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Author |
F. Parrenin, S. Fujita, A. Abe-Ouchi, K. Kawamura, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Motoyama, F. Saito, M. Severi, B. Stenni, R. Uemura, E. W. Wolff |
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Title |
Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 ka |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
236 |
Pages |
1037-1048 |
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Keywords |
ice cores surface mass balance vertical thinning volcanic synchronization |
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Abstract |
Documenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change. Here we reconstruct past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronization of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 a, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, being small during cold periods and large during warm periods. Our results therefore reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared with DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared with DF. Within the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 0.2 from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends. |
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1203 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8288 |
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Author |
Berthier E., Le Bris R., Mabileau L., Testut L. & Rémy F. |
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Title |
Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) between 1963 and 2006 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance. |
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Abstract |
Ce travail qui n'est pas issu du programme 136 utilise des données climatologiques enregistrées Plaine Ampère et fournies par le 136 |
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136 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5933 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Berthier Etienne, Le Bris Raymond, Mabileau Laure, Testut Laurent, Rmy Frdrique, |
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Title |
Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49S, 69E) between 1963 and 2006
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 - |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance, 0720 Cryosphere: Glaciers, 0738 Cryosphere: Ice, 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology, 0758 Cryosphere: Remote sensing, 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance, |
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Abstract |
We observed the wastage of ice masses on the Kerguelen Islands (Indian Ocean, 49S, 69E) using historical information and recent satellite data. Overall, the total ice-covered area on the islands declined from 703 to 552 km2 between 1963 and 2001, a reduction of 21%. The area of Cook ice cap (the main ice body) decreased asymmetrically from 501 to 403 km2. West flowing glaciers lost 11% of their area, while east flowing glaciers lost 28%. After 1991, the retreat rate accelerated from 1.9 km2/a (1963–1991) to 3.8 km2/a (1991–2003). Between 1963 and 2000, the ice volume loss was 25–30 km3, equivalent to an area-average ice-thinning rate of 1.4–1.7 m/a. The glacial retreat took place in the climatic context of a relatively low level of precipitation (compared to the 1950s) and a ~1C warming that occurred between 1964 and 1982. The acceleration of the ice losses since at least the 1990s indicates that the state of the ice bodies on the Kerguelen Islands is still far from balanced. Together with other studies in Patagonia, South Georgia, and Heard Island, our analysis is consistent with a pattern of strong and accelerated wastage of ice masses influenced by the Southern Ocean.
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Programme |
688 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1858 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gusmeroli Alessio, Pettit Erin C, Kennedy Joseph H, Ritz Catherine, |
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Title |
The crystal fabric of ice from full-waveform borehole sonic logging
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03021- |
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Keywords |
Ice anisotropy, borehole sonic logging, ice crystal fabric, 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets, 0915 Exploration Geophysics: Downhole methods, 0935 Exploration Geophysics: Seismic methods (3025, 7294), |
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Abstract |
In an ice sheet, a preferred crystal orientation fabric affects deformation rates because ice crystals are strongly anisotropic: shear along the basal plane is significantly easier than shear perpendicular to the basal plane. The effect of fabric can be as important as temperature in defining deformation rates. Fabric is typically measured using analysis of thin sections under the microscope with co-polarized light. Due to the time-consuming and destructive nature of these measurements, however, it is difficult to capture the spatial variation in fabric necessary for evincing ice sheet flow patterns. Because an ice crystal is similarly elastically anisotropic, the speed of elastic waves through ice can be used as a proxy for quantify anisotropy. We use borehole sonic logging measurements and thin section data from Dome C, East Antarctica to define the relations between apparent fabric and borehole measured elastic speeds (compressional VP and vertically polarized shear VSV). These relations, valid for single maximum fabrics, allow in-situ, depth-continuous fabric estimates of unimodal fabric strength from borehole sonic logging. We describe the single maximum fabric using a1: the largest eigenvalue of the second-order orientation tensor. For ice at -16C and a1 in the 0.7-1 range the relations are VP = 248 a13.7 + 3755 m s-1 and VSV = -210a17.3 + 1968 m s-1.
