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Garcin N, Viblanc VA, Schull Q, Michaux D, Reichert S, Robin JP, Bize P, Stier A |
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Title |
Naturally equipped to resist stress |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Society for experimental biology annual conference. poster. actes du colloque |
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Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and environmental contexts. Although the acute release of glucocorticoids in response to unpredictable environmental conditions may lead to adaptative behavioral and physiological responses, exposure to high glucocorticoid levels on the long-term usually leads to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Yet, some species may be more adapted to cope with challenging events than others and might naturally possess protective mechanisms limiting the adverse consequences of prolonged exposure to high glucocorticoid levels. King penguin chicks being naturally exposed to harsh weather, prolonged fasting and constant predation pressure, we investigated the life-history, behavioral and physiological consequences of an experimental increase in corticosterone levels on the medium and long-term (after removing implants), predicting to find relatively few costs associated with such treatment. Although non-significant, CORT-treated chicks were slightly larger, fledged slightly earlier and had slightly higher survival chances than placebo chicks. CORT-treated chicks were significantly more aggressive and displayed lower corticosterone response to acute stress on the medium term, while their physical activity and whole-body energetics were not significantly affected. While mitochondrial density was not significantly affected by the CORT treatment, CORT-treated chicks had lower oxidative stress levels on the long-term than placebo ones, and no significant impact was observed on telomere shortening. Finally, the expression of several genes (i.e. CORT receptor, HSP90, mTOR, NRF2 and TERF2) was up regulated in treated chicks, which could potentially mediate the apparent ‘stress’ resistance we observed at the phenotypic level. |
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119 |
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yes |
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8454 |
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Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Fabrice Le Bouard, Roald Harivel, Jérémie Demay, Adrien Chaigne, Thierry Micol |
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Title |
Seabird population changes following mammal eradication at oceanic Saint-Paul Island, Indian Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal for Nature Conservation |
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Volume |
63 |
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Pages |
126049 |
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Keywords |
Island restoration Petrels Population growth rate Rats Shearwaters Terns |
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Abstract |
The eradication of invasive mammals on islands is important for protecting seabird populations and insular ecosystems. However, the impacts of such eradications are insufficiently known because monitoring of potentially beneficiary species is often sporadic and limited. We performed a survey of all seabird species on Saint-Paul Island, southern Indian Ocean, 20 years after successful eradication of invasive black rat (Rattus rattus) and European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Using complementary sampling designs including adaptive cluster sampling, stratified random sampling and entire sampling, we estimated population changes and colonization by new seabird species. A total of 13 seabird species were found breeding on Saint-Paul post-eradication compared to six before the eradication. Among the seven species that colonized the island, five (MacGillivray’s prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, fairy prion P. turtur, white-bellied storm petrel Fregetta grallaria, Antarctic tern Sterna vittata, sooty tern Onychoprion fuscatus) had relictual populations breeding on a nearby islet, and one (brown skua Catharacta antarctica) was a new breeding species. We also found breeding subantarctic little shearwaters Puffinus elegans. For species that were breeding on the Saint Paul pre-eradication, the mean annual population growth rate was 1.030 ± 0.093 (SE). Species known to be vulnerable to rat predation (prions, great-winged petrel Pterodroma macroptera, flesh-footed shearwater Puffinus carneipes, subantarctic little shearwater, white-bellied storm petrel, Antarctic tern) had the highest population growth rates. Two decades after the eradication of invasive mammals on a remote oceanic island, seabird populations were high beneficiaries. These findings further highlight the importance of invasive mammal eradication on islands as a conservation tool. Results are encouraging for the planned eradication of invasive mammals from nearby Amsterdam Island, and suggest this will mainly benefit terns and small burrowing petrels. |
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109 |
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1617-1381 |
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yes |
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8459 |
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Author |
Samuel Veilleux, Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry |
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Title |
Snow cornice and snow avalanche monitoring using automatic time lapse cameras in Tasiapik Valley, Nunavik (Québec) during the winter of 2017–2018 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
798-812 |
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Abstract |
