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Author |
Anaïs Dasnon, Karine Delord, Adrien Chaigne, Christophe Barbraud |
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Title |
Fisheries bycatch mitigation measures as an efficient tool for the conservation of seabird populations |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
59 |
Issue  |
7 |
Pages |
1674-1685 |
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Abstract |
The impact of industrial fisheries on marine biodiversity is conspicuous in large pelagic vertebrate's fisheries bycatch. In seabirds, this led to the decline of many populations since the 1980s following the rise of global fishing effort. Bycatch mitigation measures were implemented since the 2000s, but their effects on the concerned seabird populations remain poorly quantified and understood. We studied the effects of bycatch mitigation measures on the demography of the white-chinned petrel, one of the most bycatch impacted seabirds whose populations suffered dramatic declines before the implementation of mitigation measures. To do so we (a) built multi-event capture–recapture models to estimate the demographic parameters of a population from Possession Island (southern Indian Ocean) over 30 years, (b) assessed the effect of climate and fishery covariates on demographic parameters, (c) built a population matrix model to estimate stochastic growth rate according to the management in fisheries bycatch and (d) estimated changes in breeding population density using distance sampling data. The population declined from the 1980s to the mid-2000s, while trawl and longline fisheries occurred with no bycatch mitigation measures. The negative effects of fishery bycatch through additive mortality and of rat predation on breeding success were likely the main drivers of this decline. Both modelled population growth rate and observed breeding densities showed an increase since the mid-2000s. We explained this trend by the improvement in survival probability following implementation of fishery bycatch mitigation measures and in breeding success probability with the local control of the rat population and changes in sea ice conditions on foraging grounds. Synthesis and applications. We provide a holistic approach to assess the effects of management measures by analysing datasets from sampling methods commonly employed in seabird studies. Our conclusions should encourage the eradication of invasive predatory species in seabird breeding areas and the strengthening of bycatch mitigation measures for the vulnerable seabird species, especially in international waters, but also the development of such measures considering the other marine large pelagic species threatened by fisheries bycatch (sharks, rays, turtles and marine mammals) since it could be crucial to avoid populations' extinction. |
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109 |
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1365-2664 |
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yes |
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8570 |
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Author |
Dominique A. Cowart, Stefano Schiaparelli, Maria Chiara Alvaro, Matteo Cecchetto, Anne-Sophie Le Port, Didier Jollivet, Stephane Hourdez |
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Title |
Origin, diversity, and biogeography of Antarctic scale worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae): a wide-scale barcoding approach |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e9093 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic biogeography benthic invertebrate DNA barcoding gene flow polynoid Southern Ocean species connectivity |
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Abstract |
The Antarctic marine environment hosts diversified and highly endemic benthos owing to its unique geologic and climatic history. Current warming trends have increased the urgency of understanding Antarctic species history to predict how environmental changes will impact ecosystem functioning. Antarctic benthic lineages have traditionally been examined under three hypotheses: (1) high endemism and local radiation, (2) emergence of deep-sea taxa through thermohaline circulation, and (3) species migrations across the Polar Front. In this study, we investigated which hypotheses best describe benthic invertebrate origins by examining Antarctic scale worms (Polynoidae). We amassed 691 polynoid sequences from the Southern Ocean and neighboring areas: the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego (South America) archipelagos, the Indian Ocean, and waters around New Zealand. We performed phylogenetic reconstructions to identify lineages across geographic regions, aided by mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (Cox1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S). Additionally, we produced haplotype networks at the species scale to examine genetic diversity, biogeographic separations, and past demography. The Cox1 dataset provided the most illuminating insights into the evolution of polynoids, with a total of 36 lineages identified. Eunoe sp. was present at Tierra del Fuego and Kerguelen, in favor of the latter acting as a migration crossroads. Harmothoe fuligineum, widespread around the Antarctic continent, was also present but isolated at Kerguelen, possibly resulting from historical freeze–thaw cycles. The genus Polyeunoa appears to have diversified prior to colonizing the continent, leading to the co-occurrence of at least three cryptic species around the Southern and Indian Oceans. Analyses identified that nearly all populations are presently expanding following a bottleneck event, possibly caused by habitat reduction from the last glacial episodes. Findings support multiple origins for contemporary Antarctic polynoids, and some species investigated here provide information on ancestral scenarios of (re)colonization. First, it is apparent that species collected from the Antarctic continent are endemic, as the absence of closely related species in the Kerguelen and Tierra del Fuego datasets for most lineages argues in favor of Hypothesis 1 of local origin. Next, Eunoe sp. and H. fuligineum, however, support the possibility of Kerguelen and other sub-Antarctic islands acting as a crossroads for larvae of some species, in support of Hypothesis 3. Finally, the genus Polyeunoa, conversely, is found at depths greater than 150 m and may have a deep origin, in line with Hypothesis 2. These “non endemic” groups, nevertheless, have a distribution that is either north or south of the Antarctic Polar Front, indicating that there is still a barrier to dispersal, even in the deep sea. |
