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Title |
What can we learn from HF signal scattered from a discrete arc?
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Ann. Geophys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue  |
5 |
Pages |
1887 -1896 |
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Abstract |
We present observations of a discrete southward propagating arc which appeared in the mid-night sector at latitudes equatorward of main substorm activity. The arc observations were made simultaneously by the ALFA (Auroral Light Fine Analysis) optical camera, the SuperDARN-CUTLASS HF radar and the Demeter satellite during a coordinated multi-instrumental campaign conducted at the KEOPS/ESRANGE site in December 2006. The SuperDARN HF signal which is often lost in the regions of strong electron precipitation yields in our case clear backscatter from an isolated arc of weak intensity. Consequently we are able to study arc dynamics, the formation of meso-scale irregularities of the electron density along the arc, compare the arc motion with the convection of surrounding plasma and discuss the contribution of ionospheric ions in the arc erosion and its propagation. |
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Programme |
312;911 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1432-0576 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2088 |
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Title |
Physiological response to extreme fasting in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups: metabolic rates, energy reserve utilization, and water fluxes.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. |
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Volume |
297 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
R1582 -92 |
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Keywords |
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: metabolism, Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Physiological: physiology, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Animals, Newborn: physiology, Basal Metabolism, Basal Metabolism: physiology, Body Composition, Body Composition: physiology, Body Mass Index, Body Temperature, Body Temperature: physiology, Energy Metabolism, Energy Metabolism: physiology, Fasting, Fasting: physiology, Female, Fur Seals, Fur Seals: physiology, Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism: physiology, Male, Seasons, Water, Water: metabolism, |
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Abstract |
Surviving prolonged fasting requires various metabolic adaptations, such as energy and protein sparing, notably when animals are simultaneously engaged in energy-demanding processes such as growth. Due to the intermittent pattern of maternal attendance, subantarctic fur seal pups have to repeatedly endure exceptionally long fasting episodes throughout the 10-mo rearing period while preparing for nutritional independence. Their metabolic responses to natural prolonged fasting (33.4 +/- 3.3 days) were investigated at 7 mo of age. Within 4-6 fasting days, pups shifted into a stage of metabolic economy characterized by a minimal rate of body mass loss (0.7%/day) and decreased resting metabolic rate (5.9 +/- 0.1 ml O(2)xkg(-1)xday(-1)) that was only 10% above the level predicted for adult terrestrial mammals. Field metabolic rate (289 +/- 10 kJxkg(-1)xday(-1)) and water influx (7.9 +/- 0.9 mlxkg(-1)xday(-1)) were also among the lowest reported for any young otariid, suggesting minimized energy allocation to behavioral activity and thermoregulation. Furthermore, lean tissue degradation was dramatically reduced. High initial adiposity (>48%) and predominant reliance on lipid catabolism likely contributed to the exceptional degree of protein sparing attained. Blood chemistry supported these findings and suggested utilization of alternative fuels, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and de novo synthesized glucose from fat-released glycerol. Regardless of sex and body condition, pups tended to adopt a convergent strategy of extreme energy and lean body mass conservation that appears highly adaptive for it allows some tissue growth during the repeated episodes of prolonged fasting they experience throughout their development.
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119 |
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ISSN |
0363-6119 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2174 |
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Title |
Experiments on colour ornaments and mate choice in king penguins
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
78 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1247 -1253 |
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Keywords |
aptenodytes patagonicus, |
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Abstract |
Research on animal ornaments used in mate choice has largely focused on males, particularly for bird species with sexually dimorphic coloured patches of feathers and integument. Relatively less information is available for coloured ornaments of sexually monomorphic species and the use of these ornaments during mate choice. The king penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, is a monogamous marine bird in which both sexes show very similar coloured ornaments (UV and yellow-orange colours on the beak, yellow-orange auricular feathers, and yellow to rusty-brown breast feathers). These ornaments have previously been implicated in mate choice. We used manipulative experiments to test the role of coloured feather patches in the choice of partners that occurs during pair formation. Experimental reduction of auricular patch size delayed pairing, and alteration of auricular and breast patch colour from yellow to white caused an even stronger delay (white treatments gave adults the appearance of immature birds). Surprisingly, we found that time to pairing did not differ between treatments for females, but males showed significant delays in pairing in general and especially when treated. Thus, females seemed to be more selective in mate choice than males, a phenomenon that might be explained by a male-biased sex ratio in the colony. Nevertheless, our results indicate that choice of mate may be much stronger in one of the sexes in what appears to be a sexually monomorphic species, for which we expected sexual selection to favour mutually strong male and female mate choice. 2009 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Programme |
354 |
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ISSN |
0003-3472 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2195 |
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Title |
What factors drive prolactin and corticosterone responses to stress in a long-lived bird species (snow petrel Pagodroma nivea)?
