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Chuxian Li, Maxime Enrico, Oliver Magand, Beatriz F. Araujo, Gaël Le Roux, Stefan Osterwalder, Aurélien Dommergue, Yann Bertrand, Jérôme Brioude, François De Vleeschouwer, Jeroen E. Sonke |
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A peat core Hg stable isotope reconstruction of Holocene atmospheric Hg deposition at Amsterdam Island (37.8oS) |
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2023 |
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Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta |
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341 |
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62-74 |
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Hg deposition Hg stable isotopes Peat Rain Southern Hemisphere |
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Mercury (Hg) stable isotopes have been broadly used to investigate the sources, transformation and deposition of atmospheric Hg during the industrial era thanks to the multiple isotope signatures deriving from mass-dependent (represented by δ202Hg) and mass-independent fractionation (represented by ΔxxxHg) in the environment. Less is known about the impact of past climate change on atmospheric Hg deposition and cycling, and whether Hg isotopes covary with past climate. Here, we investigate Hg concentration and Hg isotope signatures in a 6600-year-old ombrotrophic peat record from Amsterdam Island (AMS, 37.8oS), and in modern AMS rainfall and gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) samples. Results show that Holocene atmospheric Hg deposition and plant Hg uptake covary with dust deposition, and are both lower under a high humidity regime associated with enhanced Southern Westerly Winds. Modern AMS gaseous Hg0 and rainfall HgII isotope signatures are similar to those in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Holocene peat Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg are significantly correlated (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.001, n = 58), consistently oscillating between the modern Hg0 and rainfall HgII end-members. Peat Δ200Hg and Δ199Hg provide evidence of plant uptake of Hg0 as the dominant pathway of Hg deposition to AMS peatland, with some exceptions during humid periods. In contrast to NH archives generally documenting a modern increase in Δ199Hg, recent peat layers (post-1900CE) from AMS show the lowest Δ199Hg in the peat profile (−0.42 ± 0.27 ‰, 1σ, n = 8). This likely reflects a significant change in the post-depositional process on deposited anthropogenic Hg in 20th century (i.e. dark abiotic reduction), enabling more negative Δ199Hg to be observed in AMS peat. We further find that the oscillations of Hg isotopes are consistent with established Holocene climate variability from dust proxies. We suggest peat Hg isotope records might be a valid rainfall indicator. |
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0016-7037 |
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8527 |
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O. I. Berngardt, J.-P. St- Maurice, J. M. Ruohoniemi, A. Marchaudon |
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Seasonal and Diurnal Dynamics of Radio Noise for 8–20 MHz Poleward-Oriented Mid-Latitude Radars |
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2022 |
Publication |
Radio Science |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e2021RS007338 |
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Keywords |
HF radars ionospheric absorption noise quiet-day curve radiowave propagation |
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Abstract |
Based on ray tracing in a smooth ionosphere described by the IRI-2012 model we have inferred the seasonal-diurnal dynamics of radio noise observed by four mid-latitude high-frequency (HF) radars. In the calculations, noise is assumed to be homogeneous and stationary, but the main contribution comes from the radar skip zone boundary due to focusing radiowaves effect. Noise absorption along the ray path is simulated from the IRI-2012 electron density, and from the molecular nitrogen density and electron temperatures obtained from the NRLMSISE-00 model. Earth magnetic field is not taken into account both in the absorption and ray-tracing calculations due to insufficient accuracy of the ionospheric model. The model results are compared with experimental radar data, and good agreement between the two is demonstrated. It is shown that experimentally observed seasonal and diurnal dynamics of the noise correlates well with model predictions. We demonstrated saturation effect at low noise levels. The model makes it possible to estimate the amount of absorption in D- and E-layers using noise observations at SuperDARN and SuperDARN-like poleward-oriented radars, especially at mid-latitudes. This is important for the retrieval of long term variations in the electron density in the lower ionosphere, by using wide coverage provided by these radars' network. The model also makes it feasible to interpret vertical absorption by experimental noise observations, thereby significantly expanding the capability of HF radars to monitor the lower ionosphere, and to provide data for joint analysis with other data, obtained by these radars at E- and F-layer heights. |
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1944-799X |
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8075 |
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Cipro CaioVZ, Cherel Yves, Caurant Florence, Miramand Pierre, Méndez-Fernandez Paula, Bustamante Paco, |
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Title |
Trace elements in tissues of white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) from Kerguelen waters, Southern Indian Ocean
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2014 |
Publication |
