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Author |
Nettles Meredith, Dziewoski Adam M, |
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Title |
Radially anisotropic shear velocity structure of the upper mantle globally and beneath North America
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
B2 |
Pages |
B02303- |
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Keywords  |
North America, seismic velocity, anisotropy, 7208 Seismology: Mantle, 7218 Seismology: Lithosphere, 7270 Seismology: Tomography, 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations, |
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133 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2809 |
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Author |
Bruno-Charles Busseau, Alain Royer, Alexandre Roy, Alexandre Langlois, Florent Domine |
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Title |
Analysis of snow-vegetation interactions in the low Arctic-Subarctic transition zone (northeastern Canada) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Physical Geography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
159-175 |
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Keywords |
Normalized Difference Snow Index north-eastern Canada snow depth Snow remote sensing snowmelt trapping effect |
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Abstract |
Recent studies have shown that northern vegetation has been growing in relation to a warming climate over the last four decades, especially across the transition zone between tundra and taiga. Shrub growth affects snow properties and the surface energy budget, which must be better studied to quantify shrub-snow-climate feedbacks. The objective of this research is to improve the characterization of the impact of shrubs on snow evolution, from its accumulation to its melt, using in-situ and satellite measurements. The research is presented for the Umiujaq site, Nunavik, representative of the low Arctic–Subarctic transition zone. Snow depth, measured along numerous transects spanning different land cover types is found to increase by a factor 2.5–3 between tundra and forest, while snow density decreases. This illustrates the trapping effect of vegetation well. Complementary, continuous snow depth measurements using weather stations from two sites (tundra with low shrubs and a small clearing with shrubs within the forest) show different site-dependent behaviors. Spatial analysis from high-resolution Pleiades images combined with Landsat (Normalized Difference Snow Index) and MODIS (Fractional Snow Cover) images suggest a slight delay in melt over open and dense forest areas compared to tundra and dense high shrubs. |
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Programme |
1042 |
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ISSN |
0272-3646 |
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0272-3646 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6904 |
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Author |
Schlichtholz P, Houssais M-N, |
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Title |
Forcing of oceanic heat anomalies by air-sea interactions in the Nordic Seas area
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
0148-0227 |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
C1 |
Pages |
C01006- |
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Keywords |
Nordic Seas, heat anomalies, air-sea interactions, interanual variability, Atlantic water, 4215 Oceanography: General: Climate and interannual variability, 4504 Oceanography: Physical: Air/sea interactions, 4207 Oceanography: General: Arctic and Antarctic oceanography, 4263 Oceanography: General: Ocean predictability and prediction, 4572 Oceanography: Physical: Upper ocean and mixed layer processes, |
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Abstract |
Hydrographic data and atmospheric reanalysis from 1982 to 2005 are used to show a strong link of the Atlantic water temperature (AWT) anomalies observed in the transition zone between the Norwegian Atlantic current and the West Spitsbergen current in summer to the surface heat flux (SHF) anomalies observed over the Barents Sea open water in the preceding late winter. A mechanism proposed for this link is formation of ocean temperature anomalies in a deep mixed layer and their subsequent westward export by a branch of Atlantic water recirculating in the western Barents Sea. The SHF anomalies over the Barents Sea are due to advection of temperature and humidity by anomalous winds across the Arctic ice edge and do not strongly depend on the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). Correlations of up to about 0.9 between the AWT anomalies and indices of atmospheric variability over the Barents Sea open prospects for seasonal AWT predictability. It is also shown that the wind-forcing responsible for positive AWT anomalies is involved in a cyclonic perturbation of the atmospheric circulation over the Nordic Seas. This perturbation generates, through influence on the sea ice distribution, a lobe of SHF anomalies in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) on the eastern (Barents Sea) and western (Greenland Sea) sides of the Nordic Seas which has the opposite sign to the open water lobe. In contrast to the Barents Sea MIZ, the diabatic heating of the atmosphere by upward SHF anomalies in the Greenland Sea MIZ competes with cold advection.
