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Adam T. Devlin, Jiayi Pan, Hui Lin. (2020). Multi-Timescale Analysis of Tidal Variability in the Indian Ocean Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (Vol. 125).
Abstract: Ocean tides have been observed to be changing worldwide for nonastronomical reasons, which can combine with rising mean sea level (MSL) to increase the long-term impact to coastal regions. Tides can also exhibit variability at shorter timescales, which may be correlated with short-term variability in MSL. This short-term coupling may yield higher peak water levels and increased impacts of exceedance events that may be equally significant as long-term sea level rise. Previous studies employed the tidal anomaly correlation (TAC) method to quantify the sensitivity of tides to MSL fluctuations at long-period (>20 years) tide gauges in basin-scale surveys of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, finding that TACs exist at most locations. The Indian Ocean also experiences significant sea level rise and tidal variability yet has been less studied due to a sparse network of tide gauges. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, more tide gauges have been established in a wider geographical range, bringing the possibility of better estimates of tidal and MSL variability. Here, we improve the TAC approach, using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to analyze tidal amplitudes and sea level at multiple frequency bands, allowing a more effective use of shorter record tide gauges and better understanding of multiple timescales of tidal variability. We apply this approach to 73 tide gauges in the Indian Ocean to better quantify tidal variability in these under-studied regions, finding that the majority of locations exhibit significant correlations of tides and MSL.
Keywords: Coastal risks Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Indian Ocean Sea level variability Tidal evolution Tidal variability
Programme: 688
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Sanne Muis, Martin Verlaan, Robert J. Nicholls, Sally Brown, Jochen Hinkel, Daniel Lincke, Athanasios T. Vafeidis, Paolo Scussolini, Hessel C. Winsemius, Philip J. Ward. (2017). A comparison of two global datasets of extreme sea levels and resulting flood exposure (Vol. 5).
Keywords: coastal floods extreme sea levels flood risk hydrodynamic modeling natural hazards storm surge
Programme: 688
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. (2019). Towards Comprehensive Observing and Modeling Systems for Monitoring and Predicting Regional to Coastal Sea Level.
Abstract: A major challenge for managing impacts and implementing effective mitigation and adaptation strategies for coastal zones affected by future sea level (SL) rise is our very limited capacity to predict SL change on coastal scales, over various timescales. Predicting coastal SL requires the ability to monitor and simulate a multitude of physical processes affecting SL, from local effects of wind waves and river runoff to remote influences of the large-scale ocean circulation on the coast. Here we assess our current understanding of the causes of coastal SL variability on seasonal to multi-decadal timescales, including geodetic, oceanographic and atmospheric aspects of the problem, and review available observing systems informing on coastal SL. We also review the ability of current models and data assimilation systems to estimate coastal SL variations and of atmosphere-ocean global coupled models and related regional downscaling efforts to project future SL changes. We discuss (1) key observational gaps and uncertainties, and priorities for the development of an optimal and integrated coastal SL observing system, (2) strategies for advancing model capabilities in forecasting short-term processes and projecting long-term changes affecting coastal SL, and (3) possible future developments of sea level services enabling better connection of scientists and user communities and facilitating assessment and decision making for adaptation to future coastal SL change.
Keywords: coastal adaptation Coastal impacts coastal ocean modeling Coastal sea level integrated observing system observational gaps Sea level trends
Programme: 688
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Chevallier F, Ciais P, Conway T J, Aalto T, Anderson B E, Bousquet P, Brunke E G, Ciattaglia L, Esaki Y, Frhlich M, Gomez A, Gomez-Pelaez A J, Haszpra L, Krummel P B, Langenfelds R L, Leuenberger M, Machida T, Maignan F, Matsueda H, Morgu J A, Mukai H, Nakazawa T, Peylin P, Ramonet M, Rivier L, Sawa Y, Schmidt M, Steele L P, Vay S A, Vermeulen A T, Wofsy S, Worthy D, . (2010). CO2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements
. J. Geophys. Res., 115(D21), D21307–.
Keywords: CO2, flux inversion, 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks, 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling, 3315 Atmospheric Processes: Data assimilation, 3260 Mathematical Geophysics: Inverse theory,
Programme: 416
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. (2012). Inter-oceanic variation in patterns of host-associated divergence in a seabird ectoparasite
. J. Biogeogr., 39(3), 545–555.
Abstract: Aim Parasites with global distributions and wide host spectra provide excellent models for exploring the factors that drive parasite diversification. Here, we tested the relative force of host and geography in shaping population structure of a widely distributed and common ectoparasite of colonial seabirds, the tick Ixodes uriae. Location Two natural geographic replicates of the system: numerous seabird colonies of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean basins. Methods Using eight microsatellite markers and tick samples from a suite of multi-specific seabird colonies, we examined tick population structure in the North Pacific and compare patterns of diversity and structure to those in the Atlantic basin. Analyses included population genetic estimations of diversity and population differentiation, exploratory multivariate analyses, and Bayesian clustering approaches. These different analyses explicitly took into account both the geographic distance among colonies and host use by the tick. Results Overall, little geographic structure was observed among Pacific tick populations. However, host-related genetic differentiation was evident, but was variable among host types and lower than in the North Atlantic. Main conclusions Tick population structure is concordant with the genetic structure observed in seabird host species within each ocean basin, where seabird populations tend to be less structured in the North Pacific than in the North Atlantic. Reduced tick genetic structure in the North Pacific suggests that host movement among colonies, and thus tick dispersal, is higher in this region. In addition to information on parasite diversity and gene flow, our findings raise interesting questions about the subtle ways that host behaviour, distribution and phylogeographic history shape the genetics of associated parasites across geographic landscapes.
Keywords: Co-evolution, host race, hostparasite interactions, Ixodes uriae, microsatellite, North Atlantic, North Pacific, tick,
Programme: 333
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. (2009). AIRS-based versus flask-based estimation of carbon surface fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 114(D20), D20303–.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates an inversion of surface CO2 fluxes using concentrations derived from assimilation of satellite radiances. Radiances come from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and are assimilated within the system of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We evaluate the quality of the inverted fluxes by comparing simulated concentrations with independent airborne measurements. As a benchmark we use an inversion based on surface flask measurements and another using only the global concentration trend. We show that the AIRS-based inversion is able to improve the match to the independent data compared to the prior estimate but that it usually performs worse than either the flask-based or trend-based inversion.
Keywords: CO 2 surface fluxes, inverse method, AIRS satellite data, 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks, 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling, 0480 Biogeosciences: Remote sensing, 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 3315 Atmospheric Processes: Data assimilation,
Programme: 416
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Stephanie Jenouvrier. (2013). Impacts of climate change on avian populations (Vol. 19).
Keywords: climatic niche extinction extreme events IPCC stochastic population projection uncertainties
Programme: 109
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Delmotte, M.; Chappellaz, J.; Brook, E.; Yiou, P.; Barnola, J.M.; Goujon, C.; Raynaud, D.; Lipenkov, V.I. (2004). Atmospheric methane during the last four glacial-interglacial cycles: Rapid changes and their link with Antarctic temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 109.
Keywords: climate; atmospheric methane; ice core; 0325 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Evolution of the atmosphere; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere; 1615 Global Change: Biogeochemical processes; 3339 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Ocean/atmosphere interactions
Programme: 439;902
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. (2023). Keystone seabird may face thermoregulatory challenges in a warming Arctic (Vol. 13).
Abstract: Climate change affects the Arctic more than any other region, resulting in evolving weather, vanishing sea ice and altered biochemical cycling, which may increase biotic exposure to chemical pollution. We tested thermoregulatory impacts of these changes on the most abundant Arctic seabird, the little auk (Alle alle). This small diving species uses sea ice-habitats for foraging on zooplankton and resting. We equipped eight little auks with 3D accelerometers to monitor behavior, and ingested temperature recorders to measure body temperature (Tb). We also recorded weather conditions, and collected blood to assess mercury (Hg) contamination. There were nonlinear relationships between time engaged in different behaviors and Tb. Tb increased on sea ice, following declines while foraging in polar waters, but changed little when birds were resting on water. Tb also increased when birds were flying, and decreased at the colony after being elevated during flight. Weather conditions, but not Hg contamination, also affected Tb. However, given our small sample size, further research regarding thermoregulatory effects of Hg is warranted. Results suggest that little auk Tb varies with behavior and weather conditions, and that loss of sea ice due to global warming may cause thermoregulatory and energic challenges during foraging trips at sea.
Keywords: Climate-change ecology Ecophysiology
Programme: 388
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Pak Gyundo, Park Young-Hyang, Vivier Frederic, Kwon Young-Oh, Chang Kyung-Il, . (2014). Regime-Dependent Nonstationary Relationship between the East Asian Winter Monsoon and North Pacific Oscillation
. 0894-8755, 27(21), 8185–8204.
Keywords: Climate variability, Interannual variability, Interdecadal variability, North Pacific Oscillation,
Programme: 1061
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