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Author |
Grémillet David, Charmantier Anne, |
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Title |
Shifts in phenotypic plasticity constrain the value of seabirds as ecological indicators of marine ecosystems.
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue  |
6 |
Pages |
1498 -503 |
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Keywords |
Animals, Biological Evolution, Charadriiformes, Charadriiformes: anatomy & histology, Charadriiformes: physiology, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Feeding Behavior, Phenotype, Reproduction, |
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Abstract |
Marine ecosystems are critically challenged by human activities, urgently calling for better management practices. It has been proposed that conspicuous top predators such as seabirds may be used as ecological indicators. This approach requires intimate knowledge of relationships connecting seabird parameters to other ecosystem components (i.e., population plasticity, underlined by individual reaction norms), information which remains scarce. Furthermore, if seabirds are to be used as long-term indicators, the strength of the average plastic response in a studied population has to be sustained through time and space. This second aspect has so far been startlingly neglected, although previous studies underline shifts in the plasticity of seabird traits and detail the tools allowing an evolutionary and ecological study of plasticity in bird populations. Building upon these advances, we argue that gradual or sudden spatiotemporal changes in seabird phenotypic plasticity should not be neglected when designing monitoring schemes. We conclude that seabirds are best used as qualitative sentinels, rather than as quantitative indicators.
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388 |
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1051-0761 |
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yes |
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2376 |
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Author |
Saiz J, García F, Manjón-Cabeza M, Parapar J, Peña-Cantero A, Saucède T, Troncoso J, Ramos A, |
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Title |
Community structure and spatial distribution of benthic fauna in the Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
735-743 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
The structure and spatial distribution of the macrofauna community of the Bellingshausen Sea in the western sector of Antarctica was studied during the BENTART06 oceanographic expedition. This is one of the least explored Antarctic seas. A total of 20 box cores were sampled at 11 stations ranging from 157 to 3,304 m depth, using an USNEL-type box corer (BC) dredge. Representatives of 25 higher taxa of invertebrates were collected. Deeper sampling sites were less rich in taxa (47 taxa), whereas the figures were higher at shallower sites (up to 17 taxa). Faunal density on the sea bottom revealed a horizontal spatial gradient from the western sites with extremely low figures (90 indiv./m 2 ) towards the eastern ones with the highest figures (1,360 indiv./m 2 ) close to the Antarctic Peninsula. Several abiotic factors (depth, redox, organic matter, carbonates and particle size of surficial sediments) were measured simultaneously on the sea floor to characterise the substrate preferences of the fauna. Positive correlations were found between the faunal distribution and a combination of depth, redox values, and organic matter content of sediments. This indicates decreasing availability of food in the deeper bottoms of the Bellingshausen Sea with a prevalence of depauperated bottoms dominated almost exclusively by a foraminiferans community. |
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1124 |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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2825 |
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Author |
Bulat S, Alekhina I, Lipenkov V, Lukin V, Marie D, Petit J, |
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Title |
Cell concentrations of microorganisms in glacial and lake ice of the Vostok ice core, East Antarctica
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Microbiology |
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Volume |
78 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
808-810 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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355 |
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MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica distributed exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media LLC. |
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ISSN |
0026-2617 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2836 |
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Author |
Kuttippurath J, Godin-Beekmann S, Lefèvre F, Goutail F, |
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Title |
Spatial, temporal, and vertical variability of polar stratospheric ozone loss in the Arctic winters 2004/052009/10
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
14675-14711 |