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Programme |
452 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3602 |
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Author |
Jouventin P. & Aubin T. |
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Title |
Acoustic convergence between two nocturnal burrowing seabirds : Experiments with a penguin Eudyptula minor and a shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Ibis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ibis (Lond. 1859) |
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Volume |
142 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
645-656 |
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Keywords |
Nocturnal animal ; Sympatry ; Song ; Acoustic communication ; Syntax ; Frequency spectrum ; Sound propagation ; Burrow ; Territorial behavior ; Interspecific comparison ; South Australia ; Philip Island ; Australia ; Oceania ; Marine environment ; Sound production ; Aves ; Vertebrata |
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Abstract |
The evolution of acoustic signals is influenced by environmental constraints. We studied two sympatric but unrelated seabirds: the Little Penguin Eudyptula minor and Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris, to examine the degree to which similarities in their ecology had led to convergence in their calls. Both species nest in burrows in Southern Australia and, at night, are highly vocal and territorial. First, we analysed the physical characteristics of the territorial call. Secondly, we studied the transmission of calls through burrows and varying distances through vegetation. Thirdly, we used playback experiments of natural signals to demonstrate that the response disappears between 4-8 m, and of modified signals to understand the coding-decoding process linked to the territorial function of the call. The structure of the territorial calls of the two species clearly differs, but both species produce a succession of gaps in amplitude and frequency, and a high degree of redundancy. Our experiments show that, to decode the territorial message, birds pay attention only to parameters that are less degraded during propagation and ignore fine details of structure that are quickly degraded, even at relatively short distances (< 8 m). In both species, territorial information is mainly conveyed by the rhythmic succession of two sounds (syllables or subsyllables), birds paying attention to the FM structure of these successive sounds but not to the AM. This convergent coding is adaptive in that it reduces the possibility that the meaning may be distorted by interference from noise and acoustic screening. |
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109;354 |
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ISSN |
0019-1019 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2587 |
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Author |
McCabe, J.R.; Thiemens, M.H.; Savarino, J. |
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Title |
A record of ozone variability in South Pole Antarctic snow: Role of nitrate oxygen isotopes |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
112 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
nitrate; isotopes; ozone; 1041 Geochemistry: Stable isotope geochemistry; 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles; 3344 Atmospheric Processes: Paleoclimatology; 1610 Global Change: Atmosphere; 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology |
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Abstract |
The information contained in polar nitrate has been an unresolved issue for over a decade. Here we demonstrate that atmospheric nitrate's oxygen isotopic composition (?17O-NO3) reflects stratospheric chemistry in winter and tropospheric chemistry in summer. Surface snow isotope mass balance indicates that nitrate oxygen isotopic composition is the result of a mixture of 25% stratospheric and 75% tropospheric origin. Analysis of trends in ?17O-NO3 in a 6 m snow pit that provides a 26-year record reveals a strong 2.70-year cycle that anticorrelates (R = ?0.77) with October–November–December column ozone. The potential mechanisms linking the records are either denitrification or increased boundary layer photochemical ozone production. We suggest that the latter is dominating the observed trend and find that surface ozone and ?17O-NO3 correlate well before 1991 (R = 0.93). After 1991, however, the records show no significant relationship, indicating an altered oxidative environment consistent with current understanding of a highly oxidizing atmosphere at the South Pole. The disappearance of seasonal ?17O-NO3 trends in the surface layer at depth remain unresolved and demand further investigation of how postdepositional processes affect nitrate's oxygen isotope composition. Overall, the findings of this study present a new paleoclimate technique to investigate Antarctic nitrate records that appear to reflect trends in stratospheric ozone depletion by recording tropospheric surface ozone variability. |
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Programme |
1011 |
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Publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
Place of Publication |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5510 |
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Author |
Pengcheng Wang, Natacha B. Bernier, Keith R. Thompson, Tsubasa Kodaira |
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Title |
Evaluation of a global total water level model in the presence of radiational S2 tide |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ocean Modelling |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101893 |
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Keywords |
NEMO Radiational and gravitational tide Storm surge Tidal nudging Total water level |
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Abstract |