POLAR BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
763-771- |
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Keywords |
Heavy metals, Seabirds, Procellariiformes, Southern Ocean, Sub-Antarctic Islands, |
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109 |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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5050 |
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Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Carine Churlaud, Jean-Pierre Ponthus, Guillaume Massé, Paco Bustamante |
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Title |
Trace elements in Antarctic fish species and the influence of foraging habitats and dietary habits on mercury levels |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
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Volume |
538 |
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Pages |
743-749 |
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Keywords |
Heavy metals Nototheniidae Southern Ocean Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
This study aims at describing and interpreting concentration profiles of trace elements in seven Antarctic fish species (N=132 specimens) off Adélie Land. Ichthyofauna plays a key role in the Antarctic ecosystem, as they occupy various ecological niches, including cryopelagic (ice-associated), pelagic, and benthic habitats. Firstly, trace element levels in the studied specimens were similar to those previously observed in fish from the Southern Ocean. Apart from manganese and zinc, concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, mercury (Hg), nickel, selenium and silver differed among fish species. Muscle δ13C and δ15N values were determined to investigate whether the fish foraging habitats and dietary habits could explain Hg levels. Species and foraging habitat (δ13C) were strong predictors for variations of Hg concentrations in muscle tissues. The highest Hg contamination was found in shallow benthic fish compared to cryopelagic and pelagic fish. This pattern was likely due to the methylation of Hg in the coastal sediment and the photodemethylation by ultraviolet radiation in surface waters. |
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1010 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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8143 |
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William D. Paterson, Laureline L. Chaise, Chris McKnight, John I. Currie, Dave Thompson, André Ancel, Caroline Gilbert, Dominic J. McCafferty |
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Title |
Metabolic heat loss in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) differs with stage of moult and between habitats |
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2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Thermal Biology |
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Volume |
104 |
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103183 |
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Keywords |
Heat loss Marine mammals Moult Pinnipeds Skin temperature Thermoregulation |
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Abstract |
The moult in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) represents an especially energetically demanding period during which seals must maintain high skin temperature to facilitate complete replacement of body fur and upper dermis. In this study, heat flux from the body surface was measured on 18 moulting southern elephant seals to estimate metabolic heat loss in three different habitats (beach, wallow and vegetation). Temperature data loggers were also deployed on 10 southern elephant seals to monitor skin surface temperature. On average, heat loss of animals on the beach was greater than in wallows or vegetation, and greater in wallows than in vegetation. Heat loss across all habitats during the moult equated to 1.8 x resting metabolic rate (RMR). The greatest heat loss of animals was recorded in the beach habitat during the late moult, that represented 2.3 x RMR. Mass loss was 3.6 ± 0.3 kg day-1, resulting in changes in body condition as the moult progressed. As body condition declined, skin surface temperature also decreased, suggesting that as animals approached the end of the moult blood flow to the skin surface was no longer required for hair growth. |
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0306-4565 |
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yes |
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8389 |
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Quesnel Yoann, Gattacceca Jérôme, Osinski Gordon R, Rochette Pierre, |
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Title |
Origin of the central magnetic anomaly at the Haughton impact structure, Canada
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
Earth and Planetary Science Letters |
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367 |
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116-122 |
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Haughton impact structure, magnetic anomaly, rock magnetism, modeling, hydrothermalism, |
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Abstract |
The 23 km-diameter well-preserved Haughton impact structure shows a rather unique combination of a positive magnetic anomaly with a negative gravity anomaly over the center of its central uplift. Using a new ground magnetic dataset and several modeling approaches, we investigate the properties and geometry of its central magnetized source. Our results confirm that a km-sized magnetic body with a narrow near-surface extension is necessary to account for the anomaly. Additional measurements of rock magnetic properties of samples of all lithologies encountered in and outside the crater show that the target sedimentary rocks and the vast majority of the Precambrian basement rocks cannot be the source of the magnetic anomaly. While in larger impact structures such magnetic anomalies are often explained by magmatic mafic intrusions or highly magnetic glass lenses in the impact melt rocks, we propose that impact-generated hydrothermal activity enhanced the magnetization of the highly-porous unmelted uplifted basement rocks. Such a process may be considered for the interpretation of the geophysical signature of planetary impact craters. |
