|   | 
Details
   web
Records
Author Bosqued J M, Ashour-Abdalla M, Umeda T, El Alaoui M, Peroomian V, Frey H U, Marchaudon A, Laakso H,
Title Cluster observations and numerical modeling of energy-dispersed ionospheric H+ ions bouncing at the plasma sheet boundary layer Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication J. Geophys. Res. Abbreviated Journal J. Geophys. Res.
Volume 114 Issue A4 Pages A04216-
Keywords (down) dispersed structures, 2704 Magnetospheric Physics: Auroral phenomena, 2736 Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions, 2455 Ionosphere: Particle precipitation, 2463 Ionosphere: Plasma convection, 2753 Magnetospheric Physics: Numerical modeling,
Abstract The Cluster mission offers a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of the energy-dispersed ion structures frequently observed at 4.5–5 R E altitude in the auroral region. We present a detailed study of the 14 February 2001 northern pass, characterized by the successive observation by three spacecraft of a series of energy-dispersed structures at ~72–75 ILAT in a region of poleward convection. Equatorward, the satellites also observed a localized, steady, and intense source of outflowing energetic (3–10 keV) H+ and O+ ions. These substructures were modeled by launching millions of H+ ions from this ionospheric source and following them through time-dependent electric and magnetic fields obtained from a global MHD simulation of this event. Despite the complexity of ion orbits, the simulations showed that a large number of ions returned to the Cluster location, poleward of their source, in a number of adjacent or overlapping energy-latitude substructures with the correct dispersion. The first dispersed echo was unexpectedly generated by “half-bouncing” ions that interacted with the current sheet to return to the same hemisphere. The time-shifted observations made by two Cluster (SC1 and SC3) spacecrafts were correctly reproduced. Almost all the ions returning to the spacecraft underwent a ~2–5 keV nonadiabatic acceleration at each interaction with the current sheet in a very confined resonant region. This acceleration explains the overall energy increase from one structure to the next. This event confirms the importance of the ionospheric source in populating bouncing ion clusters within the magnetosphere, even at high latitudes.
Programme 312;911
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher AGU Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0148-0227 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 2893
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gauthier Gilles, Milot Emmanuel, Weimerskirch Henri,
Title Estimating dispersal, recruitment and survival in a biennially breeding species, the Wandering Albatross Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Abbreviated Journal J. Ornithol.
Volume 152 Issue 2 Pages 457-467-
Keywords (down) Dispersal, Philopatry, Recruitment, Multistate model, Unobservable state,
Abstract The study of dispersal or recruitment in long-lived birds using capture–recapture methods is challenging because temporary emigration is often a source of heterogeneity in detection probabilities. To deal with this problem, we introduced unobservable states in the multistate, spatial recruitment model of Lebreton et al. (Oikos 101:253–264, 2003) to study dispersal, recruitment and survival in the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans), a species with a biennial reproduction (individuals skip breeding following a successful reproduction). We highlight some of the limitations and challenges encountered in using this approach. Our dataset came from a 36-year capture–recapture study conducted at three colonies of the Crozet archipelago. The model had five reproductive stages: pre-breeders, successful breeders, failed breeders, and birds in the year after a successful or a failed breeding attempt, which are unobservable. In adults, movements between colonies (i.e. breeding dispersal) were nested within reproductive stages. Several models with different constraints on survival equally fitted the data but had some rank deficiencies (i.e. non-identifiable parameters). Survival estimates were most biologically realistic (from 0.91 to 0.95) when survival was set equal between observable/unobservable states but free to vary between successful/failed breeders and among colonies. Age-specific recruitment probabilities peaked at 9–10 years and appeared well estimated despite limitations in setting the age of constant recruitment probability. Modelling natal dispersal and recruitment required a simplification of the structure of the model due to computer limitations. When applying the complete and reduced versions of the model to the same dataset, we found that survival was well estimated in both cases. Some transition probability estimates were also similar, but transitions from unobservable to observable states were poorly estimated in the simplified version. We conclude that the simplified version of the model should be limited to the estimation of natal dispersal and that the model with a full structure should be used to estimate breeding dispersal.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2193-7192 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 3873
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord
Title Selection against immigrants in wild seabird populations Type Journal
Year 2021 Publication Ecology Letters Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 1 Pages 84-93
Keywords (down) Dispersal fitness immigrant seabirds sex-biased dispersal