The development of a computationally efficient scheme for predicting the global distribution of total water level (TWL) is discussed. The ocean model is barotropic, has a horizontal grid spacing of 1/12°, and is based on the NEMO modeling framework. It is forced by the gravitational potential and hourly atmospheric fields for 2008. Hourly time spacing was required to resolve the S2 tide in global air pressure and wind. The predicted tide in water deeper than 400 m was nudged to TPXO8 “observations” of tidal elevation or current using a scheme called tidal nudging (Kodaira et al., 2019). The benefit of nudging horizontal velocity in the momentum equation, compared to sea level in the continuity equation, is discussed. Tidal nudging is shown to improve tidal predictions of sea level at the coast, particularly at the S2 tidal frequency. The predicted radiational S2 tide in sea level forced solely by the S2 tide in global air pressure reaches amplitudes exceeding 80 cm. Decreasing the time spacing of the air pressure forcing from 1 h to 3 h reduces the S2 amplitude in air pressure by a factor of 0.82, consistent with expectations based on Fourier analysis. This highlights the importance of using hourly atmospheric forcing when predicting the global sea level response to atmospheric forcing. The radiational S2 tide in sea level is subject to strong nonlinear interaction with the gravitational tide, leading to a pronounced attenuation of the radiational S2 tide. The attenuation is explained by an increase in effective bottom friction at the S2 frequency due to the presence of the gravitational tide. Four schemes for predicting TWL are evaluated to quantify the impact of tidal nudging and nonlinear interaction of tide and surge. Using TWLs observed by 304 coastal tide gauges, we show it is necessary to include both tidal nudging and nonlinear interaction. Plans for the further development of an operational flood forecast system for the Canadian coast, based on the above model, are discussed. |
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Programme |
688 |
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ISSN |
1463-5003 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8356 |
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Author |
Steen-Larsen H C, Masson-Delmotte V, Sjolte J, Johnsen S J, Vinther B M, Bron F-M, Clausen H B, Dahl-Jensen D, Falourd S, Fettweis X, Galle H, Jouzel J, Kageyama M, Lerche H, Minster B, Picard G, Punge H J, Risi C, Salas D, Schwander J, Steffen K, Sveinbjrnsdttir A E, Svensson A, White J, |
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Title |
Understanding the climatic signal in the water stable isotope records from the NEEM shallow firn/ice cores in northwest Greenland
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geol. |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
D6 |
Pages |
D06108 - |
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Keywords |
NEEM, ice cores, Greenland, 3305 Atmospheric Processes: Climate change and variability, 0724 Cryosphere: Ice cores, 3307 Atmospheric Processes: Boundary layer processes, 1863 Hydrology: Snow and ice, 3344 Atmospheric Processes: Paleoclimatology, |
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Abstract |
Samples of precipitation and atmospheric water vapor were collected together with shallow firn/ice cores as part of the new deep drilling project in northwest Greenland: the NEEM project. These samples were analyzed for their isotope composition to understand the processes affecting the climatic signal archived in the water stable isotope records from the NEEM deep ice core. The dominant moisture source for the snow deposited at the NEEM-site may be originating as far south as 35N from the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The surface atmospheric water vapor appears in isotopic equilibrium with the snow surface indicating a large water exchange between the atmosphere and snowpack. The interannual variability of NEEM shallow firn/ice cores stable isotope data covering the last ~40 years shows an unexpectedly weak NAO signal. Regional to global atmospheric models simulate a dominant summer precipitation in the NEEM area, suggesting that the intermittency of modern winter precipitation is responsible for the lack of a strong NAO imprint. The interannual variability of NEEM isotope data however shows a strong correlation with interannual variations of Baffin Bay sea ice cover, a relationship consistent with air mass trajectories. NEEM deep ice core isotopic records may therefore provide detailed information on past Baffin Bay sea ice extent. NEEM stable water isotope content increasing trend points to a local warming trend of ~3.0C over the last 40 years.
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Programme |
458 |
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Publisher |
AGU |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2496 |
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Author |
Widmann Michel, Kato Akiko, Raymond Ben, Angelier Frédéric, Arthur Benjamin, Chastel Olivier, Pellé Marie, Raclot Thierry, Ropert-Coudert Yan, |
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Title |
Habitat use and sex-specific foraging behaviour of Adélie penguins throughout the breeding season in Adélie Land, East Antarctica.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Movement ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-30 |
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Keywords |
Nature Conservation, |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Marine predators are ecosystem sentinels because their foraging behaviour and reproductive success reflect the variability occurring in the lower trophic levels of the ecosystem. In an era of environmental change, monitoring top predators species can provide valuable insights into the zones of ecological importance that need to be protected. In this context, we monitored the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) as a bio-indicator near Dumont d'Urville, an area of the East Antarctic sector currently being considered for the establishment of a Marine Protected Area (MPA), using GPS-based tracking tags during the 2012/13 austral summer breeding season.