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol. Biochem. Zool. |
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Volume |
82 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
590 -602 |
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Keywords |
Adrenal Glands, Adrenal Glands: drug effects, Adrenal Glands: secretion, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: administration & dosa, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: secretion, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Birds, Birds: blood, Birds: physiology, Breeding, Corticosterone, Corticosterone: blood, Corticosterone: secretion, Female, Longevity, Male, Models, Biological, Prolactin, Prolactin: blood, Prolactin: secretion, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Physiological, |
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Abstract |
Life-history theory predicts that individuals should adapt their parental investment to the costs and benefits of the current reproductive effort. This could be achieved by modulating the hormonal stress response, which may shift energy investment away from reproduction and redirect it toward survival. In birds, this stress response consists of a release of corticosterone that may be accompanied by a decrease in circulating prolactin, a hormone involved in the regulation of parental care. We lack data on the modulation of the prolactin stress response. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals should modulate their prolactin stress response according to the fitness value of the current reproductive effort relative to the fitness value of future reproduction. Specifically, we examined the influence of breeding status (failed breeders vs. incubating birds) and body condition on prolactin and corticosterone stress responses in a long-lived species, the snow petrel Pagodroma nivea. When facing stressors, incubating birds had higher prolactin levels than failed breeders. However, we found no effect of body condition on the prolactin stress response. The corticosterone stress response was modulated according to body condition but was not affected by breeding status. We also performed an experiment using injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and found that the modulation of the corticosterone stress response was probably associated with a reduction in ACTH release by the pituitary and a decrease in adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. In addition, we examined whether prolactin and corticosterone secretion were functionally linked. We found that these two hormonal stress responses were not correlated. Moreover, injection of ACTH did not affect prolactin levels, demonstrating that short-term variations in prolactin levels are not governed directly or indirectly by ACTH release. Thus, we suggest that the corticosterone and prolactin responses to short-term stressors are independent and may therefore mediate some specific components of parental investment in breeding birds. With mounting evidence, we suggest that examining both corticosterone and prolactin stress responses could be relevant to parental investment in vertebrates.
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1522-2152 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2219 |
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Author |
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Title |
Stress response and the value of reproduction: are birds prudent parents?
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The American naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. Nat. |
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Volume |
173 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
589 -598 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In vertebrates, stressors such as starvation or predator attacks stimulate the rapid elevation of circulating glucocorticoid hormones, triggering physiological and behavioral responses that aid immediate survival but simultaneously inhibit reproduction. This stress response has been proposed to serve as a physiological mediator of life-history trade-offs: when the value of current reproduction is high relative to the value of future reproduction and survival, a mitigated stress response is expected to enable successful breeding and maximize fitness. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses, we investigated baseline and peak stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels during parental care in 64 bird species. We found that (1) species with a higher value of the current brood relative to future breeding mounted weaker corticosterone responses during acute stress, and (2) females in species with more female-biased parental care had weaker corticosterone responses. These results support the brood value hypothesis, suggesting that the stress response evolves as an adaptive basis for life-history strategies. Further, we found that (3) baseline corticosterone correlated positively with brood value and negatively with body mass, and (4) peak corticosterone was greater in species breeding at higher latitudes. The latter findings suggest that circulating corticosterone concentrations might be matched to the anticipated demands and risks during nesting.
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Programme |
109 |
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Publisher |
JSTOR |
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ISSN |
0003-0147 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2258 |
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Title |
Worldwide distribution and diversity of seabird ticks: implications for the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
453 -70 |
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Keywords |
bird, Borrelia, Carios capensis, hard ticks, hostparasite interactions, Ixodes uriae, soft ticks, Soldado virus, vector-borne disease., |
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Abstract |
Abstract The ubiquity of ticks and their importance in the transmission of pathogens involved in human and livestock diseases are reflected by the growing number of studies focusing on tick ecology and the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens. Likewise, the involvement of wild birds in dispersing pathogens and their role as reservoir hosts are now well established. However, studies on tick-bird systems have mainly focused on land birds, and the role of seabirds in the ecology and epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens is rarely considered. Seabirds typically have large population sizes, wide geographic distributions, and high mobility, which make them significant potential players in the maintenance and dispersal of disease agents at large spatial scales. They are parasitized by at least 29 tick species found across all biogeographical regions of the world. We know that these seabird-tick systems can harbor a large diversity of pathogens, although detailed studies of this diversity remain scarce. In this article, we review current knowledge on the diversity and global distribution of ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with seabirds. We discuss the relationship between seabirds, ticks, and their pathogens and examine the interesting characteristics of these relationships from ecological and epidemiological points of view. We also highlight some future research directions required to better understand the evolution of these systems and to assess the potential role of seabirds in the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
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Programme |
333 |
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Publisher |
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA |
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ISSN |
1530-3667 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2315 |
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Title |
Population genetics of 17 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Yakutia
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Forensic Science International: Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forensic Sci Int Genet |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e129 -e130 |
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Keywords |
Y-Chromosomal STR, Haplotype, AmpFlSTR Yfiler, Yakut population, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1038 |
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ISSN |
1872-4973 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2689 |
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Author |
BormannPeter, SaulJoachim, |
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Title |
The New IASPEI Standard Broadband Magnitude m B
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
79 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
698-705 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
0895-0695 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2774 |
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Author |
Mazzei F, Ghigliotti L, Coutanceau Jean-Pierre, Detrich H, Prirodina V, Ozouf-Costaz C, Pisano E, |
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Title |
Chromosomal characteristics of the temperate notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
629-634 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
The Falklands mullet, Eleginops maclovinus , is the only modern representative of the Sub-Antarctic family Eleginopidae, suborder Notothenioidei. Based on specimens from the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas, the Magellan Straits, and the southern coast of Chile, we have established the specific karyotype by conventional cytogenetic methods and have mapped the chromosomal loci of the ribosomal genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). With respect to the basal notothenioid family Bovichtidae and to the hypothetical basal condition of the suborder (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 48), E. maclovinus displays a slightly derived karyotype (diploid number = 48, fundamental number = 54). In contrast to the bovichtids, the 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs are co-localized to a single chromosome pair. Condensation of the ribosomal genes to a single locus is likely to represent an intermediate stage in the evolution of notothenioid karyology. Features unique to E. maclovinus (e.g., morphology of its large, rDNA-bearing chromosome pair) probably result from divergence during the long evolutionary isolation of the family. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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ISSN |
0722-4060 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2824 |
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Author |
Bormann Peter, Saul Joachim, |
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Title |
A Fast, Non-saturating Magnitude Estimator for Great Earthquakes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
0895-0695 |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
808 -816 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
0895-0695 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
2924 |
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