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Estelle Cateau, Antoine Leclerc, Noémie Cartier, Isabel Valsecchi, Éric Bailly, Ronan Le Senechal, Margaux Becerra, Brice Le Gallou, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Adélaïde Chesnay, Jean-Patrice Robin, Carolyn Cray, Nicolas Goddard, Milan Thorel, Jacques Guillot, Baptiste Mulot, Guillaume Desoubeaux |
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Title |
Aspergillosis in a colony of Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) under managed care: a clinical and environmental investigation in a French zoological park |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Medical Mycology |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
myac046 |
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Abstract |
Aspergillosis is pervasive in bird populations, especially those under human care. Its management can be critically impacted by exposure to high levels of conidia and by resistance to azole drugs. The fungal contamination in the environment of a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) group, housed in a French zoological park next to numerous large crop fields, was assessed through three serial sessions of surface sampling in nests, in 2018–20: all isolates were counted and characterized by sequencing. When identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, they were systematically screened for resistance mutations in the cyp51A gene and tested for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determination. At the same time, the clinical incidence of aspergillosis was evaluated in the penguin population by the means of systematic necropsy and mycological investigations. A microsatellite-based analysis tracked the circulation of A. fumigatus strains. Environmental investigations highlighted the substantial increase of the fungal load during the summer season (>12-fold vs. the other timepoints) and a large overrepresentation of species belonging to the Aspergillus section Fumigati, ranging from 22.7 to 94.6% relative prevalence. Only one cryptic species was detected (A. nishimurae), and one isolate exhibited G138S resistance mutation with elevated MICs. The overall incidence of aspergillosis was measured at ∼3.4% case-years, and mostly in juveniles. The analysis of microsatellite polymorphism revealed a high level of genetic diversity among A. fumigatus clinical isolates. In contrast, one environmental strain appeared largely overrepresented during the summer sampling session. In all, the rural location of the zoo did not influence the emergence of resistant strains.- The incidence of aspergillosis in the penguin population of a French zoo was found elevated, mostly in juveniles.- The fungal contamination was high in the surrounding environment, especially at the end of summer.- Globally, a great level of genetic diversity was observed, except for one clonal strain. |
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119 |
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1460-2709 |
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yes |
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8310 |
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Sam Christian, Andrew Vanderburg, Juliette Becker, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Logan Pearce, George Zhou, Karen A. Collins, Adam L. Kraus, Keivan G. Stassun, Zoe de Beurs, George R. Ricker, Roland K. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Joshua N. Winn, S. Seager, Jon M. Jenkins, Lyu Abe, Karim Agabi, Pedro J. Amado, David Baker, Khalid Barkaoui, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Paul Benni, John Berberian, Perry Berlind, Allyson Bieryla, Emma Esparza-Borges, Michael Bowen, Peyton Brown, Lars A. Buchhave, Christopher J. Burke, Marco Buttu, Charles Cadieux, Douglas A. Caldwell, David Charbonneau, Nikita Chazov, Sudhish Chimaladinne, Kevin I. Collins, Deven Combs, Dennis M. Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Jerome P. de Leon, Shila Deljookorani, Brendan Diamond, René Doyon, Diana Dragomir, Georgina Dransfield, Zahra Essack, Phil Evans, Akihiko Fukui, Tianjun Gan, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Michaël Gillon, Eric Girardin, Pere Guerra, Tristan Guillot, Eleanor Kate K. Habich, Andreea Henriksen, Nora Hoch, Keisuke I. Isogai, Emmanuël Jehin, Eric L. N. Jensen, Marshall C. Johnson, John H. Livingston, John F. Kielkopf, Kingsley Kim, Kiyoe Kawauchi, Vadim Krushinsky, Veronica Kunzle, Didier Laloum, Dominic Leger, Pablo Lewin, Franco Mallia, Bob Massey, Mayuko Mori, Kim K. McLeod, Djamel Mékarnia, Ismael Mireles, Nikolay Mishevskiy, Motohide Tamura, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Ramon Naves, Peter Nelson, Hugh P. Osborn, Enric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Peter Plavchan, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Markus Rabus, Howard M. Relles, Cristina Rodríguez López, Samuel N. Quinn, Francois-Xavier Schmider, Joshua E. Schlieder, Richard P. Schwarz, Avi Shporer, Laurie Sibbald, Gregor Srdoc, Caitlin Stibbards, Hannah Stickler, Olga Suarez, Chris Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Yuka Terada, Amaury Triaud, Rene Tronsgaard, William C. Waalkes, Gavin Wang, Noriharu Watanabe, Marie-Sainte Wenceslas, Geof Wingham, Justin Wittrock, Carl Ziegler |
