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Author |
F. Parrenin, S. Fujita, A. Abe-Ouchi, K. Kawamura, V. Masson-Delmotte, H. Motoyama, F. Saito, M. Severi, B. Stenni, R. Uemura, E. W. Wolff |
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Title |
Climate dependent contrast in surface mass balance in East Antarctica over the past 216 ka |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
236 |
Pages |
1037-1048 |
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Keywords  |
ice cores surface mass balance vertical thinning volcanic synchronization |
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Abstract |
Documenting past changes in the East Antarctic surface mass balance is important to improve ice core chronologies and to constrain the ice-sheet contribution to global mean sea-level change. Here we reconstruct past changes in the ratio of surface mass balance (SMB ratio) between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Dome Fuji (DF) East Antarctica ice core sites, based on a precise volcanic synchronization of the two ice cores and on corrections for the vertical thinning of layers. During the past 216 000 a, this SMB ratio, denoted SMBEDC/SMBDF, varied between 0.7 and 1.1, being small during cold periods and large during warm periods. Our results therefore reveal larger amplitudes of changes in SMB at EDC compared with DF, consistent with previous results showing larger amplitudes of changes in water stable isotopes and estimated surface temperature at EDC compared with DF. Within the last glacial inception (Marine Isotope Stages, MIS-5c and MIS-5d), the SMB ratio deviates by up to 0.2 from what is expected based on differences in water stable isotope records. Moreover, the SMB ratio is constant throughout the late parts of the current and last interglacial periods, despite contrasting isotopic trends. |
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1203 |
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0022-1430, 1727-5652 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8288 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance. |
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136 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5933 |
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Author |
Berthier Etienne, Le Bris Raymond, Mabileau Laure, Testut Laurent, Rmy Frdrique, |
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Title |
Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49S, 69E) between 1963 and 2006
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 - |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance, 0720 Cryosphere: Glaciers, 0738 Cryosphere: Ice, 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology, 0758 Cryosphere: Remote sensing, 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance, |
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Programme |
688 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1858 |
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Author |
Gusmeroli Alessio, Pettit Erin C, Kennedy Joseph H, Ritz Catherine, |
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Title |
The crystal fabric of ice from full-waveform borehole sonic logging
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03021- |
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Keywords |
Ice anisotropy, borehole sonic logging, ice crystal fabric, 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets, 0915 Exploration Geophysics: Downhole methods, 0935 Exploration Geophysics: Seismic methods (3025, 7294), |
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Abstract |
In an ice sheet, a preferred crystal orientation fabric affects deformation rates because ice crystals are strongly anisotropic: shear along the basal plane is significantly easier than shear perpendicular to the basal plane. The effect of fabric can be as important as temperature in defining deformation rates. Fabric is typically measured using analysis of thin sections under the microscope with co-polarized light. Due to the time-consuming and destructive nature of these measurements, however, it is difficult to capture the spatial variation in fabric necessary for evincing ice sheet flow patterns. Because an ice crystal is similarly elastically anisotropic, the speed of elastic waves through ice can be used as a proxy for quantify anisotropy. We use borehole sonic logging measurements and thin section data from Dome C, East Antarctica to define the relations between apparent fabric and borehole measured elastic speeds (compressional VP and vertically polarized shear VSV). These relations, valid for single maximum fabrics, allow in-situ, depth-continuous fabric estimates of unimodal fabric strength from borehole sonic logging. We describe the single maximum fabric using a1: the largest eigenvalue of the second-order orientation tensor. For ice at -16C and a1 in the 0.7-1 range the relations are VP = 248 a13.7 + 3755 m s-1 and VSV = -210a17.3 + 1968 m s-1.
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Programme |
902 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
505 |
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Author |
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Title |
Reassessing the variability in atmospheric H2 using the two-way nested TM5 model
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3764-3780 |
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Keywords |
Hydrogen isotopes, Molecular hydrogen, Chemical Transport Model, Tropospheric budget, Dry deposition, Sources and sinks, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0322 Constituent sources and sinks, 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
416 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4839 |
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Author |
Beine Harry, Anastasio Cort, Esposito Giulio, Patten Kelley, Wilkening Elizabeth, Domine Florent, Voisin Didier, Barret Manuel, Houdier Stephan, Hall Sam, |
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Title |
Soluble, light-absorbing species in snow at Barrow, Alaska
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D00R05- |
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Keywords |
HULIS, OASIS, chromophores, light absorption, snow pack, 0317 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0322 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks, 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1017 |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1145 |
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Author |
Voisin Didier, Jaffrezo Jean-Luc, Houdier Stphan, Barret Manuel, Cozic Julie, King Martin D, France James L, Reay Holly J, Grannas Amanda, Kos Gregor, Ariya Parisa A, Beine Harry J, Domine Florent, |
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Title |
Carbonaceous species and humic like substances (HULIS) in Arctic snowpack during OASIS field campaign in Barrow
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D00R19- |
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Keywords |
HULIS, OASIS, carbonaceous species, snow chemistry, snow metamorphism, 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906), 0706 Cryosphere: Active layer, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
Snowpacks contain many carbonaceous species that can potentially impact on snow albedo and arctic atmospheric chemistry. During the OASIS field campaign, in March and April 2009, Elemental Carbon (EC), Water insoluble Organic Carbon (WinOC) and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) were investigated in various types of snow: precipitating snows, remobilized snows, wind slabs and depth hoars. EC was found to represent less than 5% of the Total Carbon Content (TCC = EC + WinOC + DOC), whereas WinOC was found to represent an unusual 28 to 42% of TCC. Snow type was used to infer physical processes influencing the evolution of different fractions of DOC. DOC is highest in soil influenced indurated depth hoar layers due to specific wind related formation mechanisms in the early season. Apart from this specific snow type, DOC is found to decrease from precipitating snow to remobilized snow to regular depth hoar. This decrease is interpreted as due to cleaving photochemistry and physical equilibration of the most volatile fraction of DOC. Depending on the relative proportions of diamond dust and fresh snow in the deposition of the seasonal snowpack, we estimate that 31 to 76% of DOC deposited to the snowpack is reemitted back to the boundary layer. Under the assumption that this reemission is purely photochemical, we estimate an average flux of VOC out of the snowpack of 20 to 170 μgC m-2 h-1. Humic like substances (HULIS), short chain diacids and aldehydes are quantified, and showed to represent altogether a modest (<20%) proportion of DOC, and less than 10% of DOC + WinOC. HULIS optical properties are measured and could be consistent with aged biomass burning or a possible marine source.
