' reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive to LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change. |
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109 |
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yes |
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8040 |
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Hippolyte LEURIDAN (based in LSCE, internship will be supervised both by LSCE - Michel RAMONET -, and IGE - Olivier MAGAND-, laboratories) |
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Title |
Investigation of Radon measurements as a tracer of atmospheric mercury sources using Amsterdam Island records (Indian Ocean) |
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Master 2 |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Internship from soac master (air quality thema) |
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Since The Signature Of The Minamata Convention On Mercury In 2017, National Regulation Coordinated At An International Level Will Come Into Force In Order To Limit Anthropogenic Emissions And Therefore Protect The Human Health And Ecosystem From This Highly Toxic Pollutant. One Need To Evaluate The Efficiency Of National Measures, And Long-term Monitoring Of Atmospheric Mercury (Hg) Is An Important Tool To Address The Changes Over Time Of Emission Sources, Transport, And Deposition Patterns.the Global Mercury Observation System (Gmos) Project Was Funded By The European Commission (Http://www.gmos.eu) And Started In November 2010 With The Overall Goal To Develop A Coordinated Global Observing System To Monitor Hg On A Global Scale, Including A Large Network Of Ground-based Monitoring Stations. To Date, More Than 40 Ground-based Monitoring Sites Constitute The Global Network Covering Many Regions Where Little To No Observational Data Were Available Before Gmos (Sprovieri Et Al., 2016). All Gmos Work Is Now Continued In The Framework Of The International Frame Work Of Gos4m (Global Observation System For Mercury – Http://www.gos4m.org)although Essential To Fully Understand The Cycling Of Mercury At The Global Scale, Mercury Species Records In The Southern Hemisphere Were Really Scarce Before Gmos. In This Context, An Atmospheric Mercury Monitoring Station Has Been Set Up On Amsterdam Island (37?48 S, 77?34 E) In The Remote Southern Indian Ocean In 2012. Since 2012, We Continuously Measured Gaseous Mercury Species With A 15 Min Frequency. Angot Et Al. (2014) Discussed The First Two Years Of This Record, Using Principally Wind Sector Analysis And Air Mass Back Trajectories. They Also Include In Their Analysis The Unique Continuous Record Of Radon 222 And 220 (Thoron) (Polian Et Al., 1986; Kritz Et Al., 1990). Radon 222 And 220 (Thoron) Activities Can Be Used To Distinguish Local Soil Outgassing From Remote Continental Source. Combined With Meteorological Data, The Change Of Activities Are Then Powerful Tool To Classify Air Mass Origin For The Atmospheric Gaseous Mercury Record. Rapid And Sharp Variations Of Radon 222 Activity, Referred To As &Ldquo;radonic Storms” (Lambert Et Al., 1970) And Ascribed To Strong Continental Air Mass Advection, Are Then Observed At Amsterdam Island. The Occurrence Of Radonic Storms Was Estimated To Be About 4 % In 2012 And 7 % In 2013. Considering The Works Realized In 2014, The Goal Of This Internship Is To Deeper Explore The Relationships Between The Collected Gaseous Elemental Mercury And Observed Radon (222rn / 220rn) Activities In The Entire Data Set. In Particular, We Will Study The Specific And Coupled Trend Of These Compounds, The Frequency And Intensity Of Radonic Storm Occurrence And Their Potential Link With The Gaseous Elemental Mercury Cycle. Local Meteorology Data As Well As Backtrajectories Simulation (Hysplit And/or Flexpart Model) Will Be Also Used. |
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1028 |
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8055 |
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Cyrielle Solis (Based In Lsce, Internship Will Be Supervised Both By Lsce - Amaelle Landais, Françoise Vimeux -, And Ige - Olivier Magand-, Laboratories) |
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Title |
Isotopic signature of atmospheric dynamics on the island of Amsterdam and link to large-scale moisture transport |
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Master 2 |
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2021 |
Publication |
Internship from man and biosphere master |