A series of automatic time-lapse cameras installed along the southwestern side of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, Nunavik (northern Québec) documented several departure modes and types of snow involved in snow avalanches during winter 2017–2018. These included cornice–avalanche dynamics, slab and loose snow avalanches, and clean and dirty snow avalanches. At the top of the selected slope, a camera monitored the development of a snow cornice beginning in November 2017, detecting multiple cornice failures over the winter and spring. The track and deposition area of the runout paths were monitored from two cameras downslope, revealing the concomitance of snow–cornice fall and snow avalanche triggering. Snow avalanche activity remained relatively infrequent until the end of May 2018. Spring snow avalanche activity is characterized by wet and dirty snow avalanches carrying debris to the foot of the slope and by runout zones located near the road along the slope. |
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1148 |
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yes |
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8461 |
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Author |
Armelle Decaulne, Najat Bhiry, Fabienne Joliet, Laine Chanteloup, Thora Martina Herrmann, Bruno Persat, Daniel Germain, Orsane Rousset |
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Title |
TAKUJUQ: Where Art and Science meet in Nunavik |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Tagralik Magazine |
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The TUKISIK (Tukisigasuaqatigit: Understanding together) is a scientific program, ongoing since 2014, concerning human-environment interactions, reinforcing links between scientists and several communities. |
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1148 |
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yes |
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8471 |
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Author |
Maurice Hullé, Philippe Vernon |
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Title |
Terrestrial macro-arthropods of the sub-Antarctic islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen: inventory of native and non-native species |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Zoosystema |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
549-561 |
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Abstract |
The sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean harbor biogeographically peculiar biotas which are under threat from climate change, biological invasions and their interactions. Understanding both the indigenous and changing non-indigenous components of these islands is essential for the conservation and management of their biotas. Based on several years of systematic sampling, we present an updated list of terrestrial, free-living macro-invertebrates (insects and spiders) present on the islands of Possession (Crozet Archipelago) and Kerguelen. Ninety-four species were recorded in total on both islands. Forty-one are strictly endemic to one of the two islands, 16 are endemic to the South Indian Ocean Province, and only three were recorded on other sub-Antarctic islands. Beetles and more particularly weevils are the most characteristic group of the fauna of these islands: they include 35 species of which 89% are native and 66% are endemic. One third of the species (30 of 94) are non-indigenous species now naturalized. We discuss these results in terms of biogeography, ecological disharmony and impact of biological invasions. |
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136 |
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1280-9551, 1638-9387 |
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yes |
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8472 |
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Author |
David Grémillet |
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Title |
The Ocean's Whistleblower: The Remarkable Life and Work of Daniel Pauly |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Greystone books ltd. |
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349p |
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“[Daniel Pauly] is an iconoclastic fisheries scientist ... who is so decidedly global in his life and outlook that he is nearly a man without a country.”—NEW YORK TIMES “Daniel Pauly is a friend whose work has inspired me for years.”—TED DANSONDaniel Pauly is a living legend in the world of marine biology. He coined the influential term “shifting baselines,” in which knowledge of environmental disaster fades over time, leading to a misguided understanding of our world. He blew the whistle on the global fishing industry, alerting the public to the devastation of overfishing. And he developed data-driven research methods that led to groundbreaking discoveries. Daniel Pauly is also a man whose life was shaped by struggle. Born after the Second World War to a white French woman and Black American GI in Paris, Pauly’s childhood has been described as Dickensian. His father left before he was born and his mother, whose family did not accept her and her mixed-race son, fell prey to a manipulative Swiss couple who abducted Pauly under murky circumstances. He was taken to Switzerland, where he was treated cruelly as the couple’s servant. Pauly escaped to Germany to attend university and, as a young man, travelled to the United States during the 1969 civil rights movement, where he met his father’s family and experienced a political and racial reawakening. From there, he went on to have one of the most decorated careers in the field of marine biology. The Ocean’s Whistleblower “weaves together the challenges of marine research with an astonishing coming-of-age story” (Andrew Sharpless, Oceana) and is told through interviews with colleagues, friends, and Pauly himself. A brilliant book about a brilliant man, The Ocean’s Whistleblower finally profiles one of the most influential scientists of our time. |