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209 |
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Copernicus Publications |
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1680-7375 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3068 |
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Author |
Guinard Geoffrey, Marchand Didier, Courant Frédéric, Gauthier-Clerc Michel, Le Bohec Céline, |
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Title |
Morphology, ontogenesis and mechanics of cervical vertebrae in four species of penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae)
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
807-822 |
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Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences, |
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Abstract |
Penguins (Aves: Spheniscidae) are pelagic, flightless seabirds, restricted to the southern hemisphere (Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas, New Zealand, Australia, and nearby islands, as well as parts of South America and South Africa). They spend much of their life at sea, but return to islands and coasts to breed. Penguins are terrestrial as juveniles and aquatic as adults. To improve hydrodynamics, penguins tuck in their necks while swimming. They thus attain an ichthyosaur or cetacean body shape: characterised by telescoped cervicals. This mechanism is also used on land, associated with the posture of these birds. Our study of neck structure and cervical vertebrae morphology (morphological description, biometry and contour analysis) of the King Penguin ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), Gentoo Penguin ( Pygoscelis papua ), Macaroni Penguin ( Eudyptes chrysolophus ) and Humboldt Penguin ( Sphensicus humboldti ) shows a highly specialised fitting in adults, which develops during ontogenesis. The growth of penguins proceeds by stages and there are key stages with regard to the design of the neck. Despite a common main structure, some characteristics vary between species. Distribution of cervical vertebrae can be defined by six modules. There are differences in modularity between species and also within species between different ontogenetical phases. |
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137 |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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3119 |
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Author |
Ammon Charles J, Lay Thorne, Simpson David W, |
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Title |
Great Earthquakes and Global Seismic Networks
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Seismological Research Letters |
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Volume |
81 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
965 -971 |
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Programme |
133 |
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ISSN |
0895-0695 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3223 |
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Author |
Leclaire Sarah, Bourret Vincent, Wagner Richard H, Hatch Scott A, Helfenstein Fabrice, Chastel Olivier, Danchin Étienne, |
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Title |
Behavioral and physiological responses to male handicap in chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
1045-2249 |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1156 -1165 |
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Abstract |
Parental investment entails a trade-off between the benefits of effort in current offspring and the costs to future reproduction. Long-lived species are predicted to be reluctant to increase parental effort to avoid affecting their survival. We tested this hypothesis in black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla by clipping flight feathers of experimental males at the beginning of the chick-rearing period. We analyzed the consequences of this handicap on feeding and attendance behavior, body condition, integument coloration, and circulating levels of corticosterone and prolactin in handicapped males and their mates in comparison to unmanipulated controls. Chicks in both groups were compared in terms of aggressive behavior, growth, and mortality. Handicapped males lost more mass, had less bright integuments, and attended the nest less often than controls. Nevertheless, they fed their chicks at the same rate and had similar corticosterone and prolactin levels. Compared with control females, females mated with handicapped males showed a lower provisioning rate and higher nest attendance in the first days after manipulation. Their lower feeding rate probably triggered the increased sibling aggression and mortality observed in experimental broods. Our findings suggest that experimental females adaptively adjusted their effort to their mate's perceived quality or that their provisioning was constrained by their higher nest attendance. Overall, our results suggest that kittiwake males can decrease their condition for the sake of their chicks, which seems to contradict the hypothesis that kittiwakes should be reluctant to increase parental effort to avoid affecting their survival.
