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. (2021). Global economic costs of aquatic invasive alien species (Vol. 775).
Abstract: Much research effort has been invested in understanding ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) across ecosystems and taxonomic groups, but empirical studies about economic effects lack synthesis. Using a comprehensive global database, we determine patterns and trends in economic costs of aquatic IAS by examining: (i) the distribution of these costs across taxa, geographic regions and cost types; (ii) the temporal dynamics of global costs; and (iii) knowledge gaps, especially compared to terrestrial IAS. Based on the costs recorded from the existing literature, the global cost of aquatic IAS conservatively summed to US$345 billion, with the majority attributed to invertebrates (62%), followed by vertebrates (28%), then plants (6%). The largest costs were reported in North America (48%) and Asia (13%), and were principally a result of resource damages (74%); only 6% of recorded costs were from management. The magnitude and number of reported costs were highest in the United States of America and for semi-aquatic taxa. Many countries and known aquatic alien species had no reported costs, especially in Africa and Asia. Accordingly, a network analysis revealed limited connectivity among countries, indicating disparate cost reporting. Aquatic IAS costs have increased in recent decades by several orders of magnitude, reaching at least US$23 billion in 2020. Costs are likely considerably underrepresented compared to terrestrial IAS; only 5% of reported costs were from aquatic species, despite 26% of known invaders being aquatic. Additionally, only 1% of aquatic invasion costs were from marine species. Costs of aquatic IAS are thus substantial, but likely underreported. Costs have increased over time and are expected to continue rising with future invasions. We urge increased and improved cost reporting by managers, practitioners and researchers to reduce knowledge gaps. Few costs are proactive investments; increased management spending is urgently needed to prevent and limit current and future aquatic IAS damages.
Keywords: Brackish Freshwater Habitat biases InvaCost Marine Monetary impact
Programme: 136
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. (2021). Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird (Vol. 17).
Abstract: In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability. Understanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world's longest dataset of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding parameters, we?studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI and weather conditions on?this?species' reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive to LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change.
Keywords: breeding success climate window analysis emperor penguin nonlinear effect sea ice
Programme: 109
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. (2021). Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion (Vol. 17).
Abstract: Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process.
Keywords: brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic
Programme: 1041
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. (2021). Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map (Vol. 10).
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. (2021). Marine snow morphology illuminates the evolution of phytoplankton blooms and determines their subsequent vertical export (Vol. 12).
Keywords: Carbon cycle Marine biology
Programme: 1164
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John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Paco Bustamante, Yves Cherel, Keith A. Hobson. (2021). Quantifying capital versus income breeding: New promise with stable isotope measurements of individual amino acids (Vol. 90).
Keywords: carbon-13 compound-specific isotope analysis CSIA discrimination fasting fractionation nitrogen-15
Programme: 109
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Alexandra Lavrillier, Semen Gabyshev, Liudmila Egorova, Galina Makarova, Maia Lomovtseva-Adukanova. (2021). Analysing Non-Existent and Existing Tourisms in Eastern Siberia among the Evenki, Even, Koryak and Itelmen.
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Alain Royer, Florent Domine, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Nicolas Marchand, Gautier Davesne. (2021). New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada.
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. (2021). Individual-based model of population dynamics in a sea urchin of the Kerguelen Plateau (Southern Ocean), Abatus cordatus, under changing environmental conditions (Vol. 440).
Keywords: Climate change Dynamic energy budget Ecological modelling Endemic echinoderm Individual-based model Kerguelen Model sensitivity
Programme: 1044
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. (2021). Is the southern crab Halicarcinus planatus (Fabricius, 1775) the next invader of Antarctica? (Vol. 27).
Keywords: climate change establishment niche modelling non-native species reptant crab Southern Ocean survival thermotolerance
Programme: 1044
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