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1044 |
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ISSN |
2045-7758 |
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yes |
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8581 |
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Rémi Fay, Sandra Hamel, Martijn van de Pol, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Nigel G. Yoccoz, Paul Acker, Matthieu Authier, Benjamin Larue, Christie Le Coeur, Kaitlin R. Macdonald, Alex Nicol-Harper, Christophe Barbraud, Christophe Bonenfant, Dirk H. Van Vuren, Emmanuelle Cam, Karine Delord, Marlène Gamelon, Maria Moiron, Fanie Pelletier, Jay Rotella, Celine Teplitsky, Marcel E. Visser, Caitlin P. Wells, Nathaniel T. Wheelwright, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, Bernt-Erik Sæther |
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Title |
Temporal correlations among demographic parameters are ubiquitous but highly variable across species |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1640-1654 |
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Keywords |
capture-recapture demographic correlation demography environmental stochasticity slow-fast continuum stochastic population dynamics temporal covariation |
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Abstract |
Temporal correlations among demographic parameters can strongly influence population dynamics. Our empirical knowledge, however, is very limited regarding the direction and the magnitude of these correlations and how they vary among demographic parameters and species’ life histories. Here, we use long-term demographic data from 15 bird and mammal species with contrasting pace of life to quantify correlation patterns among five key demographic parameters: juvenile and adult survival, reproductive probability, reproductive success and productivity. Correlations among demographic parameters were ubiquitous, more frequently positive than negative, but strongly differed across species. Correlations did not markedly change along the slow-fast continuum of life histories, suggesting that they were more strongly driven by ecological than evolutionary factors. As positive temporal demographic correlations decrease the mean of the long-run population growth rate, the common practice of ignoring temporal correlations in population models could lead to the underestimation of extinction risks in most species. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1461-0248 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8593 |
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Author |
A. Ola, D. Fortier, S. Coulombe, J. Comte, F. Domine |
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Title |
The Distribution of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks Among Dominant Geomorphological Terrain Units in Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Arctic Canada |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
127 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e2021JG006750 |
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Keywords |
alluvial fan Arctic permafrost polygon tundra |
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Abstract |
Soils of circumpolar regions store large amounts of carbon (C) and are a crucial part of the global C cycle. Yet, little is known about the distribution of soil C stocks among geomorphological terrain units of glacial valleys in the Arctic. Soil C and nitrogen (N) content for the top 100 cm of the dominant vegetated geomorphological terrain units (i.e., alluvial fans, humid polygons, mesic polygons) at Qarlikturvik Valley, Bylot Island, Canada have been analyzed. Soil C content was greatest in humid low-center ice-wedge polygons (82 kg m−2), followed by mesic flat-center ice-wedge polygons (40 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (16 kg m−2), due to prevailing geomorphological processes, differences in vegetation and soil characteristics, as well as permafrost processes. Soil N content was greatest in humid polygons (4 kg m−2), followed by mesic polygons (2 kg m−2), and alluvial fan area (1 kg m−2). Vertically, C and N decreased with increasing depth except for a peak in C at depth in humid polygons, a likely result of past changes in vegetation cover. At Qarlikturvik Valley, which has a size of 121.7 km2, alluvial fans store 0.226 Tg organic C and humid and mesic polygons store 1.643 and 0.218 Tg organic C, respectively in the top 100 cm of soil. Findings like these are important to further constrain pan-Arctic soil C and N stock estimates and thus climate models. |
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1042 |
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2169-8961 |
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yes |
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8594 |
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Author |
Richard D. Ray, Bryant D. Loomis, Victor Zlotnicki |
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Title |
The mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level from satellite altimetry and gravimetry |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Geodesy |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
95 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
80 |
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Keywords |
Annual geocenter motion Annual land motion Annual/semiannual cycle Satellite altimetry |
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Abstract |
