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Author |
Bouakaze C, Keyser C, de Martino S J, Sougakoff W, Veziris N, Dabernat H, Ludes B, |
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Title |
Identification and Genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Species by Use of a SNaPshot Minisequencing-Based Assay
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Clinical Microbiology |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue  |
5 |
Pages |
1758 -1766 |
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Abstract |
The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of the SNaPshot minisequencing method for the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates to the species level and for further genotyping of M. tuberculosis isolates. We developed an innovative strategy based on two multiplex allele-specific minisequencing assays that allowed detection of eight species-specific and eight lineage-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Each assay consisted of an eightplex PCR amplification, followed by an eightplex minisequencing reaction with the SNaPshot multiplex kit (Applied Biosystems) and, finally, analysis of the extension products by capillary electrophoresis. The whole strategy was developed with a panel of 56 MTBC strains and 15 negative controls. All MTBC strains tested except one M. africanum clinical isolate were accurately identified to the species level, and all M. tuberculosis isolates were successfully further genotyped. This two-step strategy based on SNaPshot minisequencing allows the simultaneous differentiation of closely related members of the MTBC, the distinction between principal genetic groups, and the characterization of M. tuberculosis isolates into one of the seven prominent SNP cluster groups (SCGs) and could be a useful tool for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes.
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1038 |
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0095-1137 |
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yes |
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3032 |
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Title |
Sustained increase in food supplies reduces broodmate aggression in black-legged kittiwakes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1095-1100 |
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Keywords |
black-legged kittiwake, broodmate aggression, brood reduction, food amount hypothesis, food supplementation, Rissa tridactyla, siblicide, |
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Abstract |
The amount of food ingested by chicks has often been suggested as being the main proximate factor controlling broodmate aggression in facultatively siblicidal species. Although several experiments have demonstrated that short-term food deprivation causes a temporary increase in aggression, no study has, to our knowledge, experimentally manipulated overall food supplies and considered long-term effects on chick behaviour and life history traits. We provided supplemental food to breeding pairs of black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactyla, over an entire breeding season and compared the aggressive behaviour of their chicks with that of chicks of control pairs. Control A-chicks (first to hatch) showed more frequent and intense aggression than their experimental counterparts. Furthermore, the more A-chicks begged and the lower their growth rate the more aggressive they were. The consequences of increased aggression for B-chicks (second to hatch) were lower begging rate, lower growth rate and lower survival. We thus provide evidence that a sustained increase in food availability affects broodmate aggression and chick survival at the nest and we discuss the various proximate and ultimate causes involved in the evolution of broodmate aggression. |
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1162 |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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3115 |
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Author |
Kojadinovic Jessica, Jackson Christine H, Cherel Yves, Jackson George D, Bustamante Paco, |
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Title |
Multi-elemental concentrations in the tissues of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae from Tasmania and the southern Indian Ocean
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
74 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1238-1249 |
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Keywords |
Cephalopod, Southern Indian Ocean, Tasmania, Metals, Bioaccumulation, Consumption guidelines, |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0147-6513 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3260 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
La Houille Blanche |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
5 |
Pages |
20-28 |
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304 |
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ISSN |
0018-6368 |
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yes |
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3522 |
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Author |
Brodier S, Pisanu B, Villers A, Pettex E, Lioret M, Chapuis J-L, Bretagnolle V, |
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Title |
Responses of seabirds to the rabbit eradication on Ile Verte, sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Archipelago
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Animal Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
1367-9430 |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
459-465 |
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Keywords |
Oryctolagus cuniculus, invasive mammal, burrowing petrels, brown skua, conservation program, Sub-Antarctic island, |
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136 |
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Publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1469-1795 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3540 |
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Title |
The significance of the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands for the assessment of the vulnerability of native communities to climate change, alien insect invasions and plant viruses
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biological Invasions |
Abbreviated Journal |
1387-3547 |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1195-1208 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
