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Peter S. Ungar, Lindsay Saylor, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalia A. Sokolova, Olivier Gilg, Sophie Montuire, Aurélien Royer |
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Title |
Incisor microwear of Arctic rodents as a proxy for microhabitat preference |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Mammalian Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
101 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1033-1052 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Environment Habitats Narrow-headed vole Russia Siberian lemming Tooth wear Tundra Yamal Peninsula |
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Abstract |
Changing environmental conditions in the Arctic make it important to document and understand habitat preferences and flexibility of vulnerable high-latitude mammals. Indirect proxies are especially useful for elusive species, such as rodents. This study explores incisor microwear as an indicator of variation in behavior and microhabitat use in Siberian lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus) and narrow-headed voles (Lasiopodomys gregalis) from the Yamal Peninsula, Russia. Fifty-nine individuals were sampled at four sites along a latitudinal gradient from forest-tundra ecotone to high-Arctic tundra. Lemmings are present at the northernmost site, voles at the southernmost site, and both species at the middle two. Lemmus sibiricus prefers wet, mossy lowland, whereas La. gregalis favors drier thickets and more open microhabitats and burrows underground. Feature-based analyses indicate higher densities of features and more uniformly oriented striations for voles than lemmings at sites with both species. The species also differ significantly in microwear texture attributes suggesting larger features for lemmings, and smaller ones, but more of them, for voles. While no texture differences were found between sites within species, voles from sites with open tundra have higher striation densities than those from the forest-tundra ecotone. Furthermore, lemmings from open tundra sites have higher striation densities than those from the water-saturated, moss-covered northernmost site. While microhabitat preferences and burrowing by voles likely contribute to differences between species, variation within seems to reflect habitat variation given differences in abrasive loads between sites. This suggests that incisor microwear patterning can be used to track microhabitat differences among Arctic rodent populations. |
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1618-1476 |
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8377 |
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Paul Tixier, Nicolas Gasco, Jared R. Towers, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Killer whales of the Crozet Archipelago and adjacent waters: photo-identification catalogue, population status and distribution in 2020 |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Technical report. centre d’etudes biologiques de chizé, centre national de la recherche scientifique, france |
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Pages |
1-167 |
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Three forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) occur around the subantarctic islands of the southern Indian Ocean (42-53°S; 34-74°E). The form encountered in both inshore and offshore waters, described as generalist in its feeding preferences (seals, whales, penguins and fish as prey) and known to depredate toothfish from longliners has been opportunistically photo-identified around the Crozet archipelago since the 1960s. Together with photo-identification data collected in the Prince Edward/Marion EEZ, Kerguelen EEZ and international waters, this report provides up to date information on the abundance and distribution of the Crozet killer whales. In total, 124,313 photographs taken during 2,109 encounters since 1964 were analysed, allowing for 299 individuals to be identified. Most encounters with available data were from the Crozet EEZ (1,432 from longliners, 602 from Île de la Possession) and occurred after 2003 when photo-identification was implemented in the fishery observer program. Among the 188 individuals recorded in the Crozet EEZ since 2003, 22 (12%) were also photographed in the Kerguelen EEZ, 13 (7%) in the Prince Edward/Marion EEZ and 13 (7%) in adjacent international waters. The frequently encountered subset of the Crozet killer whale population was composed of 23 social units (maternal groups), 19 of which included individuals alive in 2020. These social units ranged in size from 1 to 11 individuals with a mean (± SD) of 4 ± 3 per unit. As of June 2020 when the latest photographs included in the study were taken, abundance of this subset was 89-94 individuals. However, detailed analysis of data collected between 2005 and 2020 shows that the number of confirmed deaths (n = 51) exceeds the number of recorded births (n = 46), resulting in a 5% decrease of the population size over this period. These deaths were distributed across the population with the majority occurring in the most common sex and age classes – adult females and juveniles. Factors contributing to mortalities are unclear, but may include lethal interactions with illegal fisheries. When paired with the fact that the Crozet killer whales already underwent a severe mortality episode in the 1990s, these findings raise strong concerns about the future of the population and stress the necessity of conservation actions while maintaining an intensive monitoring effort. |
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yes |
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8380 |
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Author |
Lavrillier A. |
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Title |
Le pas léger sur la Terre des peuples des neiges |
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Book |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Atlas de la terre : comment l'homme a dominé la nature ? |
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Volume |
Hors-Série |
Issue |
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Pages |
80-81 |
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1127 |
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978-2368041192 |
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yes |
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8381 |
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Author |
Grégoire Mureau |
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Title |
Étude des impacts des événements extrêmes sur le massif dunaire de la plage de Sanvík (Islande) |