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Title |
A Possible Alignment Between the Orbits of Planetary Systems and their Visual Binary Companions |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
The Astronomical Journal |
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Volume |
163 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
207 |
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Abstract |
Astronomers do not have a complete picture of the effects of wide-binary companions (semimajor axes greater than 100 au) on the formation and evolution of exoplanets. We investigate these effects using new data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission to characterize wide-binary systems with transiting exoplanets. We identify a sample of 67 systems of transiting exoplanet candidates (with well-determined, edge-on orbital inclinations) that reside in wide visual binary systems. We derive limits on orbital parameters for the wide-binary systems and measure the minimum difference in orbital inclination between the binary and planet orbits. We determine that there is statistically significant difference in the inclination distribution of wide-binary systems with transiting planets compared to a control sample, with the probability that the two distributions are the same being 0.0037. This implies that there is an overabundance of planets in binary systems whose orbits are aligned with those of the binary. The overabundance of aligned systems appears to primarily have semimajor axes less than 700 au. We investigate some effects that could cause the alignment and conclude that a torque caused by a misaligned binary companion on the protoplanetary disk is the most promising explanation. |
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1066 |
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1538-3881 |
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yes |
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8317 |
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Sabrina Tartu, Pierre Blévin, Paco Bustamante, Frédéric Angelier, Claus Bech, Jan Ove Bustnes, Melissa Chierici, Agneta Fransson, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Aurélie Goutte, Børge Moe, Christophe Sauser, Julien Sire, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel |
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Title |
A U-Turn for Mercury Concentrations over 20 Years: How Do Environmental Conditions Affect Exposure in Arctic Seabirds? |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
2443-2454 |
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Abstract |
Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic in its methylated form (MeHg), and global change is likely to modify its bioavailability in the environment. However, it is unclear how top predators will be impacted. We studied blood Hg concentrations of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla (2000–2019) in Svalbard (Norway). From 2000 to 2019, Hg concentrations followed a U-shaped trend. The trophic level, inferred from nitrogen stable isotopes, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations better predicted Hg concentrations, with positive and U-shaped associations, respectively. As strong indicators of primary productivity, Chl a concentrations can influence production of upper trophic levels and, thus, fish community assemblage. In the early 2000s, the high Hg concentrations were likely related to a higher proportion of Arctic prey in kittiwake’s diet. The gradual input of Atlantic prey in kittiwake diet could have resulted in a decrease in Hg concentrations until 2013. Then, a new shift in the prey community, added to the shrinking sea ice-associated release of MeHg in the ocean, could explain the increasing trend of Hg observed since 2014. The present monitoring provides critical insights about the exposure of a toxic contaminant in Arctic wildlife, and the reported increase since 2014 raises concern for Arctic seabirds. |
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330 |
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0013-936X |
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yes |
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8318 |
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Eric Ste-Marie, David Grémillet, Jérôme Fort, Allison Patterson, Émile Brisson-Curadeau, Manon Clairbaux, Samuel Perret, John R. Speakman, Kyle H. Elliott |
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Title |
Accelerating animal energetics: high dive costs in a small seabird disrupt the dynamic body acceleration–energy expenditure relationship |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
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Volume |
225 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
jeb243252 |
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Abstract |