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Programme |
1017 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
841 |
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Title |
One for all and all for one: the energetic benefits of huddling in endotherms
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
545 -569 |
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Keywords |
huddling, group, social behaviour, thermoregulation, energy conservation, ambient temperature, mammals, birds, |
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Abstract |
Huddling can be defined as an active and close aggregation of animals. It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface-to-volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy. Huddling allows individuals to maximise energy savings by (1) decreasing their cold-exposed body surface area, (2) reducing their heat loss through warming of ambient temperatures surrounding the group, and (3) eventually lowering their body temperature through physiological processes. Huddling provides substantial energy savings and is estimated to reduce energy expenditure by between 6 and 53%. Broad variations in the energetic benefits of huddling depend on the number of individuals and species involved in huddles, the ambient temperatures to which individuals are exposed and the density of the aggregations. It has been shown that huddling individuals have increased survival, a lower food intake, a decreased body mass loss, increased growth rate, reduced water loss, and/or a more constant body temperature together with a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Though huddling has been studied widely, this review reveals the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.
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Programme |
137 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Place of Publication |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Serial |
88 |
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Author |
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Title |
One for all and all for one: the energetic benefits of huddling in endotherms
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
545-569 |
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Keywords |
huddling, group, social behaviour, thermoregulation, energy conservation, ambient temperature, mammals, birds, |
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Abstract |
Huddling can be defined as an active and close aggregation of animals. It is a cooperative group behaviour, permitting individuals involved in social thermoregulation to minimize heat loss and thereby lower their energy expenditure, and possibly allowing them to reallocate the saved energy to other functions such as growth or reproduction. Huddling is especially important in the case of animals faced with high heat loss due to a high surface-to-volume ratio, poor insulation, or living in cold environments. Although numerous experimental studies have focused on the huddling behaviour of a wide range of species, to our knowledge, this is the first attempt to review the various implications of this widely used behavioural strategy. Huddling allows individuals to maximise energy savings by (1) decreasing their cold-exposed body surface area, (2) reducing their heat loss through warming of ambient temperatures surrounding the group, and (3) eventually lowering their body temperature through physiological processes. Huddling provides substantial energy savings and is estimated to reduce energy expenditure by between 6 and 53%. Broad variations in the energetic benefits of huddling depend on the number of individuals and species involved in huddles, the ambient temperatures to which individuals are exposed and the density of the aggregations. It has been shown that huddling individuals have increased survival, a lower food intake, a decreased body mass loss, increased growth rate, reduced water loss, and/or a more constant body temperature together with a significant reduction in metabolic rate. Though huddling has been studied widely, this review reveals the intricacies of this adaptive behaviour.
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Programme |
137 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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ISSN |
1469-185X |
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yes |
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Serial |
3125 |
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Author |
Bart Van de Vijver, Pieter Scholberg, Marc Lebouvier |
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Title |
Pinnularia schoelynckiana, a new limnoterrestrial diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen (southern Indian Ocean) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Botany Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
167 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
42-49 |
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Keywords |
hot springs morphology new species Pinnularia sub-Antarctica |
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Abstract |
An unknown Pinnularia taxon was recorded during a survey of the limno-terrestrial diatom flora of some hot springs in the Val Travers area (Grande Terre, Iles Kerguelen, sub-Antarctic region). The morphology of the species was investigated using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these results, the species could not be identified using the currently available literature and is therefore described as a new species: Pinnularia schoelynckiana sp. nov. The new species is characterized by rhombic-lanceolate valves, radiate, geniculate striae changing into strongly convergent near the apices and an undulating, lateral raphe. A detailed morphological comparison is made with similar Pinnularia species, described from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Brief notes on the associated diatom flora and its ecology are added. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2381-8107 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7716 |
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