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Ricaud, P. Gabard, B. Derrien, S. Attie, J.-L. Rose, T. Czekala, H. |
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Title |
Validation of tropospheric water vapor as measured by the 183-GHz HAMSTRAD Radiometer over the Pyrenees Mountains, France |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue  |
5 |
Pages |
2189-2203 |
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Abstract |
The H2O Antarctica Microwave Stratospheric and Tropospheric Radiometers (HAMSTRAD) 183-GHz radiometer has been developed to measure vertical profiles of tropospheric water vapor above Dome C (Concordia station), Antarctica ( 75?06'S, 123?21'E, 3233 m asml), which is an extremely cold and dry environment, over decades. Prior to its installation at Dome C in January 2009, the instrument was deployed at the Pic du Midi (PdM) station ( 42?56'N, 0?08'E, 2877 m asml) in the Pyrenees Mountains, France, over the period covering February-June 2008. Vertical profiles of absolute humidity and integrated water vapor (IWV) as measured by HAMSTRAD were compared with measurements from radiosondes launched in three different sites: Lannemezan (43?07'N, 0?23'E, 610 m asml), France (~30 km northeast from PdM), Bordeaux-Me?rignac Airport (44?49'N, 0?42'W, 50 m asml), France ( ~ 220 km northwest from PdM), and Zaragoza (41?39'N, 0?53'W, 263 m asml), Spain ( ~170 km southwest from PdM). The validation process also used the vertical profiles of tropospheric H2O as measured by the nadir-viewing infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the MetOp-A space platform. The temporal evolution of the HAMSTRAD H2O measurements above the PdM station is very consistent with IASI, sonde, and in situ measurements, tracking the same atmosphere from a dry period in February to a wet period in June. HAMSTRAD showed unrealistic values in periods of well-established snow tempest. While the sensitivity of the HAMSTRAD measurements tends to be degraded 6 km above the altitude of the instrument, namely, above 8877 m asml, the HAMSTRAD measurements seem reasonable at the uppermost retrieval level (namely, 10 km, 12 877 m asml). In May, the wet periods are systematically showing a good agreement between sonde and HAMSTRAD IWV fields and H2O below 6777 m asml but a dry bias of IASI by more than 4-kg m-2 IWV, where- – as outside of these periods, the three data sets behave consistently. Since the best results (mean, standard deviation, bias, and correlation) are obtained when the HAMSTRAD radiometer operates in the very dry conditions of February, namely, in dryness conditions comparable to Dome C summertime values, we are very confident in the optimal use of the instrument when deployed in Antarctica. |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0196-2892 |
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52 |
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Author |
Vignati E, Facchini MC, Rinaldi M, Scannell C, Ceburnis D, Sciare J, Kanakidou M, Myriokefalitakis S, Dentener F, O'Dowd CD, |
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Title |
Global scale emission and distribution of sea-spray aerosol: Sea-salt and organic enrichment
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
670 -677 |
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Keywords |
Modelling, Marine aerosols, Organics, Emissions, |
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Abstract |
The chemical composition of marine aerosols as a function of their size is an important parameter for the evaluation of their impact on the global climate system. In this work we model fine particle organic matter emitted by sea spray processes and its influence on the aerosol chemical properties at the global scale using the off-line global Chemistry-Transport Model TM5. TM5 is coupled to a microphysical aerosol dynamics model providing size resolved information on particle masses and numbers. The mass of the emitted sea spray particles is partitioned between water insoluble organic matter (WIOM) and sea salt components in the accumulation mode using a function that relates the emitted organic fraction to the surface ocean chlorophyll-a concentrations. The global emission in the submicron size range of organic matter by sea spray process is 8.2 Tg yr-1, compared to 24 Tg yr-1 sea-salt emissions. When the marine sources are included, the concentrations of modeled primary particulate organic matter (POM) increase mainly over the oceans. The model predictions of WIOM and sea salt are evaluated against measurements carried out at Mace Head (Northern Hemisphere) and Amsterdam Island (Southern Hemisphere), showing that in clean marine conditions WIOM marine emissions contribute significantly to POM values. An estimation of the sea spray organic source in the coarse mode is carried out on the basis of field observations as well as laboratory experiments: the mass of sea spray organic matter in the coarse size range is ca 52% of the total primary organic fraction, leading to a total marine POM emission of 17.2 Tg yr-1. |
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415 |
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1352-2310 |
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68 |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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American Journal of Physiology – Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology |
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300 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
R1241 -R1249 |
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137 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1522-1490 |
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yes |
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180 |
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Title |
Paleoclimates: what do we learn from deep ice cores?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
654 -669 |
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458 |
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |
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1757-7799 |
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yes |
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209 |
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Author |
Charbonnier Yohan, Delord Karine, Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, |
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Title |
King-size fast food for Antarctic fur seals
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
721-724 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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109 |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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327 |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Hormones and behavior |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
762 -8 |
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Keywords |
Animal Migration, Animal Migration: physiology, Animals, Body Weight, Body Weight: physiology, Courtship, Fasting, Fasting: blood, Fasting: metabolism, Fasting: physiology, Female, Hormones, Hormones: blood, Hormones: metabolism, Hormones: physiology, Male, Maternal Behavior, Maternal Behavior: physiology, Nesting Behavior, Nesting Behavior: physiology, Oviparity, Oviparity: physiology, Pair Bond, Paternal Behavior, Paternal Behavior: physiology, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sexual Behavior, Animal: physiology, Spheniscidae, Spheniscidae: blood, Spheniscidae: metabolism, Spheniscidae: physiology, |
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137 |
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yes |
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369 |
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Title |
Age and the timing of breeding in a long-lived bird: a role for stress hormones?