Abstract Immigration is a major demographic parameter shaping population dynamics and is an important driver of eco-evolutionary patterns, but the fitness consequences for individuals following their settlement to a new population (immigrants) remain poorly tested in wild animal populations, particularly among long-lived species. Here we show that immigrants have a lower fitness than residents in three wild seabird populations (wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, southern fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides, snow petrel Pagodroma nivea). Across all species and during a 32-year period, immigrants made on average −9 to 29% fewer breeding attempts, had 5–31% fewer fledglings, had 2–16% lower breeding success and produced 6–46% fewer recruits. Female immigration and male residency were also favored through differences in breeding performance. We provide evidence for selection against immigrants in wild populations of long-lived species and our results are consistent with female-biased dispersal in birds being driven by asymmetric limiting resources and the competitive ability of dispersers vs. non-dispersers.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1461-0248 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8418
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lehnebach Carlos A., Winkworth Richard C., Becker Matthias, Lockhart Peter J., Hennion Françoise
Title Around the pole: evolution of sub‐Antarctic Ranunculus Type Journal
Year 2017 Publication Journal of Biogeography Abbreviated Journal
Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 875-886
Keywords (down) dispersal divergence time estimates ecomorphology historical biogeography phylogenetic biogeography Ranunculus sub‐Antarctic islands
Abstract Abstract Aim Despite an improved understanding of Southern Hemisphere plant biogeography, the origins and evolution of sub?Antarctic floras remain poorly studied. Here, we investigate the historical biogeography of sub?Antarctic representatives of the genus Ranunculus. We aimed to establish when and from where the sub?Antarctic ranunculi originated as well as to examine the extent to which ecomorphological traits explain contemporary biogeographical patterns. Location Southern temperate and sub?Antarctic zones. Methods We first estimated a dated phylogeny for Ranunculus using combined chloroplast and nuclear data for 53 accessions; divergence times were inferred based on three temporal calibrations. We then used non?parametric multidimensional scaling to evaluate the ecomorphological diversity of 67 austral ranunculi representing a combination of sub?Antarctic species and those restricted to lower latitude landmasses. Results Phylogenetic analyses indicated that several Ranunculus lineages have colonized the sub?Antarctic islands. Divergence time estimates suggest recent arrival from source areas in Australia, New Zealand or South America. Species exhibiting two distinct ecomorphological trait combinations occur in both sub?Antarctic and lower latitude habitats; the proportions of each combination differed significantly between these areas. Main conclusions Ranunculus has colonized the sub?Antarctic on several occasions, most often arriving from the lower latitude landmasses prior to the Last Glacial Maximum. Taken together our analyses suggest that chance effects are likely to have influenced species arrival. However, following arrival trait?environment interactions appear to have been important for the subsequent establishment and persistence of ranunculi in sub?Antarctic habitats.
Programme 136,1116
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0305-0270 ISBN 0305-0270 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 6734
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ardhuin Fabrice, Stutzmann Eleonore, Schimmel Martin, Mangeney Anne,
Title Ocean wave sources of seismic noise Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Abbreviated Journal J. Geophys. Res.
Volume 116 Issue C9 Pages C09004-
Keywords (down) directional wave spectra, ocean waves, seismic noise, wave model, 4259 Ocean acoustics, 4544 Internal and inertial waves, 4560 Surface waves and tides, 7220 Oceanic crust, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations,
Abstract Noise with periods 3 to 10 s, ubiquitous in seismic records, is expected to be mostly generated by pairs of ocean wave trains of opposing propagation directions with half the seismic frequency. Here we present the first comprehensive numerical model of microseismic generation by random ocean waves, including ocean wave reflections. Synthetic and observed seismic spectra are well correlated (r > 0.85). On the basis of the model results, noise generation events can be clustered in three broad classes: wind waves with a broad directional spectrum (class I), sea states with a significant contribution of coastal reflections (class II), and the interaction of two independent wave systems (class III). At seismic stations close to western coasts, noise generated by class II sources generally dominates, but it is intermittently outshined by the intense class III sources, limiting the reliability of seismic data as a proxy for storm climates. The modeled seismic noise critically depends on the damping of seismic waves. At some mid-ocean island stations, low seismic damping is necessary to reproduce the observed high level and smoothness of noise time series that result from a spatial integration of sources over thousands of kilometers. In contrast, some coastal stations are only sensitive to noise within a few hundreds of kilometers. This revelation of noise source patterns worldwide provides a wealth of information for seismic studies, wave climate applications, and new constraints on the possible directional distribution of wave energy.
