| Records |
| Author |
M. Legrand, R. Weller, S. Preunkert, B. Jourdain |
| Title |
Ammonium in Antarctic Aerosol: Marine Biological Activity Versus Long-Range Transport of Biomass Burning |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e2021GL092826 |
| Keywords |
aerosol black carbon ammonium Antarctic biomass burning et marine biota oxalate potassium |
| Abstract |
Year-round records of the ionic composition of Antarctic aerosol were obtained at the inland Dome C (DC) and coastal Neumayer (NM) sites, with additional observations of black carbon (BC) at NM. Discussions focus on the origin of ammonium in Antarctica. This first Antarctic atmospheric study of several species emitted by biomass burning (BB) indicates that BC and oxalate reach a maximum in October in relation to BB activity in the southern hemisphere. Ammonium reaches a maximum 2 months later, suggesting that BB remains a minor ammonium source there. The ammonium maximum in December coincides with the occurrence of diatom blooms in the austral ocean, suggesting that oceanic ammonia emissions are the main source of ammonium in Antarctica. The ammonium to sulfur-derived biogenic species molar ratio of 0.15 in summer suggests far lower ammonia emissions from the Antarctic oceans than midlatitude southern oceans. |
| Programme |
903 |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1944-8007 |
ISBN |
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Medium  |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8252 |
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| Author |
Christopher Burot, Rémi Amiraux, Patricia Bonin, Sophie Guasco, Marcel Babin, Fabien Joux, Dominique Marie, Laure Vilgrain, Hermann J. Heipieper, Jean-François Rontani |
| Title |
Viability and stress state of bacteria associated with primary production or zooplankton-derived suspended particulate matter in summer along a transect in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
770 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
145252 |
| Keywords |
Bacterial viability EPS isomerase Micro- and macro-zooplankton Salinity stress Sea ice algae |
| Abstract |
In the framework of the GreenEdge Project (whose the general objective is to understand the dynamic of the phytoplankton spring bloom in Arctic Ocean), lipid composition and viability and stress state of bacteria were monitored in sea ice and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected in 2016 along a transect from sea ice to open water in Baffin Bay (Arctic Ocean). Lipid analyses confirmed the dominance of diatoms in the bottommost layer of ice and suggested (i) the presence of a strong proportion of micro-zooplankton in SPM samples collected at the western ice covered St 403 and St 409 and (ii) a high proportion of macro-zooplankton (copepods) in SPM samples collected at the eastern ice covered St 413 and open water St 418. The use of the propidium monoazide (PMA) method allowed to show a high bacterial mortality in sea ice and in SPM material collected in shallower waters at St 409 and St 418. This mortality was attributed to the release of bactericidal free fatty acids by sympagic diatoms under the effect of light stress. A strong cis-trans isomerization of bacterial MUFAs was observed in the deeper SPM samples collected at the St 403 and St 409. It was attributed to the ingestion of bacteria stressed by salinity in brine channels of ice by sympagic bacterivorous microzooplankton (ciliates) incorporating trans fatty acids of their preys before to be released in the water column during melting. The high trans/cis ratios also observed in SPM samples collected in the shallower waters at St 413 and St 418 suggest the presence of positively or neutrally buoyant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-rich particles retained in sea ice and discharged (with bacteria stressed by salinity) in seawater after the initial release of algal biomass. Such EPS particles, which are generally considered as ideal vectors for bacterial horizontal distribution in the Arctic, appeared to contain a high proportion of dead and non-growing bacteria. |
| Programme |
1164 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0048-9697 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8253 |
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| Author |
Christo Buizert, T. J. Fudge, William H. G. Roberts, Eric J. Steig, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Catherine Ritz, Eric Lefebvre, Jon Edwards, Kenji Kawamura, Ikumi Oyabu, Hideaki Motoyama, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Takashi Obase, Carlos Martin, Hugh Corr, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Ross Beaudette, Jenna A. Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Kaden Martin, Jérôme Chappellaz, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Todd A. Sowers, Richard B. Alley, Jinho Ahn, Michael Sigl, Mirko Severi, Nelia W. Dunbar, Anders Svensson, John M. Fegyveresi, Chengfei He, Zhengyu Liu, Jiang Zhu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov, Masa Kageyama, Jakob Schwander |
| Title |
Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
372 |
Issue |
6546 |
Pages |
1097-1101 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
Water-stable isotopes in polar ice cores are a widely used temperature proxy in paleoclimate reconstruction, yet calibration remains challenging in East Antarctica. Here, we reconstruct the magnitude and spatial pattern of Last Glacial Maximum surface cooling in Antarctica using borehole thermometry and firn properties in seven ice cores. West Antarctic sites cooled ~10°C relative to the preindustrial period. East Antarctic sites show a range from ~4° to ~7°C cooling, which is consistent with the results of global climate models when the effects of topographic changes indicated with ice core air-content data are included, but less than those indicated with the use of water-stable isotopes calibrated against modern spatial gradients. An altered Antarctic temperature inversion during the glacial reconciles our estimates with water-isotope observations. |
| Programme |
902 |
| Campaign |
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| Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8254 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Makoto Sampei, Louis Fortier, Patrick Raimbault, Kohei Matsuno, Yoshiyuki Abe, Bernard Quéguiner, Augustin Lafond, Marcel Babin, Toru Hirawake |
| Title |
An estimation of the quantitative impacts of copepod grazing on an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
00092 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production. |
| Programme |
1164 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2325-1026 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8255 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