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Functional Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1007 -1016 |
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Keywords |
age, glucocorticoids, laying date, snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), stress response, |
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109 |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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ISSN |
1365-2435 |
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466 |
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Author |
White J, Helfenstein F, Danchin E, Hatch S A, Wagner R H, |
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Title |
Sperm age and reproductive performance in a strictly monogamous bird – an experimental study
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ornithol. |
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147 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
88 -88 |
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1162 |
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SPRINGER |
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0021-8375 |
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yes |
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1570 |
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Author |
Andrews JT, Belt ST, Olafsdottir S, Masse G, Vare LL, |
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Title |
Sea ice and marine climate variability for NW Iceland/Denmark Strait over the last 2000 cal. yr BP
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
The Holocene |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
775 -784 |
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Abstract |
MD99-2263 is a 46 cm box core collected from Djupall, a trough that cuts across the NW Iceland Shelf and ends above Denmark Strait. We provide a multiproxy record that documents changes in the regional marine climate over the last ~1700 yr. The depth/age model is based on seven calibrated radiocarbon dates on mollusk shells and on 210Pb and 137Cs. Sediment accumulation rates were variable (0.2--0.8 mm/yr) but increased dramatically ~AD 1500. Grain-size, magnetic properties, quantitative mineral composition of the <2 mm sediment fraction, benthic foraminiferal composition, benthic and planktic {Delta}18O ratios, and abundances/fluxes of the sea ice biomarker IP25 were determined. To better compare the various proxies, 12 of the critical climate proxies were co-ordinated into 100-yr/sample time series, which were examined by Principal Component Analysis. The 1st axis explained 49% of the variance and the 2nd axis explained an additional 17%. The variables most strongly associated with the 1st axis were sediment properties (phi mean, clay%) and the sea ice biomarker. Mineralogical indicators of drift ice rafting, such as the presence of quartz and potassium- and sodium-feldspars, coincide with the IP25 biomarker data and show an increase after AD 1200, but high values of quartz and some feldspars also occurred between c. AD 300 and 900 with pronounced minima between AD 900 and 1100. Overall, our data suggest a simple two-fold division in climate conditions over the last 1700 yr, with the major change occurring c. AD 1200. In the last few decades, conditions have reverted towards those experienced prior to AD 1200.
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452 |
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ISSN |
0959-6836 |
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yes |
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1965 |
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Title |
Physiological response to extreme fasting in subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) pups: metabolic rates, energy reserve utilization, and water fluxes.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. |
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Volume |
297 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
R1582 -92 |
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Keywords |
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: metabolism, Adaptation, Physiological, Adaptation, Physiological: physiology, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Animals, Newborn: physiology, Basal Metabolism, Basal Metabolism: physiology, Body Composition, Body Composition: physiology, Body Mass Index, Body Temperature, Body Temperature: physiology, Energy Metabolism, Energy Metabolism: physiology, Fasting, Fasting: physiology, Female, Fur Seals, Fur Seals: physiology, Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism: physiology, Male, Seasons, Water, Water: metabolism, |
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Abstract |
Surviving prolonged fasting requires various metabolic adaptations, such as energy and protein sparing, notably when animals are simultaneously engaged in energy-demanding processes such as growth. Due to the intermittent pattern of maternal attendance, subantarctic fur seal pups have to repeatedly endure exceptionally long fasting episodes throughout the 10-mo rearing period while preparing for nutritional independence. Their metabolic responses to natural prolonged fasting (33.4 +/- 3.3 days) were investigated at 7 mo of age. Within 4-6 fasting days, pups shifted into a stage of metabolic economy characterized by a minimal rate of body mass loss (0.7%/day) and decreased resting metabolic rate (5.9 +/- 0.1 ml O(2)xkg(-1)xday(-1)) that was only 10% above the level predicted for adult terrestrial mammals. Field metabolic rate (289 +/- 10 kJxkg(-1)xday(-1)) and water influx (7.9 +/- 0.9 mlxkg(-1)xday(-1)) were also among the lowest reported for any young otariid, suggesting minimized energy allocation to behavioral activity and thermoregulation. Furthermore, lean tissue degradation was dramatically reduced. High initial adiposity (>48%) and predominant reliance on lipid catabolism likely contributed to the exceptional degree of protein sparing attained. Blood chemistry supported these findings and suggested utilization of alternative fuels, such as beta-hydroxybutyrate and de novo synthesized glucose from fat-released glycerol. Regardless of sex and body condition, pups tended to adopt a convergent strategy of extreme energy and lean body mass conservation that appears highly adaptive for it allows some tissue growth during the repeated episodes of prolonged fasting they experience throughout their development.
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0363-6119 |
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yes |
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2081 |
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