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Eeva M. Soininen, Isabel C. Barrio, Ragnhild Bjørkås, Katrín Björnsdóttir, Dorothee Ehrich, Kelly Hopping, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Anders Lorentzen Kolstad, Svetlana Abdulmanova, Robert G. Björk, C. Guillermo Bueno, Isabell Eischeid, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jennifer Sorensen Forbey, Charles Gignac, Olivier Gilg, Michael den Herder, Hildur Søndergaard Holm, Bernice C. Hwang, Jane Uhd Jepsen, Stefaniya Kamenova, Ilona Kater, Amanda M. Koltz, Jeppe Aagaard Kristensen, Chelsea J. Little, Petr Macek, Karen Marie Mathisen, Daniel Metcalfe, Jesper Bruun Mosbacher, Martin Alfons Mörsdorf, Taejin Park, Jeffrey Propster, Aradhana Roberts, Emmanuel Serrano Ferron, Marcus P. Spiegel, Mariana Tamayo, Maria W. Tuomi, Megha Verma, Katariina Elsa Maria Vuorinen, Maria Väisänen, René Van der Wal, Megan Wilcots, Nigel Yoccoz, James D. M. Speed |
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Title |
Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Evidence |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
25 |
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Keywords  |
Browsing Defoliation Forest-tundra Grazing Grubbing Invertebrate Plant–herbivore interaction Tundra Vertebrate |
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Abstract |
Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: “What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?”. |
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1036 |
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2047-2382 |
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yes |
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8386 |
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L. Aulus-Giacosa, F. Guéraud, P. Gaudin, M. Buoro, J. C. Aymes, J. Labonne, M. Vignon |
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Title |
Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
20210366 |
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Keywords |
brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic |
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Abstract |
Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8373 |
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Sara Labrousse, Alexander D. Fraser, Michael Sumner, Frédéric Le Manach, Christophe Sauser, Isabella Horstmann, Eileen Devane, Karine Delord, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Christophe Barbraud |
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Title |
Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
20210097 |
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Keywords |
breeding success climate window analysis emperor penguin nonlinear effect sea ice |
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Abstract |
In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability. Understanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world's longest dataset of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding parameters, we studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI and weather conditions on this species' reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive to LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change. |
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109 |
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yes |
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8040 |
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Ross N. Cuthbert, Zarah Pattison, Nigel G. Taylor, Laura Verbrugge, Christophe Diagne, Danish A. Ahmed, Boris Leroy, Elena Angulo, Elizabeta Briski, César Capinha, Jane A. Catford, Tatenda Dalu, Franz Essl, Rodolphe E. Gozlan, Phillip J. Haubrock, Melina Kourantidou, Andrew M. Kramer, David Renault, Ryan J. Wasserman, Franck Courchamp |
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Title |
Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
775 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145238 |
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Keywords |
Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact |
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Abstract |
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages. |
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136 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8089 |
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Alexandre Corbeau, Julien Collet, Adrien Pajot, Rocío Joo, Thibaut Thellier, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Differences in foraging habitat result in contrasting fisheries interactions in two albatross populations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
Issue |
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Pages |
197-208 |
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Keywords |
Boat attraction Crozet Diomedea exulans Fisheries Fisheries discards Kerguelen |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch. |
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Programme |
109 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7940 |
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Michaël Beaulieu, Michael Dähne, Jane Köpp, Coline Marciau, Akiko Kato, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Thierry Raclot |
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Title |
Exploring the interplay between nest vocalizations and foraging behaviour in breeding birds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
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Pages |
375-391 |
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Keywords |
bird communication foraging behaviour reproductive partner vocalization |
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Abstract |
