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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-14 |
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Keywords  |
cosmogenic nuclide dating deglaciation exhumation fission-track dating Late Palaeozoic Ice Age subglacial incision |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1003 |
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ISSN |
0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7692 |
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Title |
Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: Opportunities for pathogen spread |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
367-378 |
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Keywords |
conservation biology disease ecology dynamic space utilization individual heterogeneity movement ecology Pasteurella multocida sentinel species serology |
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Abstract |
The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread. However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub)populations when foraging. Determining whether some individuals or populations play a prominent role in the spread of pathogens is critical to inform management measures. We explored movements and epidemiological status of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus, the only avian terrestrial consumer native of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), to assess whether and how they could be involved in the spread of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which recurrently causes avian cholera outbreaks in endangered albatross and penguin species breeding on the island. High proportions of seropositive and DNA-positive individuals for P. multocida indicated that skuas are highly exposed to the pathogen and may be able to transmit it. Movement tracking revealed that the foraging ranges of breeding skuas largely overlap among individuals and expand all along the coasts where albatrosses and penguins nest, but not on the inland plateau hosting the endemic Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Considering the epidemiological and movement data, skua movements may provide opportunity for pathogen spread among and within seabird colonies. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the importance of considering the behaviour and epidemiological status of predators and scavengers in disease dynamics because the foraging movements of individuals of such species can potentially limit the efficiency of local management measures in spatially structured host communities. Such species could thus represent priority vaccination targets to implement efficient management measures aiming at limiting pathogen spread and also be used as sentinels to monitor pathogen circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of management measures. |
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Programme |
109,1151 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1365-2664 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7683 |
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Title |
Weak effects of geolocators on small birds: A meta-analysis controlled for phylogeny and publication bias |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
207-220 |
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Keywords |
condition migration phenology reproduction return rate survival tag effect tracking device |
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Abstract |
Currently, the deployment of tracking devices is one of the most frequently used approaches to study movement ecology of birds. Recent miniaturization of light-level geolocators enabled studying small bird species whose migratory patterns were widely unknown. However, geolocators may reduce vital rates in tagged birds and may bias obtained movement data. There is a need for a thorough assessment of the potential tag effects on small birds, as previous meta-analyses did not evaluate unpublished data and impact of multiple life-history traits, focused mainly on large species and the number of published studies tagging small birds has increased substantially. We quantitatively reviewed 549 records extracted from 74 published and 48 unpublished studies on over 7,800 tagged and 17,800 control individuals to examine the effects of geolocator tagging on small bird species (body mass <100 g). We calculated the effect of tagging on apparent survival, condition, phenology and breeding performance and identified the most important predictors of the magnitude of effect sizes. Even though the effects were not statistically significant in phylogenetically controlled models, we found a weak negative impact of geolocators on apparent survival. The negative effect on apparent survival was stronger with increasing relative load of the device and with geolocators attached using elastic harnesses. Moreover, tagging effects were stronger in smaller species. In conclusion, we found a weak effect on apparent survival of tagged birds and managed to pinpoint key aspects and drivers of tagging effects. We provide recommendations for establishing matched control group for proper effect size assessment in future studies and outline various aspects of tagging that need further investigation. Finally, our results encourage further use of geolocators on small bird species but the ethical aspects and scientific benefits should always be considered. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7670 |
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Author |
Korbinian Sager, Christian Boehm, Laura Ermert, Lion Krischer, Andreas Fichtner |
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Title |
Global-Scale Full-Waveform Ambient Noise Inversion |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2019JB018644 |
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Keywords |
computational seismology full-waveform inversion global tomography interferometry seismic noise |
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Abstract |
We present the first application of full-waveform ambient noise inversion to observed correlation functions that jointly constrains 3-D Earth structure and heterogeneous noise sources. For this, we model and interpret ambient noise correlations as recordings of correlation wavefields, which completely eliminates the limiting assumptions of Green's function retrieval, such as equipartitioning and homogeneous random noise sources. Our method accounts for seismic wave propagation physics in 3-D heterogeneous and attenuating media and also for the heterogeneous and nonstationary nature of the ambient noise field. Designed as a proof of concept, the study considers long periods from 100 to 300 s, thus focusing on the Earth's hum. Treating correlations as self-consistent observables allows us to make separate measurements on the causal and acausal branches of correlation functions, without any need to choose one of them or form the average. We validate our approach by assessing the quality of the obtained models and by comparing them to previous studies. This work is a step toward the establishment of full-waveform ambient noise inversion as a tomographic technique with the goal to go beyond ambient noise tomography based on Green's function retrieval. |
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Programme |
133 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2169-9356 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7794 |
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Author |
C. Michelot, A. Kato, T. Raclot, K. Shiomi, P. Goulet, P. Bustamante, Y. Ropert-Coudert |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Marine Ecology Progress Series |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
640 |
Issue |
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Pages |
215-230 |
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Keywords |
Colony Diet GPS Incubation trip Pygoscelis adeliae Sea-ice edge Stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1091 |
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ISSN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
ISBN |
0171-8630, 1616-1599 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7680 |
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Author |
Adam T. Devlin, Jiayi Pan, Hui Lin |
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Title |
Multi-Timescale Analysis of Tidal Variability in the Indian Ocean Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e2020JC016604 |
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Keywords |
