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Author |
Qin Yilong, Capdeville Yann, Montagner Jean-Paul, Boschi Lapo, Becker Thorsten W, |
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Title |
Reliability of mantle tomography models assessed by spectral element simulation
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Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
0956-540X |
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Volume |
177 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
125-144 |
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Keywords  |
Surface waves and free oscillations, Seismic tomography, Computational seismology, |
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Abstract |
Global tomographic models collected in the Seismic wave Propagation and Imaging in Complex (SPICE media: a European network) model library () share a similar pattern of long, spatial wavelength heterogeneity, but are not consistent at shorter spatial wavelengths. Here, we assess the performance of global tomographic models by comparing how well they fit seismic waveform observations, in particular Love and Rayleigh wave overtones and fundamental modes. We first used the coupled spectral element method (CSEM) to calculate long-period (>100 s) synthetic seismograms for different global tomography models. The CSEM can incorporate the effect of three-dimensional (3-D) variations in velocity, anisotropy, density and attenuation with very little numerical dispersion. We then compared quantitatively synthetic seismograms and real data. To restrict ourselves to high-quality overtone data, and to minimize the effects of the finite extent of seismic sources and of crustal heterogeneity, we favour deep (>500 km) earthquakes of intermediate magnitude (Mw7). Our comparisons reveal that: (1) The 3-D global tomographic models explain the data much better than the one-dimensional (1-D) anisotropic Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). The current 3-D tomographic models have captured the large-scale features of upper-mantle heterogeneities, but there is still some room for the improvement of large-scale features of global tomographic models. (2) The average correlation coefficients for deep events are higher than those for shallow events, because crustal structure is too complex to be completely incorporated into CSEM simulations. (3) The average correlation coefficient (or the time lag) for the major-arc wave trains is lower (or higher) than that for the minor-arc wave trains. Therefore, the current tomographic models could be much improved by including the major-arc wave trains in the inversion. (4) The shallow-layer crustal correction has more effects on the fundamental surface waves than on the overtones.
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133 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-246X |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2928 |
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Author |
Eisen, O.; Frezzotti, M.; Genthon, C.; Isaksson, E.; Magand, O.; van den Broeke, M.R.; Dixon, D.A.; Ekaykin, A.; Holmlund, P.; Kameda, T.; Karlöf, L.; Kaspari, S.; Lipenkov, V.Y.; Oerter, H.; Takahashi, S.; Vaughan, D.G. |
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Title |
Ground-based measurements of spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation in East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Reviews of geophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
surface mass balance; East Antarctica; measurements; ground-truthing; 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance; 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets; 0794 Cryosphere: Instruments and techniques; 9310 Geographic Location: Antarctica; 1621 Global Change: Cryospheric change |
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Abstract |
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest, highest, coldest, driest, and windiest ice sheet on Earth. Understanding of the surface mass balance (SMB) of Antarctica is necessary to determine the present state of the ice sheet, to make predictions of its potential contribution to sea level rise, and to determine its past history for paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, SMB values are poorly known because of logistic constraints in extreme polar environments, and they represent one of the biggest challenges of Antarctic science. Snow accumulation is the most important parameter for the SMB of ice sheets. SMB varies on a number of scales, from small-scale features (sastrugi) to ice-sheet-scale SMB patterns determined mainly by temperature, elevation, distance from the coast, and wind-driven processes. In situ measurements of SMB are performed at single points by stakes, ultrasonic sounders, snow pits, and firn and ice cores and laterally by continuous measurements using ground-penetrating radar. SMB for large regions can only be achieved practically by using remote sensing and/or numerical climate modeling. However, these techniques rely on ground truthing to improve the resolution and accuracy. The separation of spatial and temporal variations of SMB in transient regimes is necessary for accurate interpretation of ice core records. In this review we provide an overview of the various measurement techniques, related difficulties, and limitations of data interpretation; describe spatial characteristics of East Antarctic SMB and issues related to the spatial and temporal representativity of measurements; and provide recommendations on how to perform in situ measurements. |
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Programme |
411;454 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
8755-1209 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5492 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Magand, O.; Genthon, C.; Fily, M.; Krinner, G.; Picard, G.; Frezzotti, M.; Ekaykin, A.A. |
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Title |
An up-to-date quality-controlled surface mass balance data set for the 90°–180°E Antarctica sector and 1950–2005 period |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
surface mass balance; East Antarctica; data quality; 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance; 9310 Geographic Location: Antarctica; 0736 Cryosphere: Snow; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology; 0794 Cryosphere: Instruments and techniques |
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Abstract |
On the basis of thousands of surface mass balance (SMB) field measurements over the entire Antarctic ice sheet it is currently estimated that more than 2 Gt of ice accumulate each year at the surface of Antarctica. However, these estimates suffer from large uncertainties. Various problems affect Antarctic SMB measurements, in particular, limited or unwarranted spatial and temporal representativeness, measurement inaccuracy, and lack of quality control. We define quality criteria on the basis of (1) an up-to-date review and quality rating of the various SMB measurement methods and (2) essential information (location, dates of measurements, time period covered by the SMB values, and primary data sources) related to each SMB data. We apply these criteria to available SMB values from Queen Mary to Victoria lands (90°–180°E Antarctic sector) from the early 1950s to present. This results in a new set of observed SMB values for the 1950–2005 time period with strong reduction in density and coverage but also expectedly reduced inaccuracies and uncertainties compared to other compilations. The quality-controlled SMB data set also contains new results from recent field campaigns (International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE), Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE), and Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) projects) which comply with the defined quality criteria. A comparative evaluation of climate model results against the quality-controlled updated SMB data set and other widely used ones illustrates that such Antarctic SMB studies are significantly affected by the quality of field SMB values used as reference. |
