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Author |
Barral H, Genthon C, Trouvilliez A, Brun C, Amory C, |
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Title |
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
TC |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue  |
5 |
Pages |
1905-1919 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Three years of blowing snow observations and associated meteorology along a 7-m mast at site D17 in coastal Adelie Land are presented. The observations are used to address 3 atmospheric moisture issues related to the occurrence of blowing snow, a feature which largely affects many regions of Antarctica: 1) Blowing snow sublimation raises close to saturation the moisture content of the surface atmosphere, and atmospheric models and meteorological analyzes that do not carry blowing snow parameterizations areaffected by a systematic dry bias; 2) While snowpack modeling with a parameterization of surface snow erosion by wind can reproduce the variability of snow accumulation and ablation, ignoring the high levels of atmospheric moisture content associated with blowing snow results in overestimating surface sublimation affecting the energy budget of the snow-pack; 3) the well-known profile method to calculate turbulent moisture fluxes is not applicable when blowing snow occurs, because moisture gradients are weak due to blowing snow sublimation, and the impact of measurement uncertainties are strongly amplified in case of strong winds.
Keywords: Antarctica, Snowpack, Surface Mass Balance, Katabatic flow, Blowing snow, Sublimation, Latent Heat Fluxes, Moisture, Observation, Modelling, Profile method,Monin and Obukhov similarity theory, Uncertainty propagation
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1013 |
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Copernicus GmbH |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6015 |
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Author |
Sanguino Laura, Franqueville Laure, Vogel Timothy M, Larose Catherine, |
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Title |
Linking environmental prokaryotic viruses and their host through CRISPRs.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
FEMS microbiology ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
fiv046-fiv046 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Regions, Bacteria, Bacteria: genetics, Bacteria: isolation & purification, Bacteria: virology, Bacteriophages, Bacteriophages: genetics, Base Sequence, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic, Computational Biology, Ecosystem, Environment, Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Bacterial: genetics, Ice Cover, Ice Cover: microbiology, Ice Cover: virology, Metagenome, Metagenomics, Norway, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S: genetics, Soil Microbiology, Virus Physiological Phenomena, Virus Physiological Phenomena: genetics, |
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Abstract |
The ecological pressure that viruses place on microbial communities is not only based on predation, but also on gene transfer. In order to determine the potential impact of viruses and transduction, we need a better understanding of the dynamics of interactions between viruses and their hosts in the environment. Data on environmental viruses are scarce, and methods for tracking their interactions with prokaryotes are needed. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), which contain viral sequences in bacterial genomes, might help document the history of virus-host interactions in the environment. In this study, a bioinformatics network linking viruses and their hosts using CRISPR sequences obtained from metagenomic data was developed and applied to metagenomes from Arctic glacial ice and soil. The application of our network approach showed that putative interactions were more commonly detected in the ice samples than the soil which would be consistent with the ice viral-bacterial interactions being more dynamic than those in soil. Further analysis of the viral sequences in the CRISPRs indicated that Ralstonia phages might be agents of transduction in the Arctic glacial ice.
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Programme |
399 |
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The Oxford University Press |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6072 |
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Title |
The Recent Evolution of a Maternally-Inherited Endosymbiont of Ticks Led to the Emergence of the Q Fever Pathogen, Coxiella burnetii.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PLoS pathogens |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS Pathog. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e1004892-e1004892 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. Its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. Its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. A few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited Coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the Q fever pathogen remain unclear. Here, we extensively sampled ticks, identifying new and atypical Coxiella strains from 40 of 58 examined species, and used this data to infer the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of C. burnetii. Phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus typing and whole-genome sequencing data revealed that Coxiella-like organisms represent an ancient and monophyletic group allied to ticks. Remarkably, all known C. burnetii strains originate within this group and are the descendants of a Coxiella-like progenitor hosted by ticks. Using both colony-reared and field-collected gravid females, we further establish the presence of highly efficient maternal transmission of these Coxiella-like organisms in four examined tick species, a pattern coherent with an endosymbiotic lifestyle. Our laboratory culture assays also showed that these Coxiella-like organisms were not amenable to culture in the vertebrate cell environment, suggesting different metabolic requirements compared to C. burnetii. Altogether, this corpus of data demonstrates that C. burnetii recently evolved from an inherited symbiont of ticks which succeeded in infecting vertebrate cells, likely by the acquisition of novel virulence factors.
