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Author |
Díaz A, Féral J-P, David B, Saucède T, Poulin E, |
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Title |
Evolutionary pathways among shallow and deep-sea echinoids of the genus Sterechinus in the Southern Ocean
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
205-211 |
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Keywords  |
Sea urchins, Coastal zone, Deep water, Phylogeny, Biogeography, Evolutionary patterns, COI, |
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Abstract |
Antarctica is structured by a narrow and deep continental shelf that sustains a remarkable number of benthic species. The origin of these species and their affinities with the deep-sea fauna that borders the continent shelf are not clear. To date, two main hypotheses have been considered to account for the evolutionary connection between the faunas: (1) either shallow taxa moved down to deep waters (submergence) or (2) deep-sea taxa colonized the continental shelf (emergence). The regular sea urchin genus Sterechinus is a good model to explore the evolutionary relationships among these faunas because its five nominal species include Antarctic and Subantarctic distributions and different bathymetric ranges. Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among Sterechinus species were established using the COI mitochondrial gene by assuming a molecular clock hypothesis. The results showed the existence of two genetically distinct main groups. The first corresponds exclusively to the shallow-water Antarctic species S. neumayeri, while the second includes all the other nominal species, either deep or shallow, Antarctic or Subantarctic. Within the latter group, S. dentifer specimens all formed a monophyletic cluster, slightly divergent from all other specimens, which were mixed in a second cluster that included S. agassizi from the continental shelf of Argentina, S. diadema from the Kerguelen Plateau and S. antarcticus from the deep Antarctic shelf. These results suggest that the deeper-water species S. dentifer and S. antarcticus are more closely related to Subantarctic species than to the shallow Antarctic species S. neumayeri. Thus, for this genus, neither the submergence nor emergence scenario explains the relationships between Antarctic and deep-sea benthos. At least in the Weddell quadrant, the observed genetic pattern suggests an initial separation between Antarctic and Subantarctic shallow species, and a much later colonization of deep water from the Subantarctic region, probably promoted by the geomorphology of the Scotia Arc. |
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1044 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0967-0645 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1649 |
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Author |
Ivan D. Haigh, Marta Marcos, Stefan A. Talke, Philip L. Woodworth, John R. Hunter, Ben S. Hague, Arne Arns, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Philip Thompson |
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Title |
GESLA Version 3: A major update to the global higher-frequency sea-level dataset |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geoscience Data Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
293-314 |
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Keywords |
sea level records sea level rise storm surges storm tides tide gauge |
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Abstract |
This paper describes a major update to the quasi-global, higher-frequency sea-level dataset known as GESLA (Global Extreme Sea Level Analysis). Versions 1 (released 2009) and 2 (released 2016) of the dataset have been used in many published studies, across a wide range of oceanographic and coastal engineering-related investigations concerned with evaluating tides, storm surges, extreme sea levels, and other related processes. The third version of the dataset (released 2021), presented here, contains double the number of years of data, and nearly four times the number of records, compared to Version 2. The dataset consists of records obtained from multiple sources around the world. This paper describes the assembly of the dataset, its processing, and its format, and outlines potential future improvements. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
2049-6060 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8571 |
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Author |
Testut L, Miguez B Martin, Wppelmann G, Tiphaneau P, Pouvreau N, Karpytchev M, |
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Title |
Sea level at Saint Paul Island, southern Indian Ocean, from 1874 to the present
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
115 |
Issue |
C12 |
Pages |
C12028- |
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Keywords |
sea level change, Southern Ocean, Saint Paul Island, tide gauge, historical data, 4556 Oceanography: Physical: Sea level: variations and mean, 1641 Global Change: Sea level change, 1724 History of Geophysics: Ocean sciences, |
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Abstract |
A data archeology exercise was carried out on sea level observations recorded during the transit of Venus across the Sun observed in 1874 from Saint Paul Island (3841′S, 7731 E) in the southern Indian Ocean. Historical (1874) and recent (1994–2009) sea level observations were assembled into a consistent time series. A thorough check of the data and its precise geodetic connection to the same datum was only possible thanks to the recent installation of new technologies (GPS buoy and radar water level sensor) and leveling campaigns. The estimated rate of relative sea level change, spanning the last 135 years at Saint Paul Island, was not significantly different from zero (-0.1 0.3 mm yr-1), a value which could be reconciled with estimates of global average sea level rise for the 20th century assuming the DORIS vertical velocity estimate at Amsterdam Island (100 km distant) could be applied to correct for the land motion at the tide gauge. Considering the scarcity of long-term sea level data in the Southern Hemisphere, the exercise provides an invaluable additional observational constraint for further investigations of the spatial variability of sea level change, once vertical land rates can be determined.