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1068 |
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0012-821X |
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yes |
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3960 |
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Morin S, Erbland J, Savarino J, Domine F, Bock J, Friess U, Jacobi H-W, Sihler H, Martins J M F, |
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Title |
An isotopic view on the connection between photolytic emissions of NOx from the Arctic snowpack and its oxidation by reactive halogens
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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J. Geophys. Res. |
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117 |
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D00R08- |
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halogen, isotopes, nitrate, ozone, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906), 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0454 Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry (1041, 4870), 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), 9315 Geographic Location: Arctic region (0718, 4207), |
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We report on dual isotopic analyses (δ15N and Δ17O) of atmospheric nitrate at daily time-resolution during the OASIS intensive field campaign at Barrow, Alaska, in March–April 2009. Such measurements allow for the examination of the coupling between snowpack emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) and their involvement in reactive halogen-mediated chemical reactions in the Arctic atmosphere. The measurements reveal that during the spring, low δ15N values in atmospheric nitrate, indicative of snowpack emissions of NOx, are almost systematically associated with local oxidation of NOx by reactive halogens such as BrO, as indicated by 17O-excess measurements (Δ17O). The high time-resolution data from the intensive field campaign were complemented by weekly aerosol sampling between April 2009 and February 2010. The dual isotopic composition of nitrate (δ15N and Δ17O) obtained throughout this nearly full seasonal cycle is presented and compared to other seasonal-scale measurements carried out in the Arctic and in non-polar locations. In particular, the data allow for the investigation of the seasonal variations of reactive halogen chemistry and photochemical snowpack NOx emissions in the Arctic. In addition to the well characterized peak of snowpack NOx emissions during springtime in the Arctic (April to May), the data reveal that photochemical NOx emissions from the snowpack may also occur in other seasons as long as snow is present and there is sufficient UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface.
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1017 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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1881 |
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Author |
Thiebot Jb, Pinaud D, |
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Title |
Quantitative method to estimate species habitat use from light-based geolocation data
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Endangered Species Research |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
341 -353 |
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Keywords |
habitat use, kalman filter, large scale movements, light based geolocation, method, permitted without written consent, publisher, resale republication not, sea surface temperature, state space model, |
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Abstract |
The development of biologging techniques has been instrumental in studying the behaviour of wild animals and interpreting it with respect to the bio-physical features of their habi- tat. Light-based geolocation currently appears to be the only technique suitable for the study of far- ranging small species, particularly marine species, over long periods, but it provides locations with low precision. In this study, we sought to improve the exploitation of these data. Specifically, the goals were to (1) correct rather than reject estimates, especially during equinox periods, (2) perform repro- ducible time-saving routine analyses, and (3) determine the spatial likelihood of the estimations to adapt inferences on habitat use by the population. We therefore applied an existing data-processing method based on spatial template fitting, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo and state-space model- ling (Kalman filter) improved by a facultative sea surface temperature-matching procedure and a land mask. The main functions used for geolocation are grouped under the R package TripEstima- tion, freely available online. We focused on a typical example of animal movement that at present can only be ethically obtained from light-based geolocation. The method made it possible to estimate realistic positions during equinox periods and to routinely process the 12 available datasets. We thus obtained the most probable location for each sunrise/sunset as well as the posterior distribution around each estimated location, allowing an intuitive habitat use investigation at a scale of 100 km. This paper describes the method used and provides the complete and comprehensively annotated commands required for its use.
