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Author Cao A, Romanowicz B, doi  openurl
  Title Constraints on shear wave attenuation in the Earth's inner core from an observation of PKJKP Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 36 Issue (down) 9 Pages L09301-  
  Keywords inner core, shear wave, quality factor, 3909 Elasticity and anelasticity, 5144 Wave attenuation, 7207 Core, 7203 Body waves, 8115 Core processes,  
  Abstract Based on the high quality broadband data from Gräfenberg array in Germany, we recently detected a reliable PKJKP phase, for which four kinds of evidence (travel time, slowness, back-azimuth, and comparison with a pseudo-liquid inner core model) were simultaneously provided. Also, for the first time, a clear waveform of PKJKP was observed. This gives us an unprecedented opportunity to put constraints on the shear wave attenuation in the earth's inner core using body waves. In order to minimize the potential influence of dispersion and phase shift caused by mantle heterogeneity, we adopt an envelope modeling approach. Our results show that the estimated Q from the shear phase PKJKP is significantly larger (315 ± 150) than that from normal mode observations. Because PKJKP samples the deep inner core, this indicates an increase of Q with depth in the inner core, in agreement with what is generally observed for Q.
 
  Programme 133  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 99  
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Author Battistelli E, Baú A, Bennett D, Bergé L, Bernard J-Ph, de Bernardis P, Bordier G, Bounab A, Bréelle É, Bunn EF, Calvo M, Charlassier R, Collin S, Coppolecchia A, Cruciani A, Curran G, de Petris M, Dumoulin L, Gault A, Gervasi M, Ghribi A, Giard M, Giordano C, Giraud-Héraud Y, Gradziel M, Guglielmi L, Hamilton J-Ch, Haynes V, Kaplan J, Korotkov A, Landé J, Maffei B, Maiello M, Malu S, Marnieros S, Martino J, Masi S, Murphy A, Nati F, OSullivan C, Pajot F, Passerini A, Peterzen S, Piacentini F, Piat M, Piccirillo L, Pisano G, Polenta G, Prêle D, Romano D, Rosset C, Salatino M, Schillaci A, Sironi G, Sordini R, Spinelli S, Tartari A, Timbie P, Tucker G, Vibert L, Voisin F, Watson RA, Zannoni M, doi  openurl
  Title QUBIC: The QU bolometric interferometer for cosmology Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Astroparticle Physics Abbreviated Journal 0927-6505  
  Volume 34 Issue (down) 9 Pages 705-716  
  Keywords Cosmology, Cosmic Microwave Background, Inflation, Instrumentation, Bolometric interferometry,  
  Abstract One of the major challenges of modern cosmology is the detection of B-mode polarization anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background. These originate from tensor fluctuations of the metric produced during the inflationary phase. Their detection would therefore constitute a major step towards understanding the primordial Universe. The expected level of these anisotropies is however so small that it requires a new generation of instruments with high sensitivity and extremely good control of systematic effects.  
  Programme 915  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0927-6505 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1421  
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Author Eléaume Marc, Hemery LenaïgG, Bowden DavidA, Roux Michel, doi  openurl
  Title A large new species of the genus Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae) from Antarctic seamounts Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication POLAR BIOLOGY Abbreviated Journal 0722-4060  
  Volume 34 Issue (down) 9 Pages 1385-1397-  
  Keywords Echinodermata, Stalked crinoids, Hyocrinidae, Ptilocrinus, Antarctica, Seamount, Ross sea, Kerguelen plateau,  
  Abstract Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. is a new species of stalked crinoid attributed to the family Hyocrinidae. Forty-five specimens were collected from seamounts north of the Ross Sea, and one specimen from the Kerguelen Plateau at depths ranging from 450 to 1,680 m. The collection from Admiralty and Scott seamounts constitutes the first example of a hyocrinid population known both from in situ photographs and from numerous collected specimens ranging from small juvenile to large adult. Variation in theca and stalk articulation characters throughout ontogeny is congruent with the molecular data and indicates that all the specimens examined belong to a single species. Tegmen and pinnule architecture, brachial arrangement, and stalk articular facets indicate that Ptilocrinus amezianeae n. sp. has close affinities with P. clarki and P. pinnatus from the northeastern Pacific and displays the most derived characters among these three species. Two cases of true arm division into two unequal branches suggest that Ptilocrinus and Calamocrinus are closely related. The picture and video transects on Admiralty seamount show a patchy distribution of living specimens with patches of mean density ca. 2.6 individuals m-2. In situ photographs also document predation by a sea urchin and a sea star on tegmen and proximal arms. The COI gene sequences analyzed in 25 specimens from Admiralty and Scott seamounts display low pairwise distances, low nucleotidic diversity, and intermediate haplotype diversity. These results, together with disarticulated ossicles and attachment disks observed on in situ photographs, indicate that the population investigated here is in decline.  