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688 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3150 |
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Author |
Smith Martina B, Labat Jean-Philippe, Fraser Alexander D, Massom Robert A, Koubbi Philippe, |
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Title |
A GIS approach to estimating interannual variability of sea ice concentration in the Dumont dUrville Sea near Terre Adélie from 2003 to 2009
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
104-117 |
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Keywords |
Sea ice concentration, East Antarctica, Interannual variations, Climatology, GIS, |
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Abstract |
A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based investigation into the interannual variability of sea ice concentration was conducted in the Dumont dUrville Sea off the Terre Adélie coastline, south of 65°S and between 139 and 146°E. Sea ice concentration data derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E) data were analysed for the period 2003 to 2009. Sea ice concentration was found to be least variable in three regions, namely the Buchanan Bay/Watt Bay region (143145°E), along 65.5°S (west of 144.5°E), and the Adélie Bank northeast of Dumont dUrville near 66°S, 140.5°E. The remaining areas had relatively high interannual variability, in particular the Adélie Basin (66°S, 140°E) and the outer fringe of the Mertz Glacier Polynya (MGP). In general, higher sea ice concentration conditions were experienced in the west of the study area (i.e., where annual fast ice recurs), and open water dominated in the MGP and in the northeast. The years 20072009 experienced greater persistence of higher sea ice concentration than earlier years. This study provides a baseline for assessing changes in the regional sea ice regime that may occur since the calving of the Mertz Glacier in February 2010. |
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1142 |
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ISSN |
1873-9652 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3319 |
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Author |
Schöne Bernd R, Wanamaker Jr Alan D, Fiebig Jens, Thébault Julien, Kreutz Karl, |
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Title |
Annually resolved 13Cshell chronologies of long-lived bivalve mollusks (Arctica islandica) reveal oceanic carbon dynamics in the temperate North Atlantic during recent centuries
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol |
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Volume |
302 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
31-42 |
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Keywords |
Sclerochronology, Stable carbon isotope ratio, Carbon dioxide, Dissolved inorganic carbon, Oceanic Suess effect, |
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Abstract |
The ability of the ocean to absorb carbon dioxide is likely to be adversely affected by recent climate change. However, relatively little is known about the spatiotemporal variability in the oceanic carbon cycle due to the lack of long-term, high-resolution dissolved inorganic carbon isotope (13CDIC) data, especially for the temperate North Atlantic, which is the major oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Here, we report shell carbon isotope values (13Cshell), a potential proxy for 13CDIC, of old-grown specimens of the long-lived bivalve mollusk, Arctica islandica. This paper presents the first absolutely dated, annually resolved 13Cshell record from surface waters of the North Atlantic (Iceland, Gulf of Maine) covering the time interval between 1753 and 2003. According to our results, the 13Cshell data were unaffected by trends related to ontogenetic age. However, the shell carbonate was precipitated with a constant offset from expected equilibrium by 1.54 to 2.7 ± 0.2 corresponding to a 6.2 to 10.8 ± 0.8% contribution of respiratory CO2 ( 25). The offset did not appear to vary through the lifetime of individual specimens and among specimens. Therefore, the 13Cshell data of this species can very likely be used as a measure of 13CDIC. |
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Programme |
1090 |
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ISSN |
0031-0182 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1514 |
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Author |
Kennicutt MC, Chown SL, Cassano JJ, Liggett D, Peck LS, Massom R, Rintoul SR, Storey J, Vaughan DG, Wilson TJ, Allison I, Ayton J, Badhe R, Baeseman J, Barrett PJ, Bell RE, Bertler N, Bo S, Brandt A, Bromwich D, Cary SC, Clark MS, Convey P, Costa ES, Cowan D, Deconto R, Dunbar R, Elfring C, Escutia C, Francis J, Fricker HA, Fukuchi M, Gilbert N, Gutt J, Havermans C, Hik D, Hosie G, Jones C, Kim YD, Le Maho Y, Lee SH, Leppe M, Leitchenkov G, Li X, Lipenkov V, Lochte K, López-Martínez J, Lüdecke C, Lyons W, Marenssi S, Miller H, Morozova P, Naish T, Nayak S, Ravindra R, Retamales J, Ricci CA, Rogan-Finnemore M, Ropert-Coudert Y, Samah AA, Sanson L, Scambos T, Schloss IR, Shiraishi K, Siegert MJ, Simões JC, Storey B, Sparrow MD, Wall DH, Walsh JC, Wilson G, Winther JG, Xavier JC, Yang H, Sutherland WJ, |
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Title |
A roadmap for Antarctic and Southern Ocean science for the next two decades and beyond
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antarct. Sci. |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
01 |
Pages |
3-18 |
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Keywords |
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, extraordinary logistics, future directions, horizon scan, research priorities, technological challenges, |
