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Nevison Cynthia D, Mahowald Natalie M, Doney Scott C, Lima Ivan D, van der Werf Guido R, Randerson James T, Baker David F, Kasibhatla Prasad, McKinley Galen A, |
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Title |
Contribution of ocean, fossil fuel, land biosphere, and biomass burning carbon fluxes to seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric CO2
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue  |
G1 |
Pages |
G01010 - |
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Keywords |
atmospheric CO 2, interannual variability, seasonal cycles, transport model, 0428 Biogeosciences: Carbon cycling, 0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling, 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions, 0312 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Air/sea constituent fluxes, 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere: constituent transport and chemistry, |
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Abstract |
Seasonal and interannual variability in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations was simulated using fluxes from fossil fuel, ocean and terrestrial biogeochemical models, and a tracer transport model with time-varying winds. The atmospheric CO2 variability resulting from these surface fluxes was compared to observations from 89 GLOBALVIEW monitoring stations. At northern hemisphere stations, the model simulations captured most of the observed seasonal cycle in atmospheric CO2, with the land tracer accounting for the majority of the signal. The ocean tracer was 3–6 months out of phase with the observed cycle at these stations and had a seasonal amplitude only ~10% on average of observed. Model and observed interannual CO2 growth anomalies were only moderately well correlated in the northern hemisphere (R ~ 0.4–0.8), and more poorly correlated in the southern hemisphere (R < 0.6). Land dominated the interannual variability (IAV) in the northern hemisphere, and biomass burning in particular accounted for much of the strong positive CO2 growth anomaly observed during the 1997–1998 El Nio event. The signals in atmospheric CO2 from the terrestrial biosphere extended throughout the southern hemisphere, but oceanic fluxes also exerted a strong influence there, accounting for roughly half of the IAV at many extratropical stations. However, the modeled ocean tracer was generally uncorrelated with observations in either hemisphere from 1979–2004, except during the weak El Nio/post-Pinatubo period of the early 1990s. During that time, model results suggested that the ocean may have accounted for 20–25% of the observed slowdown in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate.
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416 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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1710 |
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Author |
Lavrillier, A., L. Egorova, S. Gabyshev |
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Title |
Der Klimawandel aus Sicht der Wissenschaft der sibirischen indigenen Bevölkerung (Evenken) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
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In E. Kasten Mensch und Natur in Sibirien: Umweltw |
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Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien |
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121-161 |
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Abstract |
a chapter in a peer-reviewed edited volume volume |
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1127 |
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978-3-942883-74-0 |
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yes |
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8518 |
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Lavrillier, A., L. Egorova, S. Gabyshev |
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Title |
Izmeneniye klimata s tochki zreniya nauki korennykh narodov Sibiri (evenkov) [Climate change from the point of view of science of the indigenous peoples of Siberia (Evenks)] |
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Journal |
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2022 |
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In E. Kasten Chelovek i priroda v Sibiri: Ekologic |
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Fürstenberg/Havel: Kulturstiftung Sibirien |
Pages |
121-161 |
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Abstract |
Chapter peer-reviewed edited volumes |
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1127 |
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978-3-942883-75-7 |
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yes |
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8522 |
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Author |
MAJ Emilie |
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Title |
Crin noir, crin blanc, fil du destin
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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Issue |
Fil à fil. Contes à débobiner (46) |
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22-23 |
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Abstract |
A popular article in form of an invented tale abot the use of horse hair by Yakut people in the past |
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1024 |
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yes |
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3630 |
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Author |
Domine Florent, Bock Josu, Morin Samuel, Giraud Grald, |
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Title |
Linking the effective thermal conductivity of snow to its shear strength and density
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
F4 |
Pages |
F04027- |
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Keywords |
avalanche, shear strength, snow, thermal conductivity, 0736 Cryosphere: Snow (1827, 1863), 0742 Cryosphere: Avalanches (4302), 0770 Cryosphere: Properties, 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology (1621, 1827, 1863), |
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Abstract |
The effective thermal conductivity of snow, keff, is a crucial climatic and environmental variable. Here, we test the intuition that keff is linked to microstructural and mechanical properties by attempting to relate keff to density ρsnow, and to shear strength σ measured with a handheld shear vane. We performed 106 combined measurements of keff, ρsnow and σ in the Alps, Svalbard, Arctic Alaska, and near the North Pole, covering essentially all snow types. We find a good correlation between keff and ρsnow which is not significantly different from that of Sturm et al. (1997). The correlation between keff and a combination of σ and ρsnow is stronger than with density alone. We propose an equation linking keff, (W m-1 K-1) ρsnow (kg m-3) and σ (Pa): keff = 7.114 10-5 ρsnow σ0.333 + 2.367 10-2. This equation places constraints on the calculation of keff, ρsnow and σ in avalanche warning models where σ is a key variable. For our samples, we calculate σ from measured values of keff and ρsnow using our equation and compare the value to that predicted by the French MEPRA avalanche warning model, which uses density and grain type as input data. MEPRA and the prediction of σ based on keff and ρsnow agree within 8%. MEPRA agrees with observations within 11%. Calculating σ from density only yields values 55% lower than measured, showing the interest of using additional data to predict σ.
