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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue  |
10 |
Pages |
1978 |
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Keywords |
arctic cryosphere moraine photogrammetry snow water equivalent snowcover spatial dynamics UAV-SfM |
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Abstract |
The global climate shift currently underway has significant impacts on both the quality and quantity of snow precipitation. This directly influences the spatial variability of the snowpack as well as cumulative snow height. Contemporary glacier retreat reorganizes periglacial morphology: while the glacier area decreases, the moraine area increases. The latter is becoming a new water storage potential that is almost as important as the glacier itself, but with considerably more complex topography. Hence, this work fills one of the missing variables of the hydrological budget equation of an arctic glacier basin by providing an estimate of the snow water equivalent (SWE) of the moraine contribution. Such a result is achieved by investigating Structure from Motion (SfM) image processing that is applied to pictures collected from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a method for producing snow depth maps over the proglacial moraine area. Several UAV campaigns were carried out on a small glacial basin in Spitsbergen (Arctic): the measurements were made at the maximum snow accumulation season (late April), while the reference topography maps were acquired at the end of the hydrological year (late September) when the moraine is mostly free of snow. The snow depth is determined from Digital Surface Model (DSM) subtraction. Utilizing dedicated and natural ground control points for relative positioning of the DSMs, the relative DSM georeferencing with sub-meter accuracy removes the main source of uncertainty when assessing snow depth. For areas where snow is deposited on bare rock surfaces, the correlation between avalanche probe in-situ snow depth measurements and DSM differences is excellent. Differences in ice covered areas between the two measurement techniques are attributed to the different quantities measured: while the former only measures snow accumulation, the latter includes all of the ice accumulation during winter through which the probe cannot penetrate, in addition to the snow cover. When such inconsistencies are observed, icing thicknesses are the source of the discrepancy that is observed between avalanche probe snow cover depth measurements and differences of DSMs. |
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1108 |
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yes |
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4442 |
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Title |
Spatial segregation in a sexually dimorphic central place forager: Competitive exclusion or niche divergence? |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
90 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2404-2420 |
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Keywords |
bio-logging central place foraging ecological niche theory intraspecific competition kernel density estimates resource selection functions sexual segregation wandering albatross |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
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yes |
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8093 |
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Title |
A Bad Start in Life? Maternal Transfer of Legacy and Emerging Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances to Eggs in an Arctic Seabird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
6091-6102 |
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Abstract |
In birds, maternal transfer is a major exposure route for several contaminants, including poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Little is known, however, about the extent of the transfer of the different PFAS compounds to the eggs, especially for alternative fluorinated compounds. In the present study, we measured legacy and emerging PFAS, including Gen-X, ADONA, and F-53B, in the plasma of prelaying black-legged kittiwake females breeding in Svalbard and the yolk of their eggs. We aimed to (1) describe the contaminant levels and patterns in both females and eggs, and (2) investigate the maternal transfer, that is, biological variables and the relationship between the females and their eggs for each compound. Contamination of both females and eggs were dominated by linPFOS then PFUnA or PFTriA. We notably found 7:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid?a precursor of long-chain carboxylates?in 84% of the egg yolks, and provide the first documented finding of ADONA in wildlife. Emerging compounds were all below the detection limit in female plasma. There was a linear association between females and eggs for most of the PFAS. Analyses of maternal transfer ratios in females and eggs suggest that the transfer is increasing with PFAS carbon chain length, therefore the longest chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were preferentially transferred to the eggs. The mean ?PFAS in the second-laid eggs was 73% of that in the first-laid eggs. Additional effort on assessing the outcome of maternal transfers on avian development physiology is essential, especially for PFCAs and emerging fluorinated compounds which are under-represented in experimental studies. |
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330 |
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ISSN |
0013-936X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
8315 |
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Title |
Global political responsibility for the conservation of albatrosses and large petrels |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
eabd7225 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Migratory marine species cross political borders and enter the high seas, where the lack of an effective global management framework for biodiversity leaves them vulnerable to threats. Here, we combine 10,108 tracks from 5775 individual birds at 87 sites with data on breeding population sizes to estimate the relative year-round importance of national jurisdictions and high seas areas for 39 species of albatrosses and large petrels. Populations from every country made extensive use of the high seas, indicating the stake each country has in the management of biodiversity in international waters. We quantified the links among national populations of these threatened seabirds and the regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) which regulate fishing in the high seas. This work makes explicit the relative responsibilities that each country and RFMO has for the management of shared biodiversity, providing invaluable information for the conservation and management of migratory species in the marine realm. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8369 |
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Title |
Human influence on brown trout juvenile body size during metapopulation expansion |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
20210366 |
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Keywords |
brown trout density dependence dispersal invasion biology subantarctic |
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Abstract |