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Abstract |
Antarctic and Southern Ocean science is vital to understanding natural variability, the processes that govern global change and the role of humans in the Earth and climate system. The potential for new knowledge to be gained from future Antarctic science is substantial. Therefore, the international Antarctic community came together to ‘scan the horizon’ to identify the highest priority scientific questions that researchers should aspire to answer in the next two decades and beyond. Wide consultation was a fundamental principle for the development of a collective, international view of the most important future directions in Antarctic science. From the many possibilities, the horizon scan identified 80 key scientific questions through structured debate, discussion, revision and voting. Questions were clustered into seven topics: i) Antarctic atmosphere and global connections, ii) Southern Ocean and sea ice in a warming world, iii) ice sheet and sea level, iv) the dynamic Earth, v) life on the precipice, vi) near-Earth space and beyond, and vii) human presence in Antarctica. Answering the questions identified by the horizon scan will require innovative experimental designs, novel applications of technology, invention of next-generation field and laboratory approaches, and expanded observing systems and networks. Unbiased, non-contaminating procedures will be required to retrieve the requisite air, biota, sediment, rock, ice and water samples. Sustained year-round access to Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will be essential to increase winter-time measurements. Improved models are needed that represent Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in the Earth System, and provide predictions at spatial and temporal resolutions useful for decision making. A co-ordinated portfolio of cross-disciplinary science, based on new models of international collaboration, will be essential as no scientist, programme or nation can realize these aspirations alone. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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Cambridge University Press |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0954-1020 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6153 |
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Author |
Chauvaud Laurent, Thébault Julien, Clavier Jacques, Lorrain Anne, Strand Øivind, |
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Title |
Whats Hiding Behind Ontogenetic 13C Variations in Mollusk Shells? New Insights from the Great Scallop (Pecten maximus)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
ESTUARIES AND COASTS |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
211-220- |
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Keywords |
Scallop shells, Carbon isotopes, Phytoplankton, Ontogeny, Proxy, |
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Abstract |
Mollusk shells contain geochemical information about environmental conditions that prevailed at the time of formation. We investigated ontogenetic and seasonal variations of δ13C in calcitic shells of Pecten maximus. Ontogenetic variations of δ13Cshell in three large specimens collected in Norway, France, and Spain exhibited a similar linear decrease with increasing shell height. We removed this linear drift (detrending). These three residual time series displayed variations that could be linked to environmental fluctuations. To check it, we reanalyzed the isotopic datasets of Lorrain et al. (Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 275:47–61, 2002, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68:3509–3519, 2004), who worked on three scallops harvested in 2000 in the bay of Brest (France), a well-monitored ecosystem. Lowest values of δ13Cshell detrended were recorded in all shells in late spring–early summer, most likely reflecting corresponding variations in food availability. Our results indicate that ontogenetic and seasonal variations of δ13Cshell cannot be used as a proxy for past δ13CDIC variations but should be considered as promising tools for ecophysiological studies. |
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1090 |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1559-2723 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1472 |
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Author |
Mémin A, Rogister Y, Hinderer J, Omang O C, Luck B, |
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Title |
Secular gravity variation at Svalbard (Norway) from ground observations and GRACE satellite data
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
0956-540X |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1119-1130 |
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Keywords |
Satellite geodesy, Time variable gravity, Global change from geodesy, Arctic region, |
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Abstract |