Coastal risks Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Indian Ocean Sea level variability Tidal evolution Tidal variability |
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Abstract |
Ocean tides have been observed to be changing worldwide for nonastronomical reasons, which can combine with rising mean sea level (MSL) to increase the long-term impact to coastal regions. Tides can also exhibit variability at shorter timescales, which may be correlated with short-term variability in MSL. This short-term coupling may yield higher peak water levels and increased impacts of exceedance events that may be equally significant as long-term sea level rise. Previous studies employed the tidal anomaly correlation (TAC) method to quantify the sensitivity of tides to MSL fluctuations at long-period (>20 years) tide gauges in basin-scale surveys of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, finding that TACs exist at most locations. The Indian Ocean also experiences significant sea level rise and tidal variability yet has been less studied due to a sparse network of tide gauges. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, more tide gauges have been established in a wider geographical range, bringing the possibility of better estimates of tidal and MSL variability. Here, we improve the TAC approach, using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to analyze tidal amplitudes and sea level at multiple frequency bands, allowing a more effective use of shorter record tide gauges and better understanding of multiple timescales of tidal variability. We apply this approach to 73 tide gauges in the Indian Ocean to better quantify tidal variability in these under-studied regions, finding that the majority of locations exhibit significant correlations of tides and MSL. |
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Programme |
688 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2169-9291 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7956 |
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Author |
David Boertmann, Flemming Merkel, Olivier Gilg |
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Title |
Seabird Breeding Colonies in East and North Greenland: A Baseline |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ARCTIC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20-39 |
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Keywords |
climate change colonial seabirds distribution Greenland |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1036 |
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ISSN |
1923-1245 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7681 |
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Title |
Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts? |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
6-12 |
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Keywords |
Cestodes Eimerians Faecal prevalence Greenland Population dynamics Rodent-parasites interactions |
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Abstract |
Many rodents, including most populations of arctic lemmings (genus Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), have cyclic population dynamics. Among the numerous hypotheses which have been proposed and tested to explain this typical characteristic of some terrestrial vertebrate communities, trophic interactions have often been presented as the most likely drivers of these periodic fluctuations. The possible role of parasites has, however, only seldom been assessed. In this study, we genetically measured the prevalence of two endoparasite taxa, eimerians and cestodes, in 372 faecal samples from collared lemmings, over a five year period and across three distant sites in Northeast Greenland. Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7% over all sites and years) and this taxon was only found at one site (although in 4 out of 5 years) in adult hosts. By contrast, we found high prevalence for eimerians (77.7% over all sites and years), which occurred at all sites, in every year, for both age classes (at the Hochstetter Forland site where both adult and juvenile faeces were collected) and regardless of reproductive and social status inferred from the characteristics of the lemming nests where the samples had been collected. Prevalence of eimerians significantly varied among years (not among sites) and was higher for juvenile than for adult lemmings at the Hochstetter Forland site. However, higher prevalence of eimerians (Pt) was only associated with lower lemming density (Nt) at one of the three sites and we found no delayed density dependence between Nt and Pt+1 to support the parasite hypothesis. Our results show that there is no clear relation between lemming density and eimerian faecal prevalence in Northeast Greenland and hence no evidence that eimerians could be driving the cyclic population dynamics of collared lemmings in this region. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2213-2244 |
ISBN |
2213-2244 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7616 |
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Title |
A geochemical investigation of an Early Inuit semi-subterranean winter dwelling in a periglacial context |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of archaeological science: reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102552 |
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Keywords |
C-N analysis Cryosolic soils geochemistry FTIR ICP-AES Inuit archaeology Nunavik Semi-subterranean house |
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Abstract |
Geochemical investigations using FTIR, ICP-AES and C-N analyses were carried out on a single-family semi-subterranean Inuit house in order to assess the contribution of Inuit domestic activities in the formation of cryosolic soils in a periglacial archaeological context (Kuuvik Bay, Nunavik, Canada). The geochemical elements data were analyzed using box plots and enrichment factors. The information was also summarized and visualized through principal component analysis (PCA). These complementary statistical approaches provided evidence of a moderate but identifiable and significant imprint of Inuit domestic activities on soil geochemistry. The box plots indicate moderate Ca, Mn, Cu and P enrichments and more noticeable Mg, Fe and S enrichments. These enrichment factors and the ICP-AES data show that samples from the peripheral wall and the tunnel entrance of the house and its vicinity are significantly enriched. While FTIR analysis highlighted the main soil element contents (e.g., organic and mineral components), ICP-AES analysis was used to further document variations in the background elements throughout the site. However, the obtained results do not allow us to undertake a spatial analysis of Inuit activities or to describe them in detail. In addition, the data highlight the difficulty of documenting the natural variability of element contents in cryosolic soils, especially in archaeological contexts. Cryo-pedological processes in the active layer as well as house cleaning and nutrient inputs resulting from Inuit occupations may have attenuated chemical signatures of previous Inuit domestic activities. |
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Programme |
1080 |
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LOTECHAIN |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2352-409X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8206 |
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Author |
Petra Quillfeldt, Henri Weimerskirch, Karine Delord, Yves Cherel |
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Title |
Niche switching and leapfrog foraging: movement ecology of sympatric petrels during the early breeding season |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Movement Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
23 |
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Keywords |
Breeding schedule Central-place forager Foraging ecology Tracking |
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Abstract |
The timing of events in the early part of the breeding season is crucially important for successful reproduction. Long-lived animals that migrate large distances independently of each other meet at the breeding sites to re-establish their pair bonds and coordinate their breeding duties with their partners. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2051-3933 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8080 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