In many bird species, reproductive partners sing together each time they meet on the nest. Because these nest ceremonies typically correspond to the return of one partner from foraging and to the subsequent departure of the other partner, we hypothesized that the foraging decisions of departing birds may be facilitated by the vocalizations accompanying their partner's return on the nest, providing these vocalizations reflect foraging conditions. We examined this hypothesis in pairs of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, by longitudinally monitoring their nest vocalizations and their spatial distribution when foraging at sea across the guard stage, when both parents regularly alternate foraging at sea and chick attendance at the nest. We found that the acoustic characteristics of the vocalizations produced during nest relief ceremonies reflected some characteristics of the foraging trips of both the returning and departing partners. However, these acoustic characteristics differed between partners and were differently related to their foraging behaviour. Accordingly, departing individuals did not adopt the same foraging behaviour as that of returning individuals. Nest vocalizations therefore do not appear to represent cues facilitating the foraging decisions of departing birds, but they may rather reflect the arousal of partners, which differently correlates with the foraging behaviour of the returning and departing individuals. Our study highlights an interplay between the vocalizations produced on the nest by reproductive partners and their foraging behaviour, thereby broadening the scope of animal vocalizations and opening a novel perspective on the regulation of foraging strategies. However, our exploratory study also highlights the complexity of examining this interplay, as the effects of nest vocalizations on foraging decisions may be complicated by other factors (e.g. intrinsic foraging capacity). This calls for the use of additional and experimental approaches (e.g. vocalization playbacks) to clarify the role of nest vocalizations as potential mediators of foraging decisions. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8760 |
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Author |
Rune Dietz, Jérôme Fort, Christian Sonne, Céline Albert, Jan Ove Bustnes, Thomas Kjær Christensen, Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski, Jóhannis Danielsen, Sam Dastnai, Marcel Eens, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Anders Galatius, Svend-Erik Garbus, Olivier Gilg, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Björn Helander, Morten Helberg, Veerle L. B. Jaspers, Bjørn Munro Jenssen, Jón Einar Jónsson, Kaarina Kauhala, Yann Kolbeinsson, Line Anker Kyhn, Aili Lage Labansen, Martin Mørk Larsen, Ulf Lindstøm, Tone K. Reiertsen, Frank F. Rigét, Anna Roos, Jakob Strand, Hallvard Strøm, Signe Sveegaard, Jens Søndergaard, Jiachen Sun, Jonas Teilmann, Ole Roland Therkildsen, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Rune Skjold Tjørnløv, Simon Wilson, Igor Eulaers |
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Title |
A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environment international |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
146 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106178 |
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Keywords |
Biological effect Bird of prey Hg Marine mammal Risk threshold Seabird |
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Abstract |
A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC. Juveniles from all species showed to be at no or low risk. In comparison to the same species in the adjacent waters, i.e. the Greater North Sea and the North Atlantic, the estimated risk for Baltic populations is not considerably higher. These findings suggest that over the past few decades the Baltic Sea has improved considerably with respect to presenting Hg exposure to its local species, while it does still carry a legacy of elevated Hg levels resulting from high neighbouring industrial and agricultural activity and slow water turnover regime. |
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1036 |
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0160-4120 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7985 |
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Author |
Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Arnaud Tarroux, Kyle H. Elliott, Pierre Legagneux, Frédéric Angelier, Pierre Blévin, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Per Fauchald, Aurélie Goutte, William Jouanneau, Sabrina Tartu, Børge Moe, Olivier Chastel |
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Title |
Long-term tracking of an Arctic-breeding seabird indicates high fidelity to pelagic wintering areas |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-218 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Global Location Sensors GLS Individual consistency Migration Nearest neighbor distance Repeatability Spatial distribution |
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Abstract |
Site fidelity is driven by predictable resource distributions in time and space. However, intrinsic factors related to an individual’s physiology and life-history traits can contribute to consistent foraging behaviour and movement patterns. Using 11 yr of continuous geolocation tracking data (fall 2008 to spring 2019), we investigated spatiotemporal consistency in non-breeding movements in a pelagic seabird population of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the High Arctic (Svalbard). Our objective was to assess the relative importance of spatial versus temporal repeatability behind inter-annual movement consistency during winter. Most kittiwakes used pelagic regions of the western North Atlantic. Winter site fidelity was high both within and across individuals and at meso (100-1000 km) and macro scales (>1000 km). Spatial consistency in non-breeding movement was higher within than among individuals, suggesting that site fidelity might emerge from individuals’ memory to return to locations with predictable resource availability. Consistency was also stronger in space than in time, suggesting that it was driven by consistent resource pulses that may vary in time more so than in space. Nonetheless, some individuals displayed more flexibility by adopting a strategy of itinerancy during winter, and the causes of this flexibility are unclear. Specialization for key wintering areas can indicate vulnerability to environmental perturbations, with winter survival and carry-over effects arising from winter conditions as potential drivers of population dynamics. |