F. Bultelle, I. Boutet, S. Devin, F. Caza, Y. St-Pierre, R. Péden, P. Brousseau, P. Chan, D. Vaudry, F. Le Foll, M. Fournier, M. Auffret, B. Rocher |
| Title |
Molecular response of a sub-antarctic population of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis platensis) to a moderate thermal stress |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Environmental Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
169 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
105393 |
| Keywords |
2DE Abiotic stress Biomonitoring Gills Indicator species Kerguelen island Mytilus sp. qRT-PCR Temperature |
| Abstract |
The Kerguelen Islands (49°26′S, 69°50′E) represent a unique environment due to their geographical isolation, which protects them from anthropogenic pollution. The ability of the endemic mussel, part of the Mytilus complex, to cope with moderate heat stress was explored using omic tools. Transcripts involved in six major metabolic functions were selected and the qRT-PCR data indicated mainly changes in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism and stress response. Proteomic comparisons revealed a typical stress response pattern with cytoskeleton modifications and elements suggesting increased energy metabolism. Results also suggest conservation of protein homeostasis by the long-lasting presence of HSP while a general decrease in transcription is observed. The overall findings are consistent with an adaptive response to moderate stresses in mussels in good physiological condition, i.e. living in a low-impact site, and with the literature concerning this model species. Therefore, local blue mussels could be advantageously integrated into biomonitoring strategies, especially in the context of Global Change. |
| Programme |
409 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0141-1136 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8256 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Samantha C. Patrick, Julien G. A. Martin, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Alexandre Corbeau, Henri Weimerskirch |
| Title |
Albatrosses respond adaptively to climate variability by changing variance in a foraging trait |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4564-4574 |
| Keywords |
bet-hedging intra-individual variability resource acquisition salt-water immersion logger seabirds Southern Oscillation Index |
| Abstract |
The ability of individuals and populations to adapt to a changing climate is a key determinant of population dynamics. While changes in mean behaviour are well studied, changes in trait variance have been largely ignored, despite being assumed to be crucial for adapting to a changing environment. As the ability to acquire resources is essential to both reproduction and survival, changes in behaviours that maximize resource acquisition should be under selection. Here, using foraging trip duration data collected over 7 years on black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophris) on the Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean, we examined the importance of changes in the mean and variance in foraging behaviour, and the associated effects on fitness, in response to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Using double hierarchical models, we found no evidence that individuals change their mean foraging trip duration in response to a changing environment, but found strong evidence of changes in variance. Younger birds showed greater variability in foraging trip duration in poor conditions as did birds with higher fitness. However, during brooding, birds showed greater variability in foraging behaviour under good conditions, suggesting that optimal conditions allow the alteration between chick provisioning and self-maintenance trips. We found weak correlations between sea surface temperature and the ENSO, but stronger links with sea-level pressure. We suggest that variability in behavioural traits affecting resource acquisition is under selection and offers a mechanism by which individuals can adapt to a changing climate. Studies which look only at effects on mean behaviour may underestimate the effects of climate change and fail to consider variance in traits as a key evolutionary force. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1365-2486 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8257 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Daniel C. Jones, Filipe R. Ceia, Eugene Murphy, Karine Delord, Robert W. Furness, Ariane Verdy, Matthew Mazloff, Richard A. Phillips, Paul M. Sagar, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Ben Schreiber, David R. Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip J. Underwood, Henri Weimerskirch, José C. Xavier |
| Title |
Untangling local and remote influences in two major petrel habitats in the oligotrophic Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
27 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
5773-5785 |
| Keywords |
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) biogeography conservation grey petrels high seas hotspot open ocean primary productivity Procellaria cinerea seabirds |
| Abstract |
Ocean circulation connects geographically distinct ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales via exchanges of physical and biogeochemical properties. Remote oceanographic processes can be especially important for ecosystems in the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic Circumpolar Current transports properties across ocean basins through both advection and mixing. Recent tracking studies have indicated the existence of two large-scale, open ocean habitats in the Southern Ocean used by grey petrels (Procellaria cinerea) from two populations (i.e., Kerguelen and Antipodes islands) during their nonbreeding season for extended periods during austral summer (i.e., October to February). In this work, we use a novel combination of large-scale oceanographic observations, surface drifter data, satellite-derived primary productivity, numerical adjoint sensitivity experiments, and output from a biogeochemical state estimate to examine local and remote influences on these grey petrel habitats. Our aim is to understand the oceanographic features that control these isolated foraging areas and to evaluate their ecological value as oligotrophic open ocean habitats. We estimate the minimum local primary productivity required to support these populations to be much <1% of the estimated local primary productivity. The region in the southeast Indian Ocean used by the birds from Kerguelen is connected by circulation to the productive Kerguelen shelf. In contrast, the region in the south-central Pacific Ocean used by seabirds from the Antipodes is relatively isolated suggesting it is more influenced by local factors or the cumulative effects of many seasonal cycles. This work exemplifies the potential use of predator distributions and oceanographic data to highlight areas of the open ocean that may be more dynamic and productive than previously thought. Our results highlight the need to consider advective connections between ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and to re-evaluate the ecological relevance of oligotrophic Southern Ocean regions from a conservation perspective. |