Accelerometry has been widely used to estimate energy expenditure in a broad array of terrestrial and aquatic species. However, a recent reappraisal of the method showed that relationships between dynamic body acceleration (DBA) and energy expenditure weaken as the proportion of non-mechanical costs increases. Aquatic air breathing species often exemplify this pattern, as buoyancy, thermoregulation and other physiological mechanisms disproportionately affect oxygen consumption during dives. Combining biologging with the doubly labelled water method, we simultaneously recorded daily energy expenditure (DEE) and triaxial acceleration in one of the world's smallest wing-propelled breath-hold divers, the dovekie (Alle alle). These data were used to estimate the activity-specific costs of flying and diving and to test whether overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA) is a reliable predictor of DEE in this abundant seabird. Average DEE for chick-rearing dovekies was 604±119 kJ day−1 across both sampling years. Despite recording lower stroke frequencies for diving than for flying (in line with allometric predictions for auks), dive costs were estimated to surpass flight costs in our sample of birds (flying: 7.24× basal metabolic rate, BMR; diving: 9.37× BMR). As expected, ODBA was not an effective predictor of DEE in this species. However, accelerometer-derived time budgets did accurately estimate DEE in dovekies. This work represents an empirical example of how the apparent energetic costs of buoyancy and thermoregulation limit the effectiveness of ODBA as the sole predictor of overall energy expenditure in small shallow-diving endotherms. |
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388 |
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0022-0949 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8320 |
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Author |
Christoph Kittel, Xavier Fettweis, Ghislain Picard, Noel Gourmelen |
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Title |
Assimilation of satellite-derived melt extent increases melt simulated by MAR over the Amundsen sector (West Antarctica) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Bulletin de la Société Géographique de Liège |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
78 |
Issue |
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Pages |
87-99 |
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Abstract |
La fonte de surface sur les plateformes de glace en Antarctique est l'une des plus grandes incertitudes liées à l'augmentation du niveau de la mer pendant le 21e siècle. Cependant, les modèles climatiques actuels peinent encore à la représenter avec précision, ce qui limite la compréhension des processus expliquant sa variabilité spatiale et temporelle et ses conséquences sur la stabilité de l’inlandsis de l’Antarctique. Les progrès récents de surveillance de la Terre grâce aux satellites ont permis de créer de nouvelles estimations de l'étendue de la fonte en Antarctique. Ceux-ci peuvent détecter si et où la fonte se produit, tandis que la quantité d'eau de fonte produite ne peut par contre être déduite que de simulations climatiques. Afin de combiner les avantages des deux outils, nous présentons de nouvelles estimations de la fonte basées sur un modèle climatique régional assimilant l'étendue de la fonte dérivée des satellites. Cela améliore la comparaison entre les estimations du modèle et du satellite, ouvrant ainsi la voie à une ré-estimation de la quantité de fonte produite chaque année à la surface de l'ensemble de l'inlandsis de l’Antarctique. |
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1110 |
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ISSN |
0770-7576, 2507-0711 |
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yes |
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8329 |
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James K. Kleckner, Kyle B. Withers, Eric M. Thompson, John M. Rekoske, Emily Wolin, Morgan P. Moschetti |
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Title |
Automated Detection of Clipping in Broadband Earthquake Records |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
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Volume |
93 |
Issue |
2A |
Pages |
880-896 |
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Abstract |
Because the amount of available ground‐motion data has increased over the last decades, the need for automated processing algorithms has also increased. One difficulty with automated processing is to screen clipped records. Clipping occurs when the ground‐motion amplitude exceeds the dynamic range of the linear response of the instrument. Clipped records in which the amplitude exceeds the dynamic range are relatively easy to identify visually yet challenging for automated algorithms. In this article, we seek to identify a reliable and fully automated clipping detection algorithm tailored to near‐real‐time earthquake response needs. We consider multiple alternative algorithms, including (1) an algorithm based on the percentage difference in adjacent data points, (2) the standard deviation of the data within a moving window, (3) the shape of the histogram of the recorded amplitudes, (4) the second derivative of the data, and (5) the amplitude of the data. To quantitatively compare these algorithms, we construct development and holdout datasets from earthquakes across a range of geographic regions, tectonic environments, and instrument types. We manually classify each record for the presence of clipping and use the classified records. We then develop an artificial neural network model that combines all the individual algorithms. Testing on the holdout dataset, the standard deviation and histogram approaches are the most accurate individual algorithms, with an overall accuracy of about 93%. The combined artificial neural network method yields an overall accuracy of 95%, and the choice of classification threshold can balance precision and recall. |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