  Programme 1044  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 1538  
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Author Jenouvrier Stéphanie, Holland Marika, Stroeve Julienne, Barbraud Christophe, Weimerskirch Henri, Serreze Mark, Caswell Hal, doi  openurl
  Title Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population: analysis of coupled demographic and climate models Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Global Change Biology Abbreviated Journal Glob Chang Biol  
  Volume 18 Issue (down) 9 Pages 2756-2770  
  Keywords IPCC, sea ice, seabirds, stochastic climate forecast, stochastic matrix population model, uncertainties,  
  Abstract Sea ice conditions in the Antarctic affect the life cycle of the emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri). We present a population projection for the emperor penguin population of Terre Adélie, Antarctica, by linking demographic models (stage-structured, seasonal, nonlinear, two-sex matrix population models) to sea ice forecasts from an ensemble of IPCC climate models. Based on maximum likelihood capture-mark-recapture analysis, we find that seasonal sea ice concentration anomalies (SICa) affect adult survival and breeding success. Demographic models show that both deterministic and stochastic population growth rates are maximized at intermediate values of annual SICa, because neither the complete absence of sea ice, nor heavy and persistent sea ice, would provide satisfactory conditions for the emperor penguin. We show that under some conditions the stochastic growth rate is positively affected by the variance in SICa. We identify an ensemble of five general circulation climate models whose output closely matches the historical record of sea ice concentration in Terre Adélie. The output of this ensemble is used to produce stochastic forecasts of SICa, which in turn drive the population model. Uncertainty is included by incorporating multiple climate models and by a parametric bootstrap procedure that includes parameter uncertainty due to both model selection and estimation error. The median of these simulations predicts a decline of the Terre Adélie emperor penguin population of 81% by the year 2100. We find a 43% chance of an even greater decline, of 90% or more. The uncertainty in population projections reflects large differences among climate models in their forecasts of future sea ice conditions. One such model predicts population increases over much of the century, but overall, the ensemble of models predicts that population declines are far more likely than population increases. We conclude that climate change is a significant risk for the emperor penguin. Our analytical approach, in which demographic models are linked to IPCC climate models, is powerful and generally applicable to other species and systems.
 
  Programme 109  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-2486 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3892  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sachs Gottfried, Traugott Johannes, Nesterova Anna P, Dell'Omo Giacomo, Kümmeth Franz, Heidrich Wolfgang, Vyssotski Alexei L, Bonadonna Francesco, doi  openurl
  Title Flying at No Mechanical Energy Cost: Disclosing the Secret of Wandering Albatrosses Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication PLoS ONE Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue (down) 9 Pages e41449-  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Albatrosses do something that no other birds are able to do: fly thousands of kilometres at no mechanical cost. This is possible because they use dynamic soaring, a flight mode that enables them to gain the energy required for flying from wind. Until now, the physical mechanisms of the energy gain in terms of the energy transfer from the wind to the bird were mostly unknown. Here we show that the energy gain is achieved by a dynamic flight manoeuvre consisting of a continually repeated up-down curve with optimal adjustment to the wind. We determined the energy obtained from the wind by analysing the measured trajectories of free flying birds using a new GPS-signal tracking method yielding a high precision. Our results reveal an evolutionary adaptation to an extreme environment, and may support recent biologically inspired research on robotic aircraft that might utilize albatrosses' flight technique for engineless propulsion.  