Satellite altimetry and gravimetry are used to determine the mean seasonal cycle in relative sea level, a quantity relevant to coastal flooding and related applications. The main harmonics (annual, semiannual, terannual) are estimated from 25 years of gridded altimetry, while several conventional altimeter “corrections” (gravitational tide, pole tide, and inverted barometer) are restored. To transform from absolute to relative sea levels, a model of vertical land motion is developed from a high-resolution seasonal mass inversion estimated from satellite gravimetry. An adjustment for annual geocenter motion accounts for use of a center-of-mass reference frame in satellite orbit determination. A set of 544 test tide gauges, from which seasonal harmonics have been estimated from hourly measurements, is used to assess how accurately each adjustment to the altimeter data helps converge the results to true relative sea levels. At these gauges, the median annual and semiannual amplitudes are 7.1 cm and 2.2 cm, respectively. The root-mean-square differences with altimetry are 3.24 and 1.17 cm, respectively, which are reduced to 1.93 and 0.86 cm after restoration of corrections and adjustment for land motion. Example outliers highlight some limitations of present-day coastal altimetry owing to inadequate spatial resolution: upwelling and currents off Oregon and wave setup at Minamitori Island. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1432-1394 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8610 |
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Author |
EPICA Community Members |
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Title |
Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
429 |
Issue |
6992 |
Pages |
623-628 |
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Abstract |
The Antarctic Vostok ice core provided compelling evidence of the nature of climate, and of climate feedbacks, over the past 420,000 years. Marine records suggest that the amplitude of climate variability was smaller before that time, but such records are often poorly resolved. Moreover, it is not possible to infer the abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from marine records. Here we report the recovery of a deep ice core from Dome C, Antarctica, that provides a climate record for the past 740,000 years. For the four most recent glacial cycles, the data agree well with the record from Vostok. The earlier period, between 740,000 and 430,000 years ago, was characterized by less pronounced warmth in interglacial periods in Antarctica, but a higher proportion of each cycle was spent in the warm mode. The transition from glacial to interglacial conditions about 430,000 years ago (Termination V) resembles the transition into the present interglacial period in terms of the magnitude of change in temperatures and greenhouse gases, but there are significant differences in the patterns of change. The interglacial stage following Termination V was exceptionally long—28,000 years compared to, for example, the 12,000 years recorded so far in the present interglacial period. Given the similarities between this earlier warm period and today, our results may imply that without human intervention, a climate similar to the present one would extend well into the future.
EPICA community members* (participants are listed alphabetically)
Laurent Augustin1, Carlo Barbante2, Piers R. F. Barnes3, Jean Marc Barnola1, Matthias Bigler4, Emiliano Castellano5, Olivier Cattani6,
Jerome Chappellaz1, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen7, Barbara Delmonte1,8, Gabrielle Dreyfus6, Gael Durand1, Sonia Falourd6, Hubertus Fischer9,
Jacqueline Fluckiger4, Margareta E. Hansson10, Philippe Huybrechts9, Gerard Jugie11, Sigfus J. Johnsen7, Jean Jouzel6, Patrik Kaufmann4,
Josef Kipfstuhl9, Fabrice Lambert4, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov12, Genevieve C. Littot3, Antonio Longinelli13, Reginald Lorrain14, Valter Maggi8,
Valerie Masson-Delmotte6, Heinz Miller9, Robert Mulvaney3, Johannes Oerlemans15, Hans Oerter9, Giuseppe Orombelli8, Frederic Parrenin1,6,
David A. Peel3, Jean-Robert Petit1, Dominique Raynaud1, Catherine Ritz1, Urs Ruth9, Jakob Schwander4, Urs Siegenthaler4, Roland Souchez14,
Bernhard Stauffer4, Jorgen Peder Steffensen7, Barbara Stenni16, Thomas F. Stocker4, Ignazio E. Tabacco17, Roberto Udisti5,
Roderik S. W. van de Wal15, Michiel van den Broeke15, Jerome Weiss1, Frank Wilhelms9, Jan-Gunnar Winther18, Eric W. Wolff3 & Mario Zucchelli19*
1, Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement (CNRS), BP 96, 38402 St Martin d’Heres Cedex, France; 2, Environmental Sciences Department,
University of Venice, Calle Larga S. Marta, 2137, I-30123 Venice, Italy; 3, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; 4, Climate
and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; 5, Department of Chemistry—Analytical Chemistry
Section, Scientific Pole—University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; 6, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences
du Climat et de l’Environnement, UMR CEA-CNRS 1572, CE Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France; 7, Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics
and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 8, University of Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambiente
e Territorio, Piazza della Scienza 1, I-20126 Milan, Italy; 9, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar- und Marine Research (AWI), Postfach 120161, D-27515 Bremerhaven,
Germany; 10, Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 11, Institut Polaire Francais–Paul Emile Victor (IPEV), BP 75, 29280 Plouzane, France; 12, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 38 Beringa Street, 199397 St Petersburg, Russia; 13, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, I-43100 Parma, Italy; 14, Departement des Sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, Faculte des Sciences, CP 160/03, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue FD Roosevelt, B1050 Brussels, Belgium; 15, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht
(IMAU), Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands; 16, Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 2,
I-34127 Trieste, Italy; 17, Earth Science Department, University of Milan, Via Cicognara 7, 20129 Milano, Italy; 18, Norwegian Polar Institute, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway;
19, ENEA, CRE Casaccia, PO Box 2400, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S. Maria di Galleria (RM), Italy.