0895-0695 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8330 |
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Author |
David Grémillet, Damien Chevallier, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Big data approaches to the spatial ecology and conservation of marine megafauna |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ICES Journal of Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
975-986 |
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Abstract |
Satellite remote-sensing and wildlife tracking allow researchers to record rapidly increasing volumes of information on the spatial ecology of marine megafauna in the context of global change. This field of investigation is thereby entering the realm of big data science: Information technology allows the design of completely new frameworks for acquiring, storing, sharing, analysing, visualizing, and publicizing data. This review aims at framing the importance of big data for the conservation of marine megafauna, through intimate knowledge of the spatial ecology of these threatened, charismatic animals. We first define marine megafauna and big data science, before detailing the technological breakthroughs leading to pioneering “big data” studies. We then describe the workflow from acquiring megafauna tracking data to the identification and the prediction of their critical habitats under global changes, leading to marine spatial planning and political negotiations. Finally, we outline future objectives for big data studies, which should not take the form of a blind technological race forward, but of a coordinated, worldwide approach to megafauna spatial ecology, based on regular gap analyses, with care for ethical and environmental implications. Employing big data science for the efficient conservation of marine megafauna will also require inventing new pathways from research to action. |
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109,388,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1054-3139 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8332 |
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Author |
Laura Andrea Alfaro Garcia, Sébastien Descamps, Dorte Herzke, Olivier Chastel, Alice Carravieri, Yves Cherel, Pierre Labadie, Hélène Budzinski, Gabriel Munoz, Paco Bustamante, Anuschka Polder, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Jan Ove Bustnes, Katrine Borgå |
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Title |
Bioaccumulation of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Antarctic Breeding South Polar Skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) and Their Prey |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
819525 |
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Abstract |
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are found in Antarctic wildlife, with high levels in the avian top predator south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki). As increasing PFAS concentrations were found in the south polar skua during the breeding season in Antarctica, we hypothesised that available prey during the breeding period contributes significantly to the PFAS contamination in skuas. To test this, we compared PFAS in south polar skuas and their main prey from two breeding sites on opposite sides of the Antarctic continent: Antarctic petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) stomach content, eggs, chicks, and adults from Svarthamaren in Dronning Maud Land and Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) from Dumont d’Urville in Adélie Land. Of the 22 PFAS analysed, seven were present in the majority of samples, except petrel stomach content [only perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA) present] and Adélie penguins (only four compounds present), with increasing concentrations from the prey to the skuas. The biomagnification factors (BMFs) were higher at Dumont d’Urville than Svarthamaren. When adjusted to reflect one trophic level difference, the BMFs at Svarthamaren remained the same, whereas the ones at Dumont d’Urville doubled. At both the colonies, the skua PFAS pattern was dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), followed by PFUnA, but differed with the presence of branched PFOS and perfluorotetradecanoate (PFTeA) and lack of perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) at Dumont d’Urville. At Svarthamaren, the pattern in the prey was comparable to the skuas, but with a higher relative contribution of PFTeA in prey. At Dumont d’Urville, the pattern in the prey differed from the skuas, with the domination of PFUnA and the general lack of PFOS in prey. Even though the PFAS levels are low in Antarctic year-round resident prey, the three lines of evidence (pattern, BMF difference, and BMF adjusted to one trophic level) suggest that the Antarctic petrel are the significant source of PFAS in the Svarthamaren skuas, whereas the skuas in Dumont d’Urville have other important sources to PFAS than Adélie penguin, either in the continent or external on the inter-breeding foraging grounds far from Antarctica. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8333 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Florian Haslinger, Roberto Basili, Rémy Bossu, Carlo Cauzzi, Fabrice Cotton, Helen Crowley, Susana Custodio, Laurentiu Danciu, Mario Locati, Alberto Michelini, Irene Molinari, Lars Ottemöller, Stefano Parolai |