  Programme 354  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Public Library of Science Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1932-6203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 3992  
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Author Smith PJ, Steinke D, Dettai A, McMillan P, Welsford D, Stewart A, Ward RD, doi  openurl
  Title DNA barcodes and species identifications in Ross Sea and Southern Ocean fishes Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication POLAR BIOLOGY Abbreviated Journal Polar Biol.  
  Volume 35 Issue (down) 9 Pages 1297-1310-  
  Keywords DNA barcode, Southern Ocean, Fishes, Species identification,  
  Abstract The Southern Ocean occupies about 10 % of the world’s oceans but has low species richness with only ~1.5 % of the marine fishes. Within the Southern Ocean, the Ross Sea region is one of the least exploited sea areas in the world, but is subject to commercial fishing. The fauna are not well known, and preliminary IPY molecular studies have indicated that species diversity has been underestimated in this region. DNA barcodes of fishes from the Ross Sea region were compared with barcodes of fishes from the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. Barcoding resolved 87.5 % of 112 species that typically exhibited high inter-specific divergences. Intra-specific divergence was usually low with shared haplotypes among regions. The Zoarcid Ophthalmolycus amberensis showed shallow divergences (0.1 %) within the Ross Sea and Australian Antarctic Territory but high inter-region divergence (2 %), indicative of cryptic species. Other potential cryptic species with high intra-specific divergences were found in Notolepis coatsi and Gymnoscopelus bolini. In contrast, several taxa showed low inter-specific divergences and shared haplotypes among morphological species. COI provided limited phylogenetic resolution of the genera Pogonophryne and Bathydraco. Trematomus loennbergii and T. lepidorhinus shared COI haplotypes, as previously noted in other regions, as did Cryodraco antarcticus and C. atkinsoni. There was a marked lack of congruence between morphological descriptions and COI divergences among the Ross Sea liparids with shallow or zero divergences among recently described species. Barcodes for the Ross Sea fishes highlighted several initial misidentifications that were corrected when specimens were re-examined.  
  Programme 1124  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4023  
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Author Moya Francina, Saucède Thomas, Manjón-Cabeza M Eugenia, doi  openurl
  Title Environmental control on the structure of echinoid assemblages in the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica) Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication POLAR BIOLOGY Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue (down) 9 Pages 1343-1357  
  Keywords Abiotic factors, Antarctic, Bellingshausen Sea, Benthos, Diversity, Echinodermata, Echinoidea, Ecology, Microbiology, Oceanography, Plant Sciences, Zoology,  
  Abstract  
  Programme 1044  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0722-4060 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4237  
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Author Kaiser Stefanie, Brandão Simone N, Brix Saskia, Barnes David K A, Bowden David A, Ingels Jeroen, Leese Florian, Schiaparelli Stefano, Arango Claudia P, Badhe Renuka, Bax Narissa, Blazewicz-Paszkowycz Magdalena, Brandt Angelika, Brenke Nils, Catarino Ana I, David Bruno, Ridder Chantal De, Dubois Philippe, Ellingsen Kari E, Glover Adrian G, Griffiths Huw J, Gutt Julian, Halanych Kenneth M, Havermans Charlotte, Held Christoph, Janussen Dorte, Lörz Anne-Nina, Pearce David A, Pierrat Benjamin, Riehl Torben, Rose Armin, Sands Chester J, Soler-Membrives Anna, Schüller Myriam, Strugnell Jan M, Vanreusel Ann, Veit-Köhler Gritta, Wilson Nerida G, Yasuhara Moriaki, doi  openurl
  Title Patterns, processes and vulnerability of Southern Ocean benthos: a decadal leap in knowledge and understanding Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication MARINE BIOLOGY Abbreviated Journal Mar. Biol.  