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Programme |
411;454 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5502 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Okal Emile A, Stein Seth, |
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Title |
Observations of ultra-long period normal modes from the 2004 SumatraAndaman earthquake
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
53-62 |
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Keywords |
Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Normal modes, Splitting, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9201 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2918 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Baroni, Mlanie; Savarino, Jol; Cole-Dai, J.; Rai, V.K.; Thiemens, M.H. |
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Title |
Anomalous sulfur isotope compositions of volcanic sulfate over the last millennium in Antarctic ice cores |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
D20 |
Pages |
D20112 |
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Keywords |
sulfur isotope anomaly; volcanic eruption; ice cores; 0370 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Volcanic effects; 0454 Biogeosciences: Isotopic composition and chemistry; 0473 Biogeosciences: Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography; 0724 Cryosphere: Ice cores; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry |
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Abstract |
The reconstruction of past volcanism from glaciological archives is based on the measurement of sulfate concentrations in ice. This method does not allow a proper evaluation of the climatic impact of an eruption owing to the uncertainty in classifying an event between stratospheric or tropospheric. This work develops a new method, using anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in order to identify stratospheric eruptions over the last millennium. The advantages and limits of this new method are established with the examination of the 10 largest volcanic signals in ice cores from Dome C and South Pole, Antarctica. Of the 10, seven are identified as stratospheric eruptions. Among them, three have been known to be stratospheric (Tambora, Kuwae, the 1259 Unknown Event) and they exhibit anomalous sulfur isotope compositions. Three unknown events (circa 1277, 1230, 1170 A.D.) and the Serua eruption have been identified as stratospheric eruptions, which suggests for the first time that they could have had significant climatic impact. However, the Kuwae and the 1259 Unknown Event stratospheric eruptions exhibit different anomalous sulfur isotope compositions between South Pole and Dome C samples. Differences in sulfate deposition and preservation patterns between the two sites can help explain these discrepancies. This study shows that the presence of an anomalous sulfur isotope composition of volcanic sulfate in ice core indicates a stratospheric eruption, but the absence of such composition does not necessarily lead to the conclusion of a tropospheric process because of differences in the sulfate deposition on the ice sheet. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Campaign |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
AGU |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
6048 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Preunkert, S.; Jourdain, B.; Legrand, M.; Udisti, R.; Becagli, S.; Cerri, O. |
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Title |
Seasonality of sulfur species (dimethyl sulfide, sulfate, and methanesulfonate) in Antarctica: Inland versus coastal regions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
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Pages |
D15302 |
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Keywords |
sulfur cycle; DMS; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles |
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Abstract |
To gain a better understanding of sulfate and methanesulfonate (MS?) signals recorded in central Antarctic ice cores in terms of past atmospheric changes, an atmospheric year-round study of these aerosols was performed in 2006 at the Concordia station (75°S, 123°E) located on the high Antarctic plateau. In addition, a year-round study of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), the gaseous precursor of sulfur aerosol, was conducted in 2007. The DMS mixing ratio remains below 1 pptv from October to January and exhibits a maximum of 10 pptv during the first half of winter (from April to July). Surprisingly, the well-marked maximum of sulfur aerosol recorded in January at coastal Antarctic sites is observed at Concordia for sulfate but not for MS? which peaks before and after sulfate in November and March, respectively. This first study of DMS and of its by-oxidation aerosol species conducted at inland Antarctica points out the complex coupling between transport and photochemistry of sulfur species over Antarctica. The findings highlight the complexity of the link between MS? ice core records extracted at high Antarctic plateau sites and DMS emissions from the Southern ocean. |
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Programme |
414;903;1181 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5518 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Preunkert, S.; Legrand, M.; Jourdain, B.; Moulin, C.; Belviso, S.; Kasamatsu, N.; Fukuchi, M.; Hirawake, T. |
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Title |
Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
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Keywords |
sulfur cycle; Antarctica; dimethylsulfure; 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes; 0330 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Geochemical cycles; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: composition and chemistry; 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry |
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Abstract |
A multiple year-round study of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (from December 1998 to April 2003) as well as sulfur-derived aerosols (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate) (from March 1991 to February 2003) was conducted at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. The three sulfur-derived species exhibit a seasonal cycle characterized by maxima in midsummer (January). Whereas the interannual variability of winter levels remains low, a strong interannual variability is shown in summer, particularly for DMS and MSA, and to a lesser extent for non-sea-salt sulfate. Over the 1998–2003 time period, January 2002 stands out with high values for all sulfur species. These interannual variabilities of atmospheric summer levels are examined in the light of seawater chlorophyll a content derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data (themselves compared to field measurements made south of 60°S), oceanic DMS levels estimated from chlorophyll a SeaWiFS data, and various sea-ice indices. |