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Programme |
330;1162 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1045-2249 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3243 |
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Author |
Larose Catherine, Dommergue Aurelien, Marusczak Nicolas, Coves Jacques, Ferrari Christophe P, Schneider Dominique, |
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Title |
Bioavailable Mercury Cycling in Polar Snowpacks
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Environ. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2150-2156 |
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Abstract |
Polar regions are subject to contamination by mercury (Hg) transported from lower latitudes, severely impacting human and animal health. Atmospheric Mercury Depletion Events (AMDEs) are an episodic process by which Hg is transferred from the atmospheric reservoir to arctic snowpacks. The fate of Hg deposited during these events is the subject of numerous studies, but its speciation remains unclear, especially in terms of environmentally relevant forms such as bioavailable mercury (BioHg). Here, using a bacterial mer-lux biosensor, we report the fraction of newly deposited Hg at the surface and at the bottom of the snowpack that is bioavailable. Snow samples were collected over a two-month arctic field campaign in 2008. In surface snow, BioHg is related to atmospheric Hg deposition and snow fall events were shown to contribute to higher proportions of BioHg than AMDEs. Based on our data, AMDEs represent a potential source of 20 t.y?1 of BioHg, while wet and dry deposition pathways may provide 135?225 t.y?1 of BioHg to Arctic surfaces. |
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399 |
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American Chemical Society |
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ISSN |
0013-936X |
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yes |
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Serial |
3341 |
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Author |
Saraux Claire, Viblanc Vincent A, Hanuise Nicolas, Le Maho Yvon, Le Bohec Céline, |
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Title |
Effects of Individual Pre-Fledging Traits and Environmental Conditions on Return Patterns in Juvenile King Penguins
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
e20407- |
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Abstract |
Despite the importance of early life stages in individuals' life history and population dynamics, very few studies have focused on the constraints to which these juvenile traits are subjected. Based on 10 years of automatic monitoring of over 2500 individuals, we present the first study on the effects of environmental conditions and individual pre-fledging traits on the post-fledging return of non-banded king penguins to their natal colony. Juvenile king penguins returned exclusively within one of the three austral summers following their departure. A key finding is that return rates (range 68-87%) were much higher than previously assumed for this species, importantly meaning that juvenile survival is very close to that of adults. Such high figures suggest little juvenile dispersal, and selection occurring mostly prior to fledging in king penguins. Pre-fledging conditions had a strong quadratic impact on juvenile return rates. As expected, cohorts reared under very unfavourable years (as inferred by the breeding success of the colony) exhibited low return rates but surprisingly, so did those fledged under very favourable conditions. Juvenile sojourns away from the colony were shorter under warm conditions and subsequent return rates higher, suggesting a positive effect of climate warming. The longer the post-fledging trip (1, 2 or 3 years), the earlier in the summer birds returned to their natal colony and the longer they stayed before leaving for the winter journey. The presence of juveniles in the colony was more than twice the duration required for moulting purposes, yet none attempted breeding in the year of their first return. Juvenile presence in the colony may be important for acquiring knowledge on the social and physical colonial environment and may play an important part in the learning process of mating behaviour. Further studies are required to investigate its potential implications on other life-history traits such as recruitment age. |
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137 |
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Publisher |
Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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yes |
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3379 |
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Author |
Todisco Dominique, Bhiry Najat, Desrosiers Pierre M, |
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Title |
Paleoeskimo site taphonomy: An assessment of the integrity of the Tayara site, Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik, Canada
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Geoarchaeology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
743-791 |
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Abstract |
A detailed taphonomic study was undertaken at the Tayara site in order to determine the impact of natural processes such as surface water flow on spatial patterning and site formation. The study focused on Paleoeskimo level II, which contains many lithics and significant faunal remains. Level II integrity was assessed through spatial analysis and by examining the size distribution of lithic artifacts and bone orientation. Experimental knapping aimed at replicating Paleoeskimo lithic technology was used to assess the possible size sorting of lithics. The study indicates that artifact burial by water-laid sediments did not result in a selective impoverishment in small-sized lithics. Statistically significant lithic concentrations and associations suggest that spatial distribution was not significantly modified by site formation processes. However, slight post-depositional changes were presumably induced by water flows in the form of statistically significant horizontal bone reorientations. These occurred when gently flowing water inundated bone accumulations without inducing significant washing or sorting of smaller lithic debris. The spatial integrity evaluation of the level II assemblage reveals a low degree of spatial disturbance and disorganization of the material (i.e., limited entropy), which is likely related to low-energy hydraulic forces and rapid burial soon after Paleoeskimo occupation. The grouping and deposition of much of the occupation debris is likely the result of Paleoeskimo activities (e.g., knapping and butchering), and the lithics and fauna specimens are probably at or very near their original location. These results show the behavioral significance of the grouping and deposition of debris in Tayara's level II. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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1080 |
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Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company |
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ISSN |
1520-6548 |
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yes |
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2696 |
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