| Programme |
109 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1365-2486 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8258 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Charlène Gémard, Víctor Planas-Bielsa, Francesco Bonadonna, Thierry Aubin |
| Title |
Contextual variations in calls of two nonoscine birds: the blue petrel Halobaena caerulea and the Antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
769-779 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
Bird vocalizations are critical cues in social interactions as they convey temporary information varying with the social context, for example, the signaler motivation when facing a rival or a potential mate. To date, literature mainly focused on learning birds. Burrowing petrels (Procellariidae) are nonlearning birds with a limited vocal repertoire. Bachelor males communicate with conspecifics with a single call emitted in three situations: in the absence of a certain auditory (spontaneous calls), toward females (female-directed calls), and toward males (male-directed calls). We first hypothesized that, although the call structure is preserved, temporal and spectral parameters vary between the three call types of bachelor males, translating different motivations (Motivation Hypothesis). To go further, we hypothesized that acoustic variations in male-directed calls indicate the signaler’s aggressive motivation and, therefore, the variations are similar whether calls are produced by breeder or bachelor males (Breeding Status Hypothesis). We tested the two hypotheses performing field playback experiments on two petrel species: the blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) and the Antarctic prion (Pachyptila desolata). Despite the obvious call stereotypy, we observed temporal variations and frequency shifts when males react to a female or a male, which may translate the sexual or aggressive motivation of the signaler. Furthermore, the similarity of variations in male-directed calls of both breeder and bachelor males suggests the aggressive motivation. So far, vocal plasticity in nonlearning birds has been greatly underestimated. Here, we highlighted the expression of different motivations through vocal variations and the ability to produce frequency variations in species with genetically coded vocalizations. |
| Programme |
354 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Place of Publication |
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| Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1045-2249 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8259 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Martin Tournier, Pauline Goulet, Nadège Fonvieille, David Nerini, Mark Johnson, Christophe Guinet |
| Title |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
223 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
103608 |
| Keywords |
Biologging Diel vertical migration Functional data analysis Marine acoustics Micronekton Sonar tag |
| Abstract |
Despite expanding in-situ observations of marine ecosystems by new-generation sensors, information about intermediate trophic levels remains sparse. Indeed, mid-trophic levels, while encompassing a broad range of zooplankton and micronekton organisms that represent a key component of marine ecosystems and sustain large and diverse communities of marine predators, are challenging to sample and identify. In this study, we examined whether an animal-borne miniature active echosounder can provide information on the distribution and movements of mid-trophic level organisms. If so, such a sonar tag, harnessing the persistent diving behaviour of far-ranging marine mammals, could greatly increase the density of data on this under-studied biome. High-frequency (1.5 MHz) sonar tags were deployed simultaneously with oceanographic tags on two southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), at the Kerguelen Islands and Valdés Peninsula (Argentina), and recorded acoustic backscatter while the seals foraged respectively in the Indian and the Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. The backscatter varied widely over time and space, and the seals attempted to capture only a small fraction of the insonified targets. Diel vertical migration patterns were clearly identifiable in the data, reinforcing our confidence in the ability of the sonar tags to detect living mid-trophic organisms along with possibly sinking biological detritus. Moreover, CTD tags attached to the same animals indicated how the abundance, size distribution, and diel migration behaviour of acoustic targets varied with water bodies. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential for animal-borne sonars to provide detailed in-situ information. Further validation effort will make it a valuable tool to refine the estimation of carbon export fluxes as well as for assessing the variation of mid-trophic level biomass according to oceanographic domains and seasons. |
| Programme |
1201 |
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| Series Editor |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0924-7963 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8260 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Ménot, R.P. |
| Title |
The Geology of East Antarctica (between ∼85° E and ∼145° E), in Geology of the Antarctic Continent |
Type |
Book |
| Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Geology of the antarctic continent. e.schweizerbart’sche verlag., stuttgart, |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
322-393 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
This chapter treats the Antarctic region facing West and South Australia, approximately from 85° E to 145° E (Fig. 1-1), i.e. the easternmost province of the “East Antarctic Shield” (see chapters 1.2/1.2.1). Therefore, the following major areas will be described: from West to East, Kaiser-Wilhelm-II.-Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Terre Adélie and western George V Land. Eastern George V Land and northern Victoria Land are excluded from this review as they can be regarded as the foreland of the Transantarctic Mountains geological domain (chapters 4 and 5). |
| Programme |
1003 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-3-443-11034-5 |
Medium |
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Expedition |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
8296 |
| Permanent link to this record |