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Programme |
333 |
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Publisher |
Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1553-7366 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6094 |
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Author |
Quillfeldt Petra, Cherel Yves, Masello Juan F, Delord Karine, McGill Rona A R, Furness Robert W, Moodley Yoshan, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Half a world apart? Overlap in nonbreeding distributions of Atlantic and Indian Ocean thin-billed prions.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0125007-e0125007 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Distant populations of animals may share their non-breeding grounds or migrate to distinct areas, and this may have important consequences for population differentiation and dynamics. Small burrow-nesting seabirds provide a suitable case study, as they are often restricted to safe breeding sites on islands, resulting in a patchy breeding distribution. For example, Thin-billed prions Pachyptila belcheri have two major breeding colonies more than 8,000 km apart, on the Falkland Islands in the south-western Atlantic and in the Kerguelen Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. We used geolocators and stable isotopes to compare at-sea movements and trophic levels of these two populations during their non-breeding season, and applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat. Over three winters, birds breeding in the Atlantic showed a high consistency in their migration routes. Most individuals migrated more than 3000 km eastwards, while very few remained over the Patagonian Shelf. In contrast, all Indian Ocean birds migrated westwards, resulting in an overlapping nonbreeding area in the eastern Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geolocators and isotopic signature of feathers indicated that prions from the Falklands moulted at slightly higher latitudes than those from Kerguelen Islands. All birds fed on low trophic level prey, most probably crustaceans. The phenology differed notably between the two populations. Falkland birds returned to the Patagonian Shelf after 2-3 months, while Kerguelen birds remained in the nonbreeding area for seven months, before returning to nesting grounds highly synchronously and at high speed. Habitat models identified sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a concentration as important environmental parameters. In summary, we show that even though the two very distant populations migrate to roughly the same area to moult, they have distinct wintering strategies: They had significantly different realized niches and timing which may contribute to spatial niche partitioning.
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Programme |
109 |
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Publisher |
Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6163 |
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Title |
Population density and climate shape early-life survival and recruitment in a long-lived pelagic seabird.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
The Journal of animal ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
84 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1423-33 |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0021-8790 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6180 |
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Author |
Barbraud Christophe, Delord Karine, Weimerskirch Henri, |
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Title |
Extreme ecological response of a seabird community to unprecedented sea ice cover.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Royal Society open science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
140456-140456 |
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Programme |
109 |
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The Royal Society |
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ISSN |
2054-5703 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6187 |
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Author |
Walpole J, Wookey J, Masters G, Kendall J M, |
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Title |
A uniformly processed data set of SKS shear wave splitting measurements: A global investigation of upper mantle anisotropy beneath seismic stations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1991-2010 |
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Keywords |
anisotropy, seismology, mantle, shear wave splitting, 7203 Body waves, 7208 Mantle, 8120 Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle: general, 1209 Tectonic deformation, 0520 Data analysis: algorithms and implementation, |
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Abstract |
Anisotropy in the Earth's upper mantle is a signature of past and present deformation. Here we present a new data set of 50,000 uniformly processed SKS shear wave splitting measurements that probe upper mantle anisotropy beneath seismic stations in the frequency band 0.020.1 Hz. The data set consists of measurements obtained at 2000 seismic stations from 2000 events. We identify several stations characterized by an apparent absence of shear wave splitting (so-called null stations). Station-averaged measurements are obtained by stacking shear wave splitting error surfaces. The stacked data set shows excellent agreement with a compilation of previous SKS measurements. The average amount of splitting beneath seismic stations (after error surface stacking) is 0.8 s, slightly lower than that found previously by vectorial averaging of non-null measurement splitting parameters. The data set disagrees, however, with an azimuthally anisotropic surface wave tomography model (DKP2005), suggesting that caution should be exercised when using such models for geodynamic interpretation, especially in continental regions. Studying our data set in detail, we find evidence that flow in the asthenosphere exerts partial control over SKS splitting in orogenic regions globally. In the active orogenic environment of the western USA, where we have the densest coverage, our data suggest that shallow asthenospheric flow is guided by a wall of thick lithosphere to the east. |