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Programme |
1091 |
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Publisher |
BioMed Central |
Place of Publication |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2051-3933 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6155 |
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Author |
Gung Yuancheng, Hsu Ya-Ting, Chiao Ling-Yun, Obayashi Masayuki, |
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Title |
Multiscale waveform tomography with two-step model parameterization
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
B11 |
Pages |
B11301- |
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Keywords |
multiscale tomography, two-step model parameterization, nonlinear asymptotic coupling theory, 3260 Mathematical Geophysics: Inverse theory, 7270 Seismology: Tomography, 7255 Seismology: Surface waves and free oscillations, |
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Abstract |
In geophysical tomography, a proper model parameterization scheme for forward modeling is not necessarily a suitable one for the inversion stage, and vice versa. To take full advantage of the merits of parameterization in both stages, we propose a two-step model parameterization approach, in which different model bases for forward computation and inversion are adopted and the basis change is achieved by applying a spatial projection directly to the sensitivity matrix. We demonstrate this approach through an experimental study of waveform tomography for the Pacific upper mantle shear wave structure using first-orbit long-period Rayleigh waves. In the forward modeling, a normal-mode-based nonlinear asymptotic coupling theory is used for the computation of the synthetics and sensitivity matrix, and the model is parameterized in terms of spherical harmonics which provide efficient analytical solutions for path integrals in the forward modeling. Prior to the inversion, the model basis of the sensitivity matrix is transformed to local functions within the study region. After mapping, only local bases around the data sampling path receive effective sensitivities. Accordingly, the computation cost in the inversion is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the two-step model parameterization also adds flexibility to the inversion schemes. In particular, a wavelet-based multiscale inversion is implemented, and its results are compared to simple damping solutions. The general concept and applications of the two-step model parameterization are not restricted to the forwarding modeling technique or model parameterization schemes employed in this experimental study. This approach benefits any inverse problems wherever transformation of model bases helps to better constrain the results.
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Programme |
133 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2156-2202 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
117 |
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Author |
J. Gutt, E. Isla, A. N. Bertler, G. E. Bodeker, T. J. Bracegirdle, R. D. Cavanagh, J. C. Comiso, P. Convey, V. Cummings, R. De Conto, D. De Master, G. di Prisco, F. d'Ovidio, H. J. Griffiths, A. L. Khan, J. López-Martínez, A. E. Murray, U. N. Nielsen, S. Ott, A. Post, Y. Ropert-Coudert, T. Saucède, R. Scherer, S. Schiaparelli, I. R. Schloss, C. R. Smith, J. Stefels, C. Stevens, J. M. Strugnell, S. Trimborn, C. Verde, E. Verleyen, D. H. Wall, N. G. Wilson, J. C. Xavier |
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Title |
Cross-disciplinarity in the advance of Antarctic ecosystem research |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Marine Genomics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-17 |
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Keywords |
Multiple stressors Response to environmental changes Risk maps Scaling Sea-ice Southern Ocean |
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Abstract |
The biodiversity, ecosystem services and climate variability of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean are major components of the whole Earth system. Antarctic ecosystems are driven more strongly by the physical environment than many other marine and terrestrial ecosystems. As a consequence, to understand ecological functioning, cross-disciplinary studies are especially important in Antarctic research. The conceptual study presented here is based on a workshop initiated by the Research Programme Antarctic Thresholds – Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, which focussed on challenges in identifying and applying cross-disciplinary approaches in the Antarctic. Novel ideas and first steps in their implementation were clustered into eight themes. These ranged from scale problems, through risk maps, and organism/ecosystem responses to multiple environmental changes and evolutionary processes. Scaling models and data across different spatial and temporal scales were identified as an overarching challenge. Approaches to bridge gaps in Antarctic research programmes included multi-disciplinary monitoring, linking biomolecular findings and simulated physical environments, as well as integrative ecological modelling. The results of advanced cross-disciplinary approaches can contribute significantly to our knowledge of Antarctic and global ecosystem functioning, the consequences of climate change, and to global assessments that ultimately benefit humankind. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1874-7787 |
ISBN |
1874-7787 |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7468 |
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