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Title |
Coordinated and Interoperable Seismological Data and Product Services in Europe: the EPOS Thematic Core Service for Seismology |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Annals of Geophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
65 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
DM213-DM213 |
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Abstract |
In this article we describe EPOS Seismology, the Thematic Core Service consortium for the seismology domain within the European Plate Observing System infrastructure. EPOS Seismology was developed alongside the build-up of EPOS during the last decade, in close collaboration between the existing pan-European seismological initiatives ORFEUS (Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology), EMSC (Euro-Mediterranean Seismological Center) and EFEHR (European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk) and their respective communities. It provides on one hand a governance framework that allows a well-coordinated interaction of the seismological community services with EPOS and its bodies, and on the other hand it strengthens the coordination among the already existing seismological initiatives with regard to data, products and service provisioning and further development. Within the EPOS Delivery Framework, ORFEUS, EMSC and EFEHR provide a wide range of services that allow open access to a vast amount of seismological data and products, following and implementing the FAIR principles and supporting open science. Services include access to raw seismic waveforms of thousands of stations together with relevant station and data quality information, parametric earthquake information of recent and historical earthquakes together with advanced event-specific products like moment tensors or source models and further ancillary services, and comprehensive seismic hazard and risk information, covering latest European scale models and their underlying data. The services continue to be available on the well-established domain-specific platforms and websites, and are also consecutively integrated with the interoperable central EPOS data infrastructure. EPOS Seismology and its participating organizations provide a consistent framework for the future development of these services and their operation as EPOS services, closely coordinated also with other international seismological initiatives, and is well set to represent the European seismological research infrastructures and their stakeholders within EPOS. |
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I.C. Barrio, D. Ehrich, E.M. Soininen, V.T. Ravolainen, C.G. Bueno, O. Gilg, A.M. Koltz, J.D.M. Speed, D.S. Hik, M. Mörsdorf, J.M. Alatalo, A. Angerbjörn, J. Bêty, L. Bollache, N. Boulanger-Lapointe, G.S. Brown, I. Eischeid, M.A. Giroux, T. Hájek, B.B. Hansen, S.P. Hofhuis, J.-F. Lamarre, J. Lang, C. Latty, N. Lecomte, P. Macek, L. McKinnon, I.H. Myers-Smith, Å.Ø. Pedersen, J.S. Prevéy, J.D. Roth, S.T. Saalfeld, N.M. Schmidt, P. Smith, A. Sokolov, N. Sokolova, C. Stolz, R. van Bemmelen, Ø. Varpe, P.F. Woodard, I.S. Jónsdóttir |
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Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales |
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2022 |
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Arctic Science |
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638-679 |
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Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied, and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot- and site-level protocols were tested in the field during summers 2014–2015 at 11 sites, nine of them consisting of warming experimental plots included in the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The study area protocols were assessed during 2014–2018 at 24 study areas across the Arctic. Our protocols provide comparable and easy to implement methods for assessing the intensity of invertebrate herbivory within ITEX plots and for characterizing vertebrate herbivore communities at larger spatial scales. We discuss methodological constraints and make recommendations for how these protocols can be used and how sampling effort can be optimized to obtain comparable estimates of herbivory, both at ITEX sites and at large landscape scales. The application of these protocols across the tundra biome will allow characterizing and comparing herbivore communities across tundra sites and at ecologically relevant spatial scales, providing an important step towards a better understanding of tundra ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change. |
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