Change in body size can be driven by social (density) and non-social (environmental and spatial variation) factors. In expanding metapopulations, spatial sorting by means of dispersal on the expansion front can further drive the evolution of body size. However, human intervention can dramatically affect these founder effects. Using long-term monitoring of the colonization of the remote Kerguelen islands by brown trout, a facultative anadromous salmonid, we analyse body size variation in 32 naturally founded and 10 human-introduced populations over 57 years. In naturally founded populations, we find that spatial sorting promotes slow positive changes in body size on the expansion front, then that body size decreases as populations get older and local density increases. This pattern is, however, completely different in human-introduced populations, where body size remains constant or even increases as populations get older. The present findings confirm that changes in body size can be affected by metapopulation expansion, but that human influence, even in very remote environments, can fully alter this process. |
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1041 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8373 |
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Author |
G. J. Sutton, C. A. Bost, A. Z. Kouzani, S. D. Adams, K. Mitchell, J. P. Y. Arnould |
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Title |
Fine-scale foraging effort and efficiency of Macaroni penguins is influenced by prey type, patch density and temporal dynamics |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
168 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3 |
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Abstract |
Difficulties quantifying in situ prey patch quality have limited our understanding of how marine predators respond to variation within and between patches, and throughout their foraging range. In the present study, animal-borne video, GPS, accelerometer and dive behaviour data loggers were used to investigate the fine-scale foraging behaviour of Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) in response to prey type, patch density and temporal variation in diving behaviour. Individuals mainly dived during the day and utilised two strategies, targeting different prey types. Subantarctic krill (Euphausia vallentini) were consumed during deep dives, while small soft-bodied fish were captured on shallow dives or during the ascent phase of deep dives. Despite breeding in large colonies individuals seemed to be solitary foragers and did not engage with conspecifics in coordinated behaviour as seen in other group foraging penguin species. This potentially reflects the high abundance and low manoeuvrability of krill. Video data were used to validate prey capture signals in accelerometer data and a Support Vector Machine learning algorithm was developed to identify prey captures that occurred throughout the entire foraging trip. Prey capture rates indicated that Macaroni penguins continued to forage beyond the optimal give up time. However, bout-scale analysis revealed individuals terminated diving behaviour for reasons other than patch quality. These findings indicate that individuals make complex foraging decisions in relation to their proximate environment over multiple spatio-temporal scales. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2037 |
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Author |
Damien Ertz, Neil Sanderson, Marc Lebouvier |
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Title |
Thelopsis challenges the generic circumscription in the Gyalectaceae and brings new insights to the taxonomy of Ramonia |
Type |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
The Lichenologist |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
45-61 |
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Keywords |
Arthoniales Gyalectales lichen multispory phylogeny |
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Abstract |
The genus Thelopsis was classified in the family Stictidaceae but its systematic position has never been investigated by molecular methods. In order to determine its family placement and to test its monophyly, fungal DNA of recent collections of Thelopsis specimens was sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and mtSSU sequences reveal that members of Thelopsis form a monophyletic group within the genus Gyalecta as currently accepted. The placement of Thelopsis, including the generic type T. rubella, within the genus Gyalecta challenges the generic circumscription of this group because Thelopsis is well recognized by the combination of morphological characters: perithecioid ascomata, well-developed periphysoids, polysporous asci and small, few-septate ellipsoid-oblong ascospores. The sterile sorediate Opegrapha corticola is also placed in the Gyalectaceae as sister species to Thelopsis byssoidea + T. rubella. Ascomata of O. corticola are illustrated for the first time and support its placement in the genus Thelopsis. The hypothesis that O. corticola might represent the sorediate fertile morph of T. rubella is not confirmed because the species is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Thelopsis is recovered as polyphyletic, with T. melathelia being placed as sister species to Ramonia. The new combinations Thelopsis corticola (Coppins & P. James) Sanderson & Ertz comb. nov. and Ramonia melathelia (Nyl.) Ertz comb. nov. are introduced and a new species of Gyalecta, G. amsterdamensis Ertz, is described from Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands, characterized by a sterile thallus with discrete soralia. Petractis luetkemuelleri and P. nodispora are accommodated in the new genus Neopetractis, differing from the generic type (P. clausa) by having a different phylogenetic position and a different photobiont. Francisrosea bicolor Ertz & Sanderson gen. & sp. nov. is described for a sterile sorediate lichen somewhat similar to Opegrapha corticola but having an isolated phylogenetic position as sister to a clade including Gyalidea praetermissa and the genera Neopetractis and Ramonia. Gyalecta farlowii, G. nidarosiensis and G. carneola are placed in a molecular phylogeny for the first time. The taxonomic significance of morphological characters in Gyalectaceae is discussed. |
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Programme |
1167 |
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ISSN |
0024-2829, 1096-1135 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7078 |
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Title |
Evaluation of candidate models for the 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Earth, Planets and Space |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
48 |
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Keywords |
Geomagnetism IGRF Magnetic field modeling |
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Programme |
139 |
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ISSN |
1880-5981 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
7937 |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Annales Geophysicae |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
189-237 |
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312 |
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ISSN |
0992-7689 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7951 |
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Title |
Moss-inhabiting diatom communities from Ile Amsterdam (TAAF, southern Indian Ocean) |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Plant Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
154 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
63-79 |
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Keywords |
Bacillariophyta diatoms ecology Ile Amsterdam mosses southern Indian Ocean sub-Antarctic region |
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136 |
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2032-3921 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7974 |
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