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133 |
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ISSN |
1525-2027 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6276 |
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Author |
Thiebot JB, Ito K, Raclot T, Poupart T, Kato A, Ropert-Coudert Y, Takahashi A |
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Title |
On the significance of Antarctic jellyfish as food for Adelie penguins, as revealed by video-loggers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
MARINE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
163 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
108 |
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Abstract |
Concern of pelagic gelatinous organisms taking over perturbed marine ecosystems has led to a recent increase in research into this group. However, the significance of this group as prey remains challenging to assess, and hence, gelatinous consumers are often depicted incorrectly as dead ends of pelagic food webs. In the Southern Ocean, where a shift in trophic webs may favour gelatinous animals, we video-monitored prey intake of a key predator. Twenty-eight chick-rearing Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae from Dumont d’Urville station (66°40′S, 140°01′E) were instrumented with miniaturized video loggers in 2014–2015. Among other items (krill, fish), 101 gelatinous organisms (n = 79 jellyfish, 6 salps and 16 unidentified) were observed on 13 of 21 exploitable video footages (total: 59 h). Importantly, 65.3 % of gelatinous organisms were attacked, but among them salps were not attacked. Attacks on jellyfish were significantly associated with the visible presence of the jellyfish’s gonad. Jellyfish were encountered at an average depth of 26.2 ± 10.4 m, significantly shallower than krill. Attacks occurred mostly during bottom, but also descent or ascent dive phases. Concomitant GPS location for four birds revealed that attacks on jellyfish occurred above the shelf, 35 km north from the colony, where sea ice concentration reached 88 %. These results indicate that Adélie penguins occasionally feed on jellyfish, even though other prey types are also available. Refining our perception of scyphozoans’ niche may thus help anticipate the functional response of the food webs to the extensive changes witnessed in the Antarctic environment. |
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Programme |
1091 |
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ISSN |
0025-3162 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6432 |
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Author |
Coquereau, L., Grall, J., Chauvaud, L., Gervaise, C., Jolivet, A., Clavier, J., and Di Iorio, L. |
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Title |
Sound production and associated behaviors of benthic invertebrates from northeast atlantic maerl beds |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Marine biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Biol. |
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Volume |
163 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
127 |
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Abstract |
Maerl beds are among the most endangered habitats in coastal temperate waters and a priority for conservation. Passive acoustics is a potential non-intrusive approach for surveying this fragile ecosystem with minor disturbances. Invertebrate sounds can be major contributors to natural coastal soundscapes but are not well studied. We conducted controlled tank-based experiments to identify sound-producing invertebrates inhabiting north-east Atlantic maerl beds and to characterise their sounds in terms of frequency features and source levels. We also determined which sound types are able to be detected above natural maerl ambient noise and suitable for in situ monitoring. Tank recording sessions of 20 abundant and potentially soniferous invertebrates from maerl beds revealed eight soniferous species and 15 different sound types. Two new sound-producing families were identified, Calyptraeidae and Majidae. Six sound types had properties consistent with detectability and identification for in situ acoustic studies: the feeding sound of sea urchins Echinus esculentus, Paracentrotus lividus and Psammechinus miliaris, snapping sound of the snapping shrimp Athanas nitescens, and feeding and other sounds of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla. Estimated detection distances ranged from a few metres for sea urchin feeding sounds up to about 40 m for A. nitescens snaps and spider crab feeding sounds. These invertebrates, particularly A. nitescens, probably make a substantial contribution to the maerl ambient noise. This invertebrate sound library sets a basis for in situ acoustic studies. |
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Programme |
1090 |
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0025-3162 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6499 |
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Author |
Hindell Mark A., McMahon Clive R., Bester Marthán N., Boehme Lars, Costa Daniel, Fedak Mike A., Guinet Christophe, Herraiz-Borreguero Laura, Harcourt Robert G., Huckstadt Luis, Kovacs Kit M., Lydersen Christian, McIntyre Trevor, Muelbert Monica, Patterson Toby, Roquet Fabien, Williams Guy, Charrassin Jean-Benoît |
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Title |
Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6537 |
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