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Programme |
902 |
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AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
505 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Pieterse G, Krol M C, Batenburg A M, M Brenninkmeijer C A, Popa M E, O'Doherty S, Grant A, Steele L P, Krummel P B, Langenfelds R L, Wang H J, Vermeulen A T, Schmidt M, Yver C, Jordan A, Engel A, Fisher R E, Lowry D, Nisbet E G, Reimann S, Vollmer M K, Steinbacher M, Hammer S, Forster G, Sturges W T, Röckmann T, |
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Title |
Reassessing the variability in atmospheric H2 using the two-way nested TM5 model
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3764-3780 |
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Keywords |
Hydrogen isotopes, Molecular hydrogen, Chemical Transport Model, Tropospheric budget, Dry deposition, Sources and sinks, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0322 Constituent sources and sinks, 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
416 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4839 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Beine Harry, Anastasio Cort, Esposito Giulio, Patten Kelley, Wilkening Elizabeth, Domine Florent, Voisin Didier, Barret Manuel, Houdier Stephan, Hall Sam, |
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Title |
Soluble, light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D00R05- |
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Keywords |
HULIS, OASIS, chromophores, light absorption, snow pack, 0317 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks, 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
As part of the international multidisciplinary Ocean – Atmosphere – Sea Ice – Snowpack (OASIS) program we analyzed more than 500 terrestrial (melted) snow samples near Barrow, AK between February and April 2009 for light absorption, as well as H2O2 and inorganic anion concentrations. For light absorption in the photochemically active region (300–450 nm) of surface snows, H2O2 and NO3- make minor contributions (combined < 9% typically), while HUmic LIke Substances (HULIS) and unknown chromophores each account for approximately half of the total absorption. We have identified four main sources for our residual chromophores (i.e., species other than H2O2 or NO3-): (1) vegetation and organic debris impact mostly the lowest 20 cm of the snowpack, (2) marine inputs, which are identified by high Cl- and SO42- contents, (3) deposition of diamond dust to surface snow, and (4) gas-phase exchange between the atmosphere and surface snow layers. The snow surfaces, and accompanying chromophore concentrations, are strongly modulated by winds and snowfall at Barrow. However, even with these physical controls on light absorption, we see an overall decline of light absorption in near-surface snow during the 7 weeks of our campaign, likely due to photo-bleaching of chromophores. While HULIS and unknown chromophores dominate light absorption by soluble species in Barrow snow, we know little about the photochemistry of these species, and thus we as a community are probably overlooking many snowpack photochemical reactions.
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Programme |
1017 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1145 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Voisin Didier, Jaffrezo Jean-Luc, Houdier Stphan, Barret Manuel, Cozic Julie, King Martin D, France James L, Reay Holly J, Grannas Amanda, Kos Gregor, Ariya Parisa A, Beine Harry J, Domine Florent, |
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Title |
Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D00R19- |
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Keywords |
HULIS, OASIS, carbonaceous species, snow chemistry, snow metamorphism, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906), 0706 Cryosphere: Active layer, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
Snowpacks contain many carbonaceous species that can potentially impact on snow albedo and arctic atmospheric chemistry. During the OASIS field campaign, in March and April 2009, Elemental Carbon (EC), Water insoluble Organic Carbon (WinOC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) were investigated in various types of snow: precipitating snows, remobilized snows, wind slabs and depth hoars. EC was found to represent less than 5% of the Total Carbon Content (TCC = EC + WinOC + DOC), whereas WinOC was found to represent an unusual 28 to 42% of TCC. Snow type was used to infer physical processes influencing the evolution of different fractions of DOC. DOC is highest in soil influenced indurated depth hoar layers due to specific wind related formation mechanisms in the early season. Apart from this specific snow type, DOC is found to decrease from precipitating snow to remobilized snow to regular depth hoar. This decrease is interpreted as due to cleaving photochemistry and physical equilibration of the most volatile fraction of DOC. Depending on the relative proportions of diamond dust and fresh snow in the deposition of the seasonal snowpack, we estimate that 31 to 76% of DOC deposited to the snowpack is reemitted back to the boundary layer. Under the assumption that this reemission is purely photochemical, we estimate an average flux of VOC out of the snowpack of 20 to 170 μgC m-2 h-1. Humic like substances (HULIS), short chain diacids and aldehydes are quantified, and showed to represent altogether a modest (<20%) proportion of DOC, and less than 10% of DOC + WinOC. HULIS optical properties are measured and could be consistent with aged biomass burning or a possible marine source.