Type |
Master 1 |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Université de bretagne occidentale |
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Volume |
https://www-iuem.univ-brest.fr/pops/attachments/26 |
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Pages |
62 p. |
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1216 |
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yes |
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8383 |
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Author |
Alberto Baudena, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Donatella D’Onofrio, Xavier Capet, Cedric Cotté, Yves Cherel, Francesco D’Ovidio |
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Title |
Fine-scale structures as spots of increased fish concentration in the open ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15805 |
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Keywords |
Fisheries Marine biology Physical oceanography |
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Abstract |
Oceanic frontal zones have been shown to deeply influence the distribution of primary producers and, at the other extreme of the trophic web, top predators. However, the relationship between these structures and intermediate trophic levels is much more obscure. In this paper we address this knowledge gap by comparing acoustic measurements of mesopelagic fish concentrations to satellite-derived fine-scale Lagrangian Coherent Structures in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. First, we demonstrate that higher fish concentrations occur more frequently in correspondence with strong Lagrangian Coherent Structures. Secondly, we illustrate that, while increased fish densities are more likely to be observed over these structures, the presence of a fine-scale feature does not imply a concomitant fish accumulation, as other factors affect fish distribution. Thirdly, we show that, when only chlorophyll-rich waters are considered, front intensity modulates significantly more the local fish concentration. Finally, we discuss a model representing fish movement along Lagrangian features, specifically built for mid-trophic levels. Its results, obtained with realistic parameters, are qualitatively consistent with the observations and the spatio-temporal scales analysed. Overall, these findings may help to integrate intermediate trophic levels in trophic models, which can ultimately support management and conservation policies. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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8384 |
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Author |
Casey Youngflesh, Yun Li, Heather J. Lynch, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Rubao Ji, Stephanie Jenouvrier |
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Title |
Lack of synchronized breeding success in a seabird community: extreme events, niche separation, and environmental variability |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
130 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1943-1953 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica environmental indicators extreme events global change niche separation synchrony |
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Abstract |
Synchrony in ecological systems, the degree to which elements respond similarly over time or space, can inform our understanding of how ecosystems function and how they are responding to global change. While studies of ecological synchrony are often focused on within-species dynamics, synchrony among species may provide important insights into how dynamics of one species are indicative of conditions relevant to the larger community, with both basic and applied implications. Ecological theory suggests there may be conditions under which communities might exhibit increased synchrony, however, the degree to which these patterns are borne out in natural systems is currently unknown. We used long-term breeding success data from a community of Antarctic seabirds to assess the degree of interspecific, community synchrony, and the role that extreme events play in driving these dynamics. We assessed theoretical links between community synchrony, niche separation, and environmental variability using data from this and three other seabird communities as well as a simulation study. Results show that reproductive success for individual species in the Antarctic seabird community fluctuated relatively independently from one another, resulting in little synchrony across this community, outside of extreme years. While an exceptionally poor year for a given species was not necessarily associated with an exceptionally poor year for any other species, one community-wide extreme year existed. When compared to other seabird communities, this group of Antarctic seabirds exhibited lower overall synchrony and higher estimated niche separation, supporting theoretical predictions. Empirical and simulation-derived results suggest that communities where temporal variation is small for conditions in which species respond substantially differently, and large for conditions in which species respond similarly, may exhibit more synchronous dynamics. Identifying where and why synchronous dynamics might be more apparent has the potential to inform how ecological communities might respond to future global change. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1600-0706 |
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yes |
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8385 |
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Author |
Eeva M. Soininen, Isabel C. Barrio, Ragnhild Bjørkås, Katrín Björnsdóttir, Dorothee Ehrich, Kelly Hopping, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Svetlana Abdulmanova, Robert G. Björk, C. Guillermo Bueno, Isabell Eischeid, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey, Charles Gignac, Olivier Gilg, Michael den Herder, Hildur Søndergaard Holm, Bernice C. Hwang, Jane Uhd Jepsen, Stefaniya Kamenova, Ilona Kater, Amanda M. Koltz, Jeppe Aagaard Kristensen, Chelsea J. Little, Petr Macek, Karen Marie Mathisen, Daniel Metcalfe, Jesper Bruun Mosbacher, Martin Alfons Mörsdorf, Taejin Park, Jeffrey Propster, Aradhana Roberts, Emmanuel Serrano Ferron, Marcus P. Spiegel, Mariana Tamayo, Maria W. Tuomi, Megha Verma, Katariina Elsa Maria Vuorinen, Maria Väisänen, René Van der Wal, Megan Wilcots, Nigel Yoccoz, James D. M. Speed |
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Title |
Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Evidence |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
25 |
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Keywords |