*Deceased. |
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960 |
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0028-0836 |
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Notes |
10.1038/nature02599 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5553 |
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Author |
Nathalie Boullot, Florence Rabier, Rolf Langland, Ron Gelaro, Carla Cardinali, Vincent Guidard, Peter Bauer, Alexis Doerenbecher |
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Title |
Observation impact over the southern polar area during the Concordiasi field campaign |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
142 |
Issue |
695 |
Pages |
597-610 |
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Keywords |
dropsondes forecast score forecast sensitivity to observations observing-system experiment |
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Abstract |
The impact of observations on analysis uncertainty and forecast performance was investigated for austral spring 2010 over the southern polar area for four different systems (NRL, GMAO, ECMWF and Météo-France) at the time of the Concordiasi field experiment. The largest multi-model variance in 500 hPa height analyses is found in the southern sub-Antarctic oceanic region, where there are rapidly evolving weather systems, rapid forecast-error growth, and fewer upper-air wind observation data to constrain the analyses. The total impact of all observations on the model forecast was computed using the 24 h forecast sensitivity-to-observations diagnostic. Observation types that contribute most to the reduction of the forecast error are shown to be AMSU, IASI, AIRS, GPS-RO, radiosonde, surface and atmospheric motion vector observations. For sounding data, radiosondes and dropsondes, one can note a large impact on the analysis and forecasts of temperature at low levels and a large impact of wind at high levels. Observing system experiments using the Concordiasi dropsondes show a large impact of the observations over the Antarctic plateau extending to lower latitudes with the forecast range, with the largest impact around 50–70°S. These experiments indicate there is a potential benefit from using radiance data better over land and sea-ice and from innovative atmospheric motion vectors obtained from a combination of various satellites to fill the current data gaps and improve numerical weather prediction analyses in this region. |
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914 |
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ISSN |
1477-870X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8281 |
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Author |
Romanova, L. G., Pokatilova, N. V., Balter, V., &Amp; Crubezy, E. |
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Title |
Mezhdisciplinarnyj podhod v izuchenii pitanija jakutov s XVII po XIX v. [Archaeological and biological approaches in the study of the Yakut diet in the 17th and 19th/20th centuries] (In Russian) |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Yakut medical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
69 |
Pages |
73-76 |
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Programme |
1038 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7784 |
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Author |
Alemany O, Chappellaz J, Triest J, Calzas M, Cattani O, Chemin JF, Desbois Q, Desbois T, Duphil R, Falourd S, Grilli R, Guillerme C, Kerstel E, Laurent B, Lefebvre E, Marrocco N, Pascual O, Piard L, Possenti P, Romanini D, Thiebaut V, Yamani R, |
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Title |
The SUBGLACIOR drilling probe: concept and design
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Annals of Glaciology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
68 |
Pages |
233-242 |
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Abstract |
In response to the ‘oldest ice’ challenge initiated by the International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences (IPICS), new rapid-access drilling technologies through glacier ice need to be developed. These will provide the information needed to qualify potential sites on the Antarctic ice sheet where the deepest section could include ice that is >1Ma old and still in good stratigraphic order. Identifying a suitable site will be a prerequisite for deploying a multi-year deep ice-core drilling operation to elucidate the cause and mechanisms of the mid-Pleistocene transition from 40 ka glacial–interglacial cycles to 100 ka cycles. As part of the ICE&LASERS/SUBGLACIOR projects, we have designed an innovative probe, SUBGLACIOR, with the aim of perforating the ice sheet down to the bedrock in a single season and continuously measuring in situ the isotopic composition of the melted water and the methane concentration in trapped gases. Here we present the general concept of the probe, as well as the various technological solutions that we have favored so far to reach this goal. |
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1119 |
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International Glaciological Society |
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0260-3055 |
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5931 |
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Author |
Duphil Romain, Possenti Philippe, Piard Luc, |
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A new leak-tight borehole casing at Dome Concordia station, Antarctica, for the SUBGLACIOR project
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Annals of Glaciology |
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55 |
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68 |
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351-354 |
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In the frame of the SUBGLACIOR project, a new type of casing has been installed for testing during the 2013/14 austral summer season at Dome Concordia station, Antarctica. The SUBGLACIOR probe requires a full fluid column up to the surface, in order to circulate fluid for icechips recovery. This makes it essential that the casing is leak-tight through the porous firn column. We have evaluated existing solutions before opting to test a new method. This new system is made of polyethylene pipes which are welded together at the surface while the casing pipes are lowered into the reamed borehole. It is simple and lightweight and allows the casing to be installed quickly with
optimum chance of being leak-tight. The installed casing has been tested both with compressed air and drilling fluids and has proven to work. |
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International Glaciological Society |
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02603055 |
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5932 |
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