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330 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8607 |
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C. Albert, V. S. Bråthen, S. Descamps, T. Anker-Nilssen, A. Cherenkov, S. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Danielsen, K. E. Erikstad, M. Gavrilo, S. A. Hanssen, H. H. Helgason, J. E. Jónsson, Y. Kolbeinsson, Y. Krasnov, M. Langset, E. Lorentzen, B. Olsen, T. K. Reiertsen, H. Strøm, G. H. Systad, G. Tertitski, P. M. Thompson, T. L. Thórarinsson, P. Bustamante, B. Moe, J. Fort |
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Title |
Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
243-254 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Feathers Migration North Atlantic-Arctic Pollutant |
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Abstract |
Migratory seabirds are exposed to various pollutants throughout their annual cycle. Among them, mercury (Hg) is of particular concern given its large impact on animal health. Recent studies suggest that winter is a critical period for seabirds when contamination by Hg can be higher than at other times of year. However, individuals within and between species can have different migration strategies and winter distributions that could affect their exposure. Here, we combined multi-year individual tracking data and Hg measurements from 6 Arctic seabird species. We investigated whether inter-annual variations in individual winter contamination with Hg was related to seabird fidelity to a wintering site over years. First, our results show that Hg concentrations above the toxicity threshold (i.e. 5 µg g-1 dry weight in feathers) were observed in variable proportions according to species (from 2% of northern fulmars to 37% of Brünnich’s guillemots). Second, individuals with high fidelity to a wintering ground had more similar Hg concentrations among years compared to individuals with low fidelity, suggesting an effect of their migratory strategy on Hg contamination. Further, we found that the directional change in wintering areas among years influenced seabird Hg contamination, highlighting an additional effect of seabirds’ winter distribution. More specifically, individuals migrating to the northwest direction of a previous wintering ground tended to be more contaminated compared to those moving to eastern directions. These results confirm spatial differences in Hg concentration throughout the North Atlantic-Arctic and an east-west gradient increase in Hg concentrations. Verifying this trend will require more large-scale ecotoxicological studies at smaller spatial resolution. |
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388 |
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0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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7978 |
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Author |
Martin Tournier, Pauline Goulet, Nadège Fonvieille, David Nerini, Mark Johnson, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
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Volume |
223 |
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Pages |
103608 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Diel vertical migration Functional data analysis Marine acoustics Micronekton Sonar tag |
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Abstract |
Despite expanding in-situ observations of marine ecosystems by new-generation sensors, information about intermediate trophic levels remains sparse. Indeed, mid-trophic levels, while encompassing a broad range of zooplankton and micronekton organisms that represent a key component of marine ecosystems and sustain large and diverse communities of marine predators, are challenging to sample and identify. In this study, we examined whether an animal-borne miniature active echosounder can provide information on the distribution and movements of mid-trophic level organisms. If so, such a sonar tag, harnessing the persistent diving behaviour of far-ranging marine mammals, could greatly increase the density of data on this under-studied biome. High-frequency (1.5 MHz) sonar tags were deployed simultaneously with oceanographic tags on two southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), at the Kerguelen Islands and Valdés Peninsula (Argentina), and recorded acoustic backscatter while the seals foraged respectively in the Indian and the Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. The backscatter varied widely over time and space, and the seals attempted to capture only a small fraction of the insonified targets. Diel vertical migration patterns were clearly identifiable in the data, reinforcing our confidence in the ability of the sonar tags to detect living mid-trophic organisms along with possibly sinking biological detritus. Moreover, CTD tags attached to the same animals indicated how the abundance, size distribution, and diel migration behaviour of acoustic targets varied with water bodies. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential for animal-borne sonars to provide detailed in-situ information. Further validation effort will make it a valuable tool to refine the estimation of carbon export fluxes as well as for assessing the variation of mid-trophic level biomass according to oceanographic domains and seasons. |
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Programme |
1201 |
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ISSN |
0924-7963 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8260 |
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