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Title |
Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Evidence |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
25 |
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1036 |
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2047-2382 |
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yes |
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8386 |
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Title |
Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
20210366 |
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Keywords |
brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic |
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Abstract |
Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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8373 |
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Title |
Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
20210097 |
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Keywords |
breeding success climate window analysis emperor penguin nonlinear effect sea ice |
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Abstract |
In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability. Understanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world's longest dataset of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding parameters, we?studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI and weather conditions on?this?species' reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive to LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change. |
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109 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8040 |
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Title |
Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
775 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145238 |
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Keywords |
Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact |
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Abstract |
Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8089 |
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Title |
Differences in foraging habitat result in contrasting fisheries interactions in two albatross populations |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
Issue |
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Pages |
197-208 |
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Keywords |
Boat attraction Crozet Diomedea exulans Fisheries Fisheries discards Kerguelen |
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Abstract |
Albatrosses attend fishing boats to feed on fishing discards but are often at risk of accidental bycatch. To examine whether populations (same species) and sexes differ in their overlap with fisheries due to differences in habitat use, we combined the use of recently developed loggers equipped with GPS and boat radar detectors with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Our study indicates that incubating wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans from Crozet and Kerguelen foraged in different habitats although the duration of trips was similar. Both female and male Kerguelen birds took advantage of the large and productive surrounding shelf, whereas Crozet birds used the small shelf around the islands to a lesser extent. In Crozet, there was segregation between males and females, the latter favouring deeper and warmer waters. The 2 strategies of habitat use led to different overlap and attraction to boats, with Kerguelen birds encountering and attending boats for longer and at closer proximity to the colony than Crozet birds. Crozet females encountered boats at greater distances from the colony than males. Because of their different habitat use and foraging outside exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and further from the colony, Crozet birds attended more non-declared boats (without AIS) than Kerguelen birds. Albatrosses were more attracted by fisheries than cargo vessels and were especially attracted by fishing discards that led them to attend vessels for longer periods for both sexes and populations. The differences found between populations and individuals in terms of habitat specialization and encounter rate of fisheries should be considered for future assessments of risk of bycatch. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
7940 |
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Title |
Exploring the interplay between nest vocalizations and foraging behaviour in breeding birds |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
180 |
Issue |
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Pages |
375-391 |
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Keywords |
bird communication foraging behaviour reproductive partner vocalization |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1091 |
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ISSN |
0003-3472 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8760 |
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Title |
A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environment international |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
146 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106178 |
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Keywords |
Biological effect Bird of prey Hg Marine mammal Risk threshold Seabird |
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Abstract |
A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (HRC) and Severe Risk Category (SRC). The corresponding percentages for seabirds, fish and bivalves were 2.7%, 25% and 8.0%, respectively, although fish and bivalves were not represented in the SRC. Juveniles from all species showed to be at no or low risk. In comparison to the same species in the adjacent waters, i.e. the Greater North Sea and the North Atlantic, the estimated risk for Baltic populations is not considerably higher. These findings suggest that over the past few decades the Baltic Sea has improved considerably with respect to presenting Hg exposure to its local species, while it does still carry a legacy of elevated Hg levels resulting from high neighbouring industrial and agricultural activity and slow water turnover regime. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
0160-4120 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7985 |
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Title |
Long-term tracking of an Arctic-breeding seabird indicates high fidelity to pelagic wintering areas |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
205-218 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Global Location Sensors GLS Individual consistency Migration Nearest neighbor distance Repeatability Spatial distribution |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
330 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8607 |
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Title |
Inter-annual variation in winter distribution affects individual seabird contamination with mercury |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
676 |
Issue |
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Pages |
243-254 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Feathers Migration North Atlantic-Arctic Pollutant |
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Programme |
388 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7978 |
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Title |
A novel animal-borne miniature echosounder to observe the distribution and migration patterns of intermediate trophic levels in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
223 |
Issue |
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Pages |
103608 |
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Keywords |
Biologging Diel vertical migration Functional data analysis Marine acoustics Micronekton Sonar tag |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1201 |
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ISSN |
0924-7963 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8260 |
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