Programme 133
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2156-2202 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 845
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ardhuin Fabrice, Balanche Abel, Stutzmann E, Obrebski Mathias,
Title From seismic noise to ocean wave parameters: General methods and validation Type Journal Article
Year 2012 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Abbreviated Journal
Volume 117 Issue C5 Pages C05002-
Keywords (down) directional spectrum, microseisms, ocean waves, 4546 Nearshore processes, 4560 Surface waves and tides, 4594 Instruments and techniques, 7219 Seismic monitoring and test-ban treaty verification, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations,
Abstract Seismic noise is an indirect source of information on ocean waves. Using a model of noise generation and propagation, seismic stations can be separated into those that are mostly sensitive to local sea states, and those that integrate sources from a large oceanic area. The model also provides a classification of noise-generating sea states into three classes. The analysis of Central California seismic noise data, well correlated with local waves, reveals that class I events dominate in summer, caused by a single wind-sea system, and for which ocean wave spectral levels are proportional to seismic spectral levels to an exponentb  0.9. In winter, noise is dominated by class II generation, for which coastal reflection is important, with a wave spectral density roughly proportional to the seismic spectral density to an exponent b  0.7. Sporadic events of class III probably produce some of the strongest noise events in Central California and need to be properly screened. These events are caused by opposed wave systems that are usually the wind-sea and a swell. This noise classification can be used to improve on the correlation between measured and estimated wave heights (up tor = 0.93 for daily averages). For other locations, where remote oceanic sources are recorded, a significant wave height estimated from the seismic noise compares well with area-averaged satellite data or wave model results (r > 0.85 for daily averages). These analyses pave the way for quantitative uses of seismic records, including the reconstruction of past wave climates, and the calibration of wave hindcasts.
Programme 133
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2156-2202 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 3832
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Weimerskirch Henri, Cherel Yves, Delord Karine, Jaeger Audrey, Patrick Samantha C, Riotte-Lambert Louise,
Title Lifetime foraging patterns of the wandering albatross: Life on the move! Type Journal Article
Year 2014 Publication Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
Volume 450 Issue Pages 68-78
Keywords (down) Diomedea exulans, Foraging movements, Lifetime distribution,
Abstract Wandering albatrosses are large long-lived seabirds that inhabit the Southern Ocean. This species uses wind to move at low energetic costs and probably represents one of the best studied life-history models in animals. Here, using both tracking and isotopic data, we report on the lifetime distribution of wandering albatrosses at sea, constructing a synthesis about how their distribution, foraging movements and feeding ecology change throughout all life-history stages (i.e. juvenile, immature, pre breeding adults, breeding adults, sabbatical adults and senescent birds). Males and females exhibit different foraging strategies that change throughout their life. For instance, as males mature from young to old stages, they progressively move from subtropical waters to Antarctic waters. In comparison, females remain in subtropical waters throughout their lives, but increase their speed of travel with age. For both sexes, the first year at sea is a critical period, when the highest mortality occurs. At this stage, juveniles have already fledged and are able to use the wind optimally to maximise movement, but require several months to reach the travelling speed of adults. Immature albatrosses remain in warm subtropical waters, before returning to their birth place and future breeding grounds from where they move as central place foragers. When recruited into the breeding population, they breed every other year. In one year they invest in one long breeding season when males and females use separate foraging zones in the subtropics and sub-Antarctic, respectively. In the subsequent year (termed “sabbatical” year), both sexes disperse across the Southern Ocean, with reduced segregation between sexes. In total, throughout the approximate 50 year lifetime of a wandering albatross, an individual is estimated to travel a mere 8.5 million km. We show that the changes in habitats and foraging strategies observed though the life time of wandering albatrosses are the results of behavioural adjustment to the successive constraints encountered, such as learning processes, breeding or ageing, and have profound consequences on survival and nesting success.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-0981 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 5119
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sophie de Grissac, Frederic Bartumeus, Sam L. Cox, Henri Weimerskirch
Title Early-life foraging: Behavioral responses of newly fledged albatrosses to environmental conditions Type Journal
Year 2017 Publication Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal
Volume 7 Issue 17 Pages 6766-6778
Keywords (down) Diomedea exulans ecology juveniles learning seabirds tracking