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Climate And Water Cycle Reconstruction Over The Last Centuries And Prediction Should Be Improved In The Southern Hemisphere (E.g. Last Ipcc Report). First, Direct Observations Are Scarce (E.g. In Antarctica, Mainly Basic Automatic Weather Station – Aws – Only Since The 50’s And Satellite Observations). As A Consequence, Climate And Water Cycle Reconstructions Are Largely Dependent On Proxy Measurements Such As Water Isotopes In Polar Ice Cores, Even Over The Last Century. Second, Climate And Water Cycle Reconstructions Using Models Should Be Improved. In Particular, Problems Have Been Identified For (1) Estimation Of Precipitation Amounts (Large Discrepancies Among Models Over The Austral Ocean And The Ice-sheet), (2) Description Of Particular Atmospheric Processes Associated With Cloud Microphysics And Exchanges Between Surface And Atmosphere In Polar Regions And (3) Seasonal To Interannual Evolution Of The Locations Of The Westerlies And Subtropical Jet And Associated Air Mass Trajectories. The Last Aspect Has Important Direct Consequences For The Atmospheric Dynamics In This Region But Also Indirect Consequences Such As The Links Between Westerlies, Co2 Outgassing And Sea Ice Extent In The Austral Ocean (Saunders Et Al. 2018; Menviel Et Al. 2018; Holland And Kwok, 2012). With The Objectives To Provide (1) A Better Description Of Water Cycle Dynamic In The Southern Ocean At Annual And Interannual Scales And (2) An Improved Transfer Function Between Climate / Water Cycle And Water Isotopes In This Region, A Bunch Of Instruments Measuring Continuously The Isotopic Composition Of Water In The Water Vapor And In The Precipitation Has Been Installed Over The Last Years Along A Transect From La Réunion To Antarctica.first Results From The Antarctic Instruments Reveal Clear Isotopic Signatures Of Large Scale Water Cycle Features Such As Atmospheric Rivers Dominating The Surface Mass Balance In Antarctica. In La Réunion, An Extensive Study Of The Drivers Of The Isotopic Composition Of The Water Vapor Showed That The Influence Of The Subtropical Westerly Jet Dominates The Water Isotopic Signal At Night. To Connect The Two Regions, An Instrument Is Running On Amsterdam Island Since November 2019 With First Results Showing A Clear Isotopic Signature During The High Pressure And Low Pressure Synoptic Events. Still, No In-depth Study Of The Data Trying To Connect The Isotopic Record In Amsterdam Island To Larger Scale Patterns Of The Water Cycle Has Been Initiated.the Goal Of This Internship Is To Provide The First Analyses Of The Isotopic (Water Vapor And Precipitation) Records On Amsterdam Island With A Comparison With Meteorological Data And Environmental Data Collected In Parallel On The Observatory Of Amsterdam Island (E.g. Gaseous Elemental Mercury). After These First Analyses Of The Data, Comparisons Will Be Performed With Water Isotopic Records In La Réunion Over Selected Events (Subtropical Jet Or Cold Fronts Intrusions). This Study Will Involve Analyses Of Meteorological Maps As Well As Backtrajectories.this Internship Requires Skills For (Python Or R Languages) And Involves Large Interactions Within A Large Research Team. |
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8056 |
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Mercury in precipitated and surface snow at Dome C and a first estimate of mercury depositional fluxes during the Austral summer on the high Antarctic plateau |
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2021 |
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Atmospheric Environment |
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262 |
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118634 |
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Atmospheric conditions High resolution sampling Snow scavenging factor Snow sublimation |
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1028 |
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1352-2310 |
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8057 |
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Biological invasions in France: Alarming costs and even more alarming knowledge gaps |
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2021 |
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NeoBiota |
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67 |
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191-224 |
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136 |
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1314-2488 |
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8094 |
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Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa |
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2021 |
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iScience |
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24 |
Issue |
4 |
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102221 |
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Animals Biological Sciences Ecology Ethology Zoology |
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Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation. |
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2589-0042 |
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8095 |
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Author |
Buscetti, M. |
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Title |
Influence of geomagnetic storms on seismometers |
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Master 2 |
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2021 |
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Eost, Strasbourg |
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139 |
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8099 |
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