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Programme |
414 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5603 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bulat Sergey A, Alekhina Irina A, Marie Dominique, Martins Jean, Petit Jean Robert, |
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Title |
Searching for life in extreme environments relevant to Jovians Europa: Lessons from subglacial ice studies at Lake Vostok (East Antarctica)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Advances in Space Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
697-701 |
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Keywords |
Subglacial environments, Antarctica, Low biomass, Forward contamination, Astrobiology, Icy worlds, |
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Abstract |
The objective was to estimate the genuine microbial content of ice samples from refrozen water (accretion ice) from the subglacial Lake Vostok (Antarctica) buried beneath the 4-km thick East Antarctic ice sheet. The samples were extracted by heavy deep ice drilling from 3659 m below the surface. High pressure, a low carbon and chemical content, isolation, complete darkness and the probable excess of oxygen in water for millions of years characterize this extreme environment. A decontamination protocol was first applied to samples selected for the absence of cracks to remove the outer part contaminated by handling and drilling fluid. Preliminary indications showed the accretion ice samples to be almost gas free with a low impurity content. Flow cytometry showed the very low unevenly distributed biomass while repeated microscopic observations were unsuccessful. |
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Programme |
355 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0273-1177 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3463 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Féral, J.-P., E. Poulin, C.A. González-wevar, N. Améziane, C. Guillaumot, E. Develay And T. Saucède |
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Title |
Long-term monitoring of coastal benthic habitats in the Kerguelen Islands: a legacy of decades of marine biology research |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
The kerguelen plateau: marine ecosystem and fisheries. proceedings of the second symposium |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
383-402 |
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Keywords |
sub-Antarctic islands, climate change, frontal shifts, marine reserve, benthos monitoring, thermo recorders, settlement plots, artificial reefs, habitat mapping, scientific diving |
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Abstract |
In the current context of climate change, sea-surface temperature variation, sea level rise and latitudinal shifts of currents and hydrological fronts are expected to affect marine biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic Islands, particularly in coastal waters. Characterising the impacts of climate change on marine communities requires recording environmental modifications through the establishment of long-term monitoring. PROTEKER aims at the establishment of a submarine observatory consisting of multi-disciplinary research: oceanography, habitat mapping and species inventories, genetic, eco-physiological and trophic analyses. It also aims to provide scientific standards for the management of the Kerguelen Marine Reserve. Eighteen sampling sites of previous programs were revisited by scuba diving among which eight were selected for monitoring and were progressively equipped. ROV observations and beam trawling have also been conducted for contextualisation. These sites (Morbihan Bay (4), North (2) and South (2) coast) are monitored using photo/video surveys, temperature and salinity sensors, and settlement plots. Sessile communities collected on settlement plots will be characterised yearly through morphological and DNA techniques. Phylogeographical studies of target taxa are being conducted to improve our knowledge of endemicity and connectivity levels among sub-Antarctic islands. |
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Programme |
1044 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
978-1-876934-30-9 |
ISBN |
978-1-876934-30-9 |
Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
Second Symposium on Kerguelen Plateau Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries,, Hobart, Tasmania, 13–15 November 2017 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7491 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lalouette L, Williams CM, Cottin M, Sinclair BJ, Renault D, |
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Title |
Thermal biology of the alien ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus introduced to the Kerguelen Islands
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
POLAR BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
509-517- |
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Keywords |
Sub-Antarctic island, Insect, Critical thermal limit, Survival, Fluctuating thermal regime, Metabolic rate, |
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Abstract |
Thermal tolerance is one of the major determinants of successful establishment and spread of invasive aliens. Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) was accidentally introduced to Kerguelen from the Falkland Islands in 1913. On Kerguelen, the climate is cooler than the Falklands Islands but has been getting warmer since the 1990s, in synchrony with the rapid expansion of M. soledadinus. We aimed to investigate the thermal sensitivity in adults of M. soledadinus and hypothesised that climate warming has assisted the colonisation process of M. soledadinus. We examined (1) survival of constant low temperatures and at fluctuating thermal regimes, (2) the critical thermal limits (CTmin and CTmax) of acclimated individuals (4, 8 and 16°C), (3) the metabolic rates of acclimated adults at temperatures from 0 to 16°C. The FTRs moderately increased the duration of survival compared to constant cold exposure. M. soledadinus exhibited an activity window ranged from −5.5 ± 0.3 to 38 ± 0.5°C. The Q 10 after acclimation to temperatures ranging from 0 to 16°C was 2.49. Our work shows that this species is only moderately cold tolerant with little thermal plasticity. The CTmin of M. soledadinus are close to the low temperatures experienced in winter on Kerguelen Islands, but the CTmax are well above summer conditions, suggesting that this species has abundant scope to deal with current climate change. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Campaign |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer-Verlag |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0722-4060 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4109 |
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