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Programme |
1017 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
841 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gilbert Caroline, McCafferty Dominic, Le Maho Yvon, Martrette Jean-Marc, Giroud Sylvain, Blanc Stéphane, Ancel André, |
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Title |
One for all and all for one: the energetic benefits of huddling in endotherms
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
545 -569 |
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Keywords |
huddling, group, social behaviour, thermoregulation, energy conservation, ambient temperature, mammals, birds, |
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Abstract |
Huddling can be defined as an active and close aggregation of animals. It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface-to-volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy. Huddling allows individuals to maximise energy savings by (1) decreasing their cold-exposed body surface area, (2) reducing their heat loss through warming of ambient temperatures surrounding the group, and (3) eventually lowering their body temperature through physiological processes. Huddling provides substantial energy savings and is estimated to reduce energy expenditure by between 6 and 53%. Broad variations in the energetic benefits of huddling depend on the number of individuals and species involved in huddles, the ambient temperatures to which individuals are exposed and the density of the aggregations. It has been shown that huddling individuals have increased survival, a lower food intake, a decreased body mass loss, increased growth rate, reduced water loss, and/or a more constant body temperature together with a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Though huddling has been studied widely, this review reveals the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.
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Programme |
137 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
88 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gilbert Caroline, McCafferty Dominic, Le Maho Yvon, Martrette Jean-Marc, Giroud Sylvain, Blanc Stéphane, Ancel André, |
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Title |
One for all and all for one: the energetic benefits of huddling in endotherms
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
545-569 |
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Keywords |
huddling, group, social behaviour, thermoregulation, energy conservation, ambient temperature, mammals, birds, |
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Abstract |
Huddling can be defined as an active and close aggregation of animals. It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface-to-volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy. Huddling allows individuals to maximise energy savings by (1) decreasing their cold-exposed body surface area, (2) reducing their heat loss through warming of ambient temperatures surrounding the group, and (3) eventually lowering their body temperature through physiological processes. Huddling provides substantial energy savings and is estimated to reduce energy expenditure by between 6 and 53%. Broad variations in the energetic benefits of huddling depend on the number of individuals and species involved in huddles, the ambient temperatures to which individuals are exposed and the density of the aggregations. It has been shown that huddling individuals have increased survival, a lower food intake, a decreased body mass loss, increased growth rate, reduced water loss, and/or a more constant body temperature together with a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Though huddling has been studied widely, this review reveals the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.
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Programme |
137 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3125 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bart Van de Vijver, Pieter Scholberg, Marc Lebouvier |
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Title |
Pinnularia schoelynckiana, a new limnoterrestrial diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen (southern Indian Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Botany Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
167 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
42-49 |
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Keywords |
hot springs morphology new species Pinnularia sub-Antarctica |
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Abstract |
An unknown Pinnularia taxon was recorded during a survey of the limno-terrestrial diatom flora of some hot springs in the Val Travers area (Grande Terre, Iles Kerguelen, sub-Antarctic region). The morphology of the species was investigated using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these results, the species could not be identified using the currently available literature and is therefore described as a new species: Pinnularia schoelynckiana sp. nov. The new species is characterized by rhombic-lanceolate valves, radiate, geniculate striae changing into strongly convergent near the apices and an undulating, lateral raphe. A detailed morphological comparison is made with similar Pinnularia species, described from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Brief notes on the associated diatom flora and its ecology are added. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Corporate Author |
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ISSN |
2381-8107 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7716 |
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Permanent link to this record |