The suite of environments and anthropogenic modifications of sub-Antarctic islands provide key opportunities to improve our understanding of the potential consequences of climate change and biological species invasions on terrestrial ecosystems. The profound impact of human introduced invasive species on indigenous biota, and the facilitation of establishment as a result of changing thermal conditions, has been well documented on the French sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands (South Indian Ocean). The present study provides an overview of the vulnerability of sub-Antarctic terrestrial communities with respect to two interacting factors, namely climate change and alien insects. We present datasets assimilated by our teams on the Kerguelen Islands since 1974, coupled with a review of the literature, to evaluate the mechanism and impact of biological invasions in this region. First, we consider recent climatic trends of the Antarctic region, and its potential influence on the establishment, distribution and abundance of alien insects, using as examples one fly and one beetle species. Second, we consider to what extent limited gene pools may restrict alien species colonisations. Finally, we consider the vulnerability of native communities to aliens using the examples of one beetle, one fly, and five aphid species taking into consideration their additional impact as plant virus vectors. We conclude that the evidence assimilated from the sub-Antarctic islands can be applied to more complex temperate continental systems as well as further developing international guidelines to minimise the impact of alien species. |
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136 |
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Springer Netherlands |
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ISSN |
1387-3547 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3557 |
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Author |
Hughes Kevin A, Lee Jennifer E, Tsujimoto Megumu, Imura Satoshi, Bergstrom Dana M, Ware Chris, Lebouvier Marc, Huiskes Ad HL, Gremmen Niek JM, Frenot Yves, Bridge Paul D, Chown Steven L, |
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Title |
Food for thought: Risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
144 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1682-1689 |
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Keywords |
Alien, Non-indigenous, Biosecurity, Propagules, Food, Polar, Antarctica, Sub-Antarctic, |
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Abstract |
To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially high risk, but as yet unquantified pathway. To address this knowledge gap, >11,250 fruit and vegetables sent to nine research stations in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, were examined for associated soil, invertebrates and microbial decomposition. Fifty-one food types were sourced from c. 130 locations dispersed across all six of the Earths inhabited continents. On average, 12% of food items had soil on their surface, 28% showed microbial infection resulting in rot and more than 56 invertebrates were recorded, mainly from leafy produce. Approximately 30% of identified fungi sampled from infected foods were not recorded previously from within the Antarctic region, although this may reflect limited knowledge of Antarctic fungal diversity. The number of non-native flying invertebrates caught within the Rothera Research Station food storage area was linked closely with the level of fresh food resupply by ship and aircraft. We conclude by presenting practical biosecurity measures to reduce the risk of non-native species introductions to Antarctica associated with fresh foods. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0006-3207 |
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yes |
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3558 |
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Author |
Jaffal A, Givaudan N, Betoulle S, Terreau A, Paris-Palacios S, Biagianti-Risbourg S, Beall E, Roche H, |
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Title |
Polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater salmonids from the Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution |
Abbreviated Journal |
0269-7491 |
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Volume |
159 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1381-1389 |
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Keywords |
PCB accumulation, Sub-Antarctic area, Salmonids, Kerguelen Islands, |
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409 |
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ISSN |
0269-7491 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3625 |
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Author |
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Title |
Why do some adult birds skip breeding? A hormonal investigation in a long-lived bird.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
1644-7700 |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
790-2 |
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Keywords |
Animals, Birds, Birds: physiology, Breeding, Female, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: administration & d, Longevity, Luteinizing Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone: secretion, Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal, |
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Abstract |
Skipping reproduction is often observed in long-lived organisms, but proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. Since young and/or very old snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) commonly skip breeding, we tested whether they are physiologically able to breed during the pre-laying stage. To do so, we measured the ability of known-age (11-45 years old) petrels to release luteinizing hormone (LH, a crucial driver for breeding), by injecting exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Although young petrels exhibited low baseline LH levels, they were able to elevate LH levels after a GnRH challenge. Moreover, young and very old petrels showed a stronger decrease in LH levels after the 10 min post-GnRH injection compared with middle-aged petrels. Birds that skipped breeding were as able as breeders to release LH after a GnRH challenge, indicating that they had functional pituitaries. However, the decision to skip reproduction was linked to a strong LH decrease after the 10 min post-GnRH injection. Our result suggests that the youngest and the oldest petrels fail to maintain elevated baseline LH levels, thereby do not initiate reproductive activities. Skipping reproduction in long-lived birds probably results from age-related changes in the dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function.
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109 |
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1644-7700 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1414 |
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Author |
Bruhwiler L M P, Michalak A M, Tans P P |
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Title |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1309-1331 |
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416 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1726-4189 |
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yes |
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1685 |
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