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109 |
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1613-4796 |
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yes |
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418 |
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Benjamin Merkel, Sébastien Descamps, Nigel G. Yoccoz, David Grémillet, Francis Daunt, Kjell E. Erikstad, Aleksey V. Ezhov, Mike P. Harris, Maria Gavrilo, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Tone K. Reiertsen, Harald Steen, Geir H. Systad, Þorkell Lindberg Þórarinsson, Sarah Wanless, Hallvard Strøm |
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Title |
Individual migration strategy fidelity but no habitat specialization in two congeneric seabirds |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Biogeography |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
263-275 |
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Keywords |
guillemots light-level geolocation murres Uria aalge Uria lomvia |
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Aim In migratory species, individuals often use fixed and individual-specific migration strategies, which we term individual migration strategy fidelity (IMSF). Our goal was to test if guillemots have flexible or fixed individual migration strategies (i.e. IMSF), if this behaviour is consistent across large parts of the genus’ range and if they were philopatric to geographical sites or a habitat feature. Location North Atlantic. Taxon Uria spp. Methods We quantified consistent individual differences in inter-annual spatial distribution and habitat occupied throughout the non-breeding period using a large geolocator tracking dataset of 729 adult seabirds breeding at 13 colonies across the Northeast Atlantic and repeatedly tracked up to 7 years over a 9-year period. Additionally, we used a similarity index to calculate relative fidelity to either geographical sites or habitats and linear mixed-effects models to assess persistence of spatial site fidelity over multiple years. Results Both guillemot species exhibited IMSF across a large part of the genus’ range which persisted over multiple years. Individuals of both species and almost all colonies showed fidelity to geographical sites and not to specific habitats. Main conclusions Guillemots show IMSF that is best explained by site familiarity (fidelity to specific sites) rather than habitat specialization (fidelity to specific habitats). In the context of rapidly changing environments, favourable habitats may permanently shift locations and hence species displaying IMSF driven by site familiarity—such as the genus Uria—may not be able to adjust their migration strategies sufficiently fast to sustain individual fitness and ensure population persistence. |
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1365-2699 |
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1365-2699 |
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yes |
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8025 |
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Ricaud P, Carminati F, Courcoux Y, Pellegrini A, Attié J-L, El Amraoui L, Abida R, Genthon C, August T, Warner J, |
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Title |
Statistical analyses and correlation between tropospheric temperature and humidity at Dome C, Antarctica
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
ANTARCTIC SCIENCE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Antarct. Sci. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
03 |
Pages |
290-308 |
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Keywords |
ground-based sensors,, , integrated water vapour, meteorological analyses, radiosonde, space-borne sensors, |
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Abstract |
The Dome C (Concordia) station in Antarctica (75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233 m amsl) has a unique opportunity to test the quality of remote-sensing measurements and meteorological analyses because it is situated well inside the Eastern Antarctic Plateau and is less affected by local phenomena. Measurements of tropospheric temperature and water vapor (H2O) together with the integrated water vapor (IWV) performed in 2010 are statistically analyzed to assess their quality and to study the yearly correlation between temperature and H2O over the entire troposphere. The statistical tools include yearly evolution, seasonally-averaged mean and bias, standard deviation and linear Pearson correlation. The datasets are made of measurements from the ground-based microwave radiometer H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometer (HAMSTRAD), radiosonde, in-situ sensors, the space-borne infrared sensors Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the MetOp-A platform and the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) on the AQUA platform, and the analyses from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF). Despite some obvious biases within all these datasets, our study shows that temperature and IWV are generally measured with high quality whilst H2O measurement quality is slightly worse. The AIRS and IASI measurements do not have the vertical resolution to correctly probe the lowermost troposphere, whilst HAMSTRAD loses sensitivity in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere. Within the entire troposphere over the whole year, it is found that the time evolution of temperature and H2O is highly correlated (> 0.8). This suggests that, in addition to the variability of solar radiation producing in summer an obvious diurnal cycle in the planetary boundary layer and an obvious seasonal cycle over the year, the H2O and temperature intra-seasonal variabilities are affected by the same processes, e.g. related to the long-range transport of air masses. |
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910,1013 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0954-1020 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4500 |
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