The Svalbard archipelago, Norway, is affected by both the present-day ice melting (PDIM) and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) subsequent to the Last Pleistocene deglaciation. The induced deformation of the Earth is observed by using different techniques. At the Geodetic Observatory in Ny-Ålesund, precise positioning measurements have been collected since 1991, a superconducting gravimeter (SG) has been installed in 1999, and six campaigns of absolute gravity (AG) measurements were performed between 1998 and 2007. Moreover, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission provides the time variation of the Earth gravity field since 2002. The goal of this paper is to estimate the present rate of ice melting by combining geodetic observations of the gravity variation and uplift rate with geophysical modelling of both the GIA and Earth's response to the PDIM. We estimate the secular gravity variation by superimposing the SG series with the six AG measurements. We collect published estimates of the vertical velocity based on GPS and VLBI data. We analyse the GRACE solutions provided by three groups (CSR, GFZ, GRGS). The crux of the problem lies in the separation of the contributions from the GIA and PDIM to the Earth's deformation. To account for the GIA, we compute the response of viscoelastic Earth models having different radial structures of mantle viscosity to the deglaciation histories included in the models ICE-3G or ICE-5G. To account for the effect of PDIM, we compute the deformation of an elastic Earth model for six models of ice-melting extension and rates. Errors in the gravity variation and vertical velocity are estimated by taking into account the measurement uncertainties and the variability of the GRACE solutions and GIA and PDIM models. The ground observations agree with models that involve a current ice loss of 25 km3 water equivalent yr1 over Svalbard, whereas the space observations give a value in the interval [5, 18] km3 water equivalent yr1. A better modelling of the PDIM, which would include the precise topography of the glaciers and altitude-dependency of ice melting, is necessary to decrease the discrepancy between the two estimates.
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Programme |
337 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1365-246X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3617 |
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Author |
Swadling Kerrie M, Penot Florian, Vallet Carole, Rouyer Armelle, Gasparini Stéphane, Mousseau Laure, Smith Martina, Goffart Anne, Koubbi Philippe, |
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Title |
Interannual variability of zooplankton in the Dumont dUrville sea (139°E 146°E), east Antarctica, 20042008
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Polar Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
118-133 |
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Keywords |
Salinity, Temperature, Sea ice, Zooplankton-environment relationships, Mertz glacier, |
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Abstract |
Spatial and temporal variability of zooplankton was studied during five summers (20042008) in the Dumont dUrville Sea, east Antarctica. The species recorded, based on the catch of a 500 m-mesh Bongo net, were typical of southern continental shelf communities in Antarctica, including Euphausia crystallorophias, polychaetes, pteropods and biomass-dominant copepods. There was a strong degree of temporal variation in abundance, possibly related to the thickness and extent of the sea ice cover during each spring prior to the surveys. Total mean abundance was highly variable between years, with a minimum of 961 ind. 1000 m3 in 2004 (range 653407 ind. 1000 m3) and a maximum of 15,627 ind. 1000 m3 in 2005 (range 510933,869 ind. 1000 m3). Spatially, within each year, abundances were also variable, and there were no uniform patterns in abundance from year to year. Water column physical characteristics (temperature and salinity) were relatively constant and did not contribute substantially to variation between the years. It is likely that variation in zooplankton distribution was largely related to a combination of localised features, such as the thickness and extent of sea ice cover, the position and extent of the Mertz Polynya, local wind conditions and bathymetric features. |
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1142 |
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ISSN |
1873-9652 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3325 |
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Author |
Garcia, S.; Angelier, J.; Bergerat, F.; Homberg, C.; Dauteuil, O. |
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Title |
Influence of rift jump and excess loading on the structural evolution of northern Iceland |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Tectonics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
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rift jump; structural evolution; lava dip; dyke; fault; flexure zone; Iceland; 8010 Structural Geology: Fractures and faults; 8036 Structural Geology: Paleoseismology; 8178 Tectonophysics: Tectonics and magmatism; 8137 Tectonophysics: Hotspots, large igneous provinces, and flood basalt volcanism; 9325 Geographic Location: Atlantic Ocean |
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Abstract |
New structural data combined with published structural and geochronological data allow reconstruction of the structural evolution that followed the last rift jump across northern Iceland. Tertiary lava flows erupted along the Skagafjördur paleo-rift have been down-bent under the weight of, and in the direction of, Plio-Pleistocene lava flows emitted from the Northern Volcanic Zone and the central part of Iceland. This down-bending process involved development of local flexure zones and a flexural extension along the resulting monoclines. This structural reorganization explains the existence of the Húnaflói-Skagi synform without need for a paleo-rift axis along it, in agreement with previous radiometric dating. The large amount of Plio-Pleistocene lava flows erupted in Central Iceland may have been enhanced by ice cap loading. |
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316 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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ISSN |
0278-7407 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5497 |
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