Browsing Defoliation Forest-tundra Grazing Grubbing Invertebrate Plant–herbivore interaction Tundra Vertebrate |
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Abstract |
Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: “What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?”. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
2047-2382 |
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yes |
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8386 |
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M. Afroosa, B. Rohith, Arya Paul, Fabien Durand, Romain Bourdallé-Badie, P. V. Sreedevi, Olivier de Viron, Valérie Ballu, S. S. C. Shenoi |
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Title |
Madden-Julian oscillation winds excite an intraseasonal see-saw of ocean mass that affects Earth’s polar motion |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Communications Earth & Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-8 |
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Keywords |
Physical oceanography |
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Abstract |
Strong large-scale winds can relay their energy to the ocean bottom and elicit an almost immediate intraseasonal barotropic (depth independent) response in the ocean. The intense winds associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation over the Maritime Continent generate significant intraseasonal basin-wide barotropic sea level variability in the tropical Indian Ocean. Here we show, using a numerical model and a network of in-situ bottom pressure recorders, that the concerted barotropic response of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean to these winds leads to an intraseasonal see-saw of oceanic mass in the Indo-Pacific basin. This global-scale mass shift is unexpectedly fast, as we show that the mass field of the entire Indo-Pacific basin is dynamically adjusted to Madden-Julian Oscillation in a few days. We find this large-scale ocean see-saw, induced by the Madden-Julian Oscillation, has a detectable influence on the Earth’s polar axis motion, in particular during the strong see-saw of early 2013. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
2662-4435 |
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yes |
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8387 |
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Author |
Petra Zemunik, Jadranka Šepić, Havu Pellikka, Leon Ćatipović, Ivica Vilibić |
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Title |
Minute Sea-Level Analysis (MISELA): a high-frequency sea-level analysis global dataset |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth system science data |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4121-4132 |
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Abstract |
Sea-level observations provide information on a variety of processes occurring over different temporal and spatial scales that may contribute to coastal flooding and hazards. However, global research on sea-level extremes is restricted to hourly datasets, which prevent the quantification and analyses of processes occurring at timescales between a few minutes and a few hours. These shorter-period processes, like seiches, meteotsunamis, infragravity and coastal waves, may even dominate in low tidal basins. Therefore, a new global 1 min sea-level dataset – MISELA (Minute Sea-Level Analysis) – has been developed, encompassing quality-checked records of nonseismic sea-level oscillations at tsunami timescales (T<2 h) obtained from 331 tide-gauge sites (https://doi.org/10.14284/456, Zemunik et al., 2021b). This paper describes data quality control procedures applied to the MISELA dataset, world and regional coverage of tide-gauge sites, and lengths of time series. The dataset is appropriate for global, regional or local research of atmospherically induced high-frequency sea-level oscillations, which should be included in the overall sea-level extremes assessments. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1866-3508 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8392 |
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Author |
A. Barbero, J. Savarino, R. Grilli, C. Blouzon, G. Picard, M. M. Frey, Y. Huang, N. Caillon |
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Title |
New Estimation of the NOx Snow-Source on the Antarctic Plateau |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
126 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
e2021JD035062 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Plateau flux chamber nitrate photolysis snowpack emissions |
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Abstract |
To fully decipher the role of nitrate photolysis on the atmospheric oxidative capacity in snow-covered regions, NOx flux must be determined with more precision than existing estimates. Here, we introduce a method based on dynamic flux chamber measurements for evaluating the NOx production by photolysis of snowpack nitrate in Antarctica. Flux chamber experiments were conducted for the first time in Antarctica, at the French-Italian station Concordia, Dome C (75°06'S, 123°20’E, 3233 m a.s.l) during the 2019–2020 summer campaign. Measurements were gathered with several snow samples of different ages ranging from newly formed drifted snow to 6-year-old firn. Contrary to existing literature expectations, the daily average photolysis rate coefficient, , did not significantly vary between differently aged snow samples, suggesting that the photolabile nitrate in snow behaves as a single-family source with common photochemical properties, where a = (2.37 0.35) × 10−8 s−1 (1) has been calculated from December 10th 2019 to January 7th 2020. At Dome C summer daily average NOx flux, , based on measured NOx production rates was estimated to be (4.3 1.2) × 108 molecules cm−2 s−1, which is 1.5–7 times less than the net NOx flux observed previously above snow at Dome C using the gradient flux method. Using these results, we extrapolated an annual continental snow sourced NOx budget of 0.017 0.003 TgN y−1, 2 times the nitrogen budget, (N-budget), of the stratospheric denitrification previously estimated for Antarctica. These quantifications of nitrate photolysis using flux chamber experiments provide a road-map toward a new parameterization of the product that can improve future global and regional models of atmospheric chemistry. |
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1177 |
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2169-8996 |
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yes |
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8393 |
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