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1017 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1171 |
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Author |
Berthier E., Le Bris R., Mabileau L., Testut L. & Rémy F. |
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Title |
Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) between 1963 and 2006 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance. |
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Abstract |
Ce travail qui n'est pas issu du programme 136 utilise des données climatologiques enregistrées Plaine Ampère et fournies par le 136 |
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136 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5933 |
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Author |
Berthier Etienne, Le Bris Raymond, Mabileau Laure, Testut Laurent, Rmy Frdrique, |
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Title |
Ice wastage on the Kerguelen Islands (49S, 69E) between 1963 and 2006
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03005 - |
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Keywords |
ice caps, climate change, remote sensing, Kerguelen Islands, Southern Ocean, mass balance, 0720 Cryosphere: Glaciers, 0738 Cryosphere: Ice, 0776 Cryosphere: Glaciology, 0758 Cryosphere: Remote sensing, 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance, |
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Abstract |
We observed the wastage of ice masses on the Kerguelen Islands (Indian Ocean, 49S, 69E) using historical information and recent satellite data. Overall, the total ice-covered area on the islands declined from 703 to 552 km2 between 1963 and 2001, a reduction of 21%. The area of Cook ice cap (the main ice body) decreased asymmetrically from 501 to 403 km2. West flowing glaciers lost 11% of their area, while east flowing glaciers lost 28%. After 1991, the retreat rate accelerated from 1.9 km2/a (1963–1991) to 3.8 km2/a (1991–2003). Between 1963 and 2000, the ice volume loss was 25–30 km3, equivalent to an area-average ice-thinning rate of 1.4–1.7 m/a. The glacial retreat took place in the climatic context of a relatively low level of precipitation (compared to the 1950s) and a ~1C warming that occurred between 1964 and 1982. The acceleration of the ice losses since at least the 1990s indicates that the state of the ice bodies on the Kerguelen Islands is still far from balanced. Together with other studies in Patagonia, South Georgia, and Heard Island, our analysis is consistent with a pattern of strong and accelerated wastage of ice masses influenced by the Southern Ocean.
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688 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1858 |
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Author |
Durand G, Gagliardini O, de Fleurian B, Zwinger T, Le Meur E, |
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Title |
Marine ice sheet dynamics: Hysteresis and neutral equilibrium
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
114 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03009 - |
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Keywords |
marine ice sheet, grounding line, full Stokes modeling, 0774 Cryosphere: Dynamics, 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets, 0728 Cryosphere: Ice shelves, 0798 Cryosphere: Modeling, |
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Abstract |
The stability of marine ice sheets and outlet glaciers is mostly controlled by the dynamics of their grounding line, i.e., where the bottom contact of the ice changes from bedrock or till to ocean water. The last report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has clearly underlined the poor ability of models to capture the dynamics of outlet glaciers. Here we present computations of grounding line dynamics on the basis of numerical solutions of the full Stokes equations for ice velocity, coupled with the evolution of the air ice– and sea ice–free interfaces. The grounding line position is determined by solving the contact problem between the ice and a rigid bedrock using the finite element code Elmer. Results of the simulations show that marine ice sheets are unstable on upsloping beds and undergo hysteresis under perturbation of ice viscosity, confirming conclusions from boundary layer theory. The present approach also indicates that a 2-D unconfined marine ice sheet sliding over a downsloping bedrock does not exhibit neutral equilibrium. It is shown that mesh resolution around the grounding line is a crucial issue. A very fine grid size (<100 m spacing) is needed in order to achieve consistent results.