  Volume 160 Issue (down) 9 Pages 2295-2317  
  Keywords Freshwater & Marine Ecology, Marine & Freshwater Sciences, Microbiology, Oceanography, Zoology,  
  Abstract  
  Programme 1044;1124  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0025-3162 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4308  
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Author Pieterse G, Krol M C, Batenburg A M, M Brenninkmeijer C A, Popa M E, O'Doherty S, Grant A, Steele L P, Krummel P B, Langenfelds R L, Wang H J, Vermeulen A T, Schmidt M, Yver C, Jordan A, Engel A, Fisher R E, Lowry D, Nisbet E G, Reimann S, Vollmer M K, Steinbacher M, Hammer S, Forster G, Sturges W T, Röckmann T, doi  openurl
  Title Reassessing the variability in atmospheric H2 using the two-way nested TM5 model Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES Abbreviated Journal J. Geophys. Res.  
  Volume 118 Issue (down) 9 Pages 3764-3780  
  Keywords 0315 Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0317 Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, 0322 Constituent sources and sinks, 0365 Troposphere: composition and chemistry, 0368 Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, Chemical Transport Model, Dry deposition, Hydrogen isotopes, Molecular hydrogen, Sources and sinks, Tropospheric budget,  
  Abstract This work reassesses the global atmospheric budget of H2 with the TM5 model. The recent adjustment of the calibration scale for H2 translates into a change in the tropospheric burden. Furthermore, the ECMWF Reanalysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) used in this study show slower vertical transport than the operational data used before. Consequently, more H2 is removed by deposition. The deposition parametrization is updated because significant deposition fluxes for snow, water, and vegetation surfaces were calculated in our previous study. Timescales of 1–2 h are asserted for the transport of H2 through the canopies of densely vegetated regions. The global scale variability of H2 and δ[DH2] is well represented by the updated model. H2 is slightly overestimated in the Southern Hemisphere because too little H2 is removed by dry deposition to rainforests and savannahs. The variability in H2 over Europe is further investigated using a high-resolution model subdomain. It is shown that discrepancies between the model and the observations are mainly caused by the finite model resolution. The tropospheric burden is estimated at 165±8 Tg H2. The removal rates of H2 by deposition and photochemical oxidation are estimated at 53±4 and 23±2 Tg H2/yr, resulting in a tropospheric lifetime of 2.2±0.2 year.  
  Programme 416  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-8996 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4452  
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Author Fongy Anaïs, Romestaing Caroline, Blanc Coralie, Lacoste-Garanger Nicolas, Rouanet Jean-Louis, Raccurt Mireille, Duchamp Claude, doi  openurl
  Title Ontogeny of muscle bioenergetics in Adélie penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Abbreviated Journal AJP Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology  
  Volume 305 Issue (down) 9 Pages R1065-R1075  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The ontogeny of pectoralis muscle bioenergetics was studied in growing Adélie penguin chicks during the first month after hatching and compared with adults using permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria. With pyruvate-malate-succinate or palmitoyl-carnitine as substrates, permeabilized fiber respiration markedly increased during chick growth (3-fold) and further rose in adults (1.4-fold). Several markers of muscle fiber oxidative activity (cytochrome oxidase, citrate synthase, hydroxyl-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) increased 6- to 19-fold with age together with large rises in intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) mitochondrial content (3- to 5-fold) and oxidative activities (1.5- to 2.4-fold). The proportion of IMF relative to SS mitochondria increased with chick age but markedly dropped in adults. Differences in oxidative activity between mitochondrial fractions were reduced in adults compared with hatched chicks. Extrapolation of mitochondrial to muscle respirations revealed similar figures with isolated mitochondria and permeabilized fibers with carbohydrate-derived but not with lipid-derived substrates, suggesting diffusion limitations of lipid substrates with permeabilized fibers. Two immunoreactive fusion proteins, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), were detected by Western blots on mitochondrial extracts and their relative abundance increased with age. Muscle fiber respiration was positively related with Mfn2 and OPA1 relative abundance. Present data showed by two complementary techniques large ontogenic increases in muscle oxidative activity that may enable birds to face thermal emancipation and growth in childhood and marine life in adulthood. The concomitant rise in mitochondrial fusion protein abundance suggests a role of mitochondrial networks in the skeletal muscle processes of bioenergetics that enable penguins to overcome harsh environmental constraints.
 
  Programme 131  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0363-6119 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 4680  
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