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388 |
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978-1-77164-754-0 |
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yes |
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8482 |
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Viblanc Va, Stier A, Bize P, Schull Q, Criscuolo F, Groscolas R, Robin Jp |
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Title |
The ecophysiology of king penguins: responses to a fluctuating environment |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
1ier webinaire franco-argentin sur l’antarctique: opportunités et défis scientifiques soixante ans après l'entrée en vigueur du traité sur l'antarctique (coorganisé par l’institut polaire français ipev, l’institut antarctique argentin et l’ambassade de fr |
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119 |
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yes |
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8484 |
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Niels M. Schmidt, Olivier Gilg, Jon Aars, Rolf A. Ims |
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Title |
Fat, Furry, Flexible, and Functionally Important: Characteristics of Mammals Living in the Arctic |
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2021 |
Publication |
Arctic Ecology |
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357-384 |
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Keywords |
arctic ecosystems Arctic mammals climate change deglaciation food webs homeotherms low mammal species diversity primary production |
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Mammals constitute a group of vertebrates that share a number of unique characteristics,such as nursing their young with milk, and having hair. The pattern of low mammal species diversity in the Arctic probably reflects a combination of mainly two driving factors: first, being homeotherms, mammals require a substantial amount of energy to sustain the various life processes, and the arctic regions are characterized by a very low availability of energy due to short seasons for primary production. Secondly, the occurrence of arctic mammals today reflects the reinvasion of the mammal species into the Arctic as the ecosystems were re-established following the deglaciation. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the arctic mammals, including their unique adaptations to life, and their role as both consumer and food base in the arctic ecosystems. Climate change in the Arctic may also alter the interactions within food webs. |
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1036 |
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978-1-118-84658-2 |
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yes |
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8489 |
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Author |
Karen D. McCoy |
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Title |
Community-Level Interactions and Disease Dynamics |
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2021 |
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Infectious Disease Ecology of Wild Birds |
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An ecological community includes all individuals of all species that interact within a single patch or local area of habitat. Understanding the outcome of host–parasite interactions and predicting disease dynamics is particularly challenging at this biological scale because the different component species interact both directly and indirectly in complex ways. Current shifts in biodiversity due to global change, and its associated modifications to biological communities, will alter these interactions, including the probability of disease emergence, its dynamics over time, and its community-level consequences. Birds are integral component species of almost all natural communities. Due to their ubiquity and specific life history traits, they are defining actors in the ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of parasitic species. To better understand this role, this chapter examines the relative importance of birds and parasites in natural communities, revisiting basic notions in community ecology. The impact of changes in diversity for disease dynamics, including the debate surrounding dilution and amplification effects are specifically addressed. By considering the intrinsic complexities of natural communities, the importance of combining data from host and parasite communities to better understand how natural systems function over time and space is highlighted. The different elements in each section of the chapter are illustrated with brief, concrete examples from avian species, with a detailed example from marine bird communities in which Lyme disease bacteria circulate. |
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978-0-19-874624-9 |
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978-0-19-874624-9 |
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8498 |
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Sarah Albertin, Slimane Bekki, Joël Savarino |
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Title |
Nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) and oxygen isotope anomalies (Δ17O, δ18O) in atmospheric nitrogen dioxide : a new perspective for isotopic constraints on oxidation and aerosols formation processes |
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Communication |
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2021 |
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EGU General Assembly 2021, 10-30 april 2021, Vienna, Austria |
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1215 |
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EGU21-2634 |
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8511 |
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