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Author |
Viblanc Vincent A, Mathien Adeline, Saraux Claire, Viera Vanessa M, Groscolas René, |
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Title |
It Costs to Be Clean and Fit: Energetics of Comfort Behavior in Breeding-