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Programme |
1053 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
1877 |
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Author |
Gusmeroli Alessio, Pettit Erin C, Kennedy Joseph H, Ritz Catherine, |
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Title |
The crystal fabric of ice from full-waveform borehole sonic logging
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03021- |
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Keywords |
Ice anisotropy, borehole sonic logging, ice crystal fabric, 0726 Cryosphere: Ice sheets, 0915 Exploration Geophysics: Downhole methods, 0935 Exploration Geophysics: Seismic methods (3025, 7294), |
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Abstract |
In an ice sheet, a preferred crystal orientation fabric affects deformation rates because ice crystals are strongly anisotropic: shear along the basal plane is significantly easier than shear perpendicular to the basal plane. The effect of fabric can be as important as temperature in defining deformation rates. Fabric is typically measured using analysis of thin sections under the microscope with co-polarized light. Due to the time-consuming and destructive nature of these measurements, however, it is difficult to capture the spatial variation in fabric necessary for evincing ice sheet flow patterns. Because an ice crystal is similarly elastically anisotropic, the speed of elastic waves through ice can be used as a proxy for quantify anisotropy. We use borehole sonic logging measurements and thin section data from Dome C, East Antarctica to define the relations between apparent fabric and borehole measured elastic speeds (compressional VP and vertically polarized shear VSV). These relations, valid for single maximum fabrics, allow in-situ, depth-continuous fabric estimates of unimodal fabric strength from borehole sonic logging. We describe the single maximum fabric using a1: the largest eigenvalue of the second-order orientation tensor. For ice at -16C and a1 in the 0.7-1 range the relations are VP = 248 a13.7 + 3755 m s-1 and VSV = -210a17.3 + 1968 m s-1.
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902 |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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505 |
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Author |
Favier Vincent, Agosta Ccile, Genthon Christophe, Arnaud Laurent, Trouvillez Alexandre, Galle Hubert, |
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Title |
Modeling the mass and surface heat budgets in a coastal blue ice area of Adelie Land, Antarctica
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
J. Geophys. Res. |
Abbreviated Journal |
0148-0227 |
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Volume |
116 |
Issue |
F3 |
Pages |
F03017- |
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Keywords |
Antarctica, blue ice, cryosphere, energy balance, melting, 0738 Cryosphere: Ice (1863), 0762 Cryosphere: Mass balance (1218, 1223), 0764 Cryosphere: Energy balance, 0768 Cryosphere: Thermal regime, 0798 Cryosphere: Modeling (1952, 4316), |
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Abstract |
Meteorological data recorded from 12 December 2008 to 30 June 2010 were analyzed to assess the surface energy balance (SEB) in a blue ice area of Cap Prudhomme, Adelie Land (6641′S, 13955′E). The SEB was computed with a newly developed model forced by direct measurements and with a voluntarily limited number of parameters to better assess model sensitivity. Incoming short-wave radiation was corrected for the slope and orientation of the local terrain assuming direct and diffuse radiation components. Turbulent heat fluxes were assessed using the bulk aerodynamic approach. Heat conduction in the ice was computed by solving the thermal diffusion equation. Snow accumulation was modeled using ERA interim total precipitation and a one-dimensional erosion model. The surface heat budget and accumulation/erosion model accurately reproduced field observations. The occurrence of blue ice is linked with higher rates of erosion than in the surrounding snow covered areas, which may be caused by local flow divergence or snow not being redistributed from higher elevations. Melting occurs between December and February when incoming short-wave radiation is high. However, the SEB was closely linked to air temperature through the incoming long-wave radiation and the turbulent sensible heat flux. Several warm events caused by cyclones intruding into the continent led to significant warming of the ice and high melting rates. Intruding cyclones were also associated with high precipitation that led to significant accumulation. Except in blue ice areas, modeling suggests that expected higher precipitation in a warmer climate will result in more accumulation.
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411;1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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AGU |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
3294 |
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