Abstract In order to survive and later recruit into a population, juvenile animals need to acquire resources through the use of innate and/or learnt behaviors in an environment new to them. For far-ranging marine species, such as the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, this is particularly challenging as individuals need to be able to rapidly adapt and optimize their movement strategies in response to the highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature of their open-ocean pelagic habitats. Critical to this is the development and flexibility of dispersal and exploratory behaviors. Here, we examine the movements of eight juvenile wandering albatrosses, tracked using GPS/Argos satellite transmitters for eight months following fledging, and compare these to the trajectories of 17 adults to assess differences and similarities in behavioral strategies through time. Behavioral clustering algorithms (Expectation Maximization binary Clustering) were combined with multinomial regression analyses to investigate changes in behavioral mode probabilities over time, and how these may be influenced by variations in day duration and in biophysical oceanographic conditions. We found that juveniles appeared to quickly acquire the same large-scale behavioral strategies as those employed by adults, although generally more time was spent resting at night. Moreover, individuals were able to detect and exploit specific oceanographic features in a manner similar to that observed in adults. Together, the results of this study suggest that while shortly after fledging juvenile wandering albatrosses are able to employ similar foraging strategies to those observed in adults, additional skills need to be acquired during the immature period before the efficiency of these behaviors matches that of adults.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2045-7758 ISBN 2045-7758 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7158
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Rémi Fay, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch
Title Contrasting effects of climate and population density over time and life stages in a long-lived seabird Type Journal
Year 2017 Publication Functional Ecology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 1275-1284
Keywords (down) Diomedea exulans early-life vital rate juvenile survival long-term effect recruitment age
Abstract Although population responses to environmental variability have been extensively studied for many organisms, few studies have considered early-life stages owing to the inherent difficulties in tracking the fate of young individuals. However, young individuals are expected to be more sensitive to environmental stochasticity owing to their inexperience and lower competitive abilities. Thus, they are keys to understand demographic responses of an age-structured population to environmental variability. In this study, we used capture–recapture modelling, based on a 49 year-long individual-based longitudinal monitoring dataset, to investigate climatic and population density effects on immature demographic parameters in a long-lived seabird, the wandering albatross. We provide evidence that climate and population size affected both survival and recruitment age of young individuals although in different ways according to the trait. We found that early-life survival was mainly affected by population density, whereas recruitment age variation appeared to be better explained by climatic conditions, with a surprising long-term effect of climate. While population size explained 60% of the variation in juvenile survival, the average Southern Annular Mode over the five previous years explained 52% of variation in recruitment age. In addition, although early-life survival was consistently negatively affected by population size, the relationship between recruitment age and population size shifted from negative to positive over time from the 1970s to 2000s, showing that density dependence mechanisms can temporarily disappear. Finally, we found that similar climatic conditions may affect individual performances in opposite ways according to the life stage of individuals. This result underlines the critical need to assess age-specific functional responses to environmental variability to allow accurate demographic predictions. By revealing the poorly known demographic process of younger age classes, the results of this study improve our understanding of population dynamics of long-lived marine species. A lay summary is available for this article.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1365-2435 ISBN 1365-2435 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 7159
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author RIVALAN PHILIPPE, BARBRAUD CHRISTOPHE, INCHAUSTI PABLO, WEIMERSKIRCH HENRI,
Title Combined impacts of longline fisheries and climate on the persistence of the Amsterdam Albatross Diomedia amsterdamensis Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Ibis Abbreviated Journal Ibis (Lond. 1859)
Volume 152 Issue 1 Pages 6 -18
Keywords (down) Diomedea amsterdamensis, fishing effort, Indian Ocean Dipole, multistate capture-recapture models, stochastic matrix models,
Abstract Incidental capture of seabirds in longline fishing gear is a central issue in the conservation of many long-lived marine species. Despite growing evidence of climate-induced effects on population trends of long-lived species, climate change remains generally overlooked in most risk assessments of seabirds. Because variation in climate may interact with the detrimental effects of bycatch, considering climate is of great importance, especially in the context of ongoing global warming. This paper examines the combined effects of bycatch and climate change on the persistence of one of the worlds rarest birds, the Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis, which has a single population in the upland plateau of Amsterdam Island (Southeast Indian Ocean). Using continuous monitoring from 1983 onwards, we first estimated the relationship between climate and the species demographic parameters. We then built a stochastic matrix population model to estimate the population growth rate and the probability that the population declines below the level recorded in 1983 of nine breeding pairs under different scenarios involving the joint effects of additional mortality caused by longline fisheries and climate change. The results suggest that the demography of the Amsterdam Albatross is influenced by climate in both breeding and wintering grounds and that these relationships may to some extent compensate for the impact of additive bycatch mortality. However, these compensatory effects would be negligible if the annual additional mortality exceeds around six individuals per year, suggesting that the resumption of longline fishery in the foraging range of the Amsterdam Albatross would rapidly put this species at risk of extinction.
Programme 109
Campaign
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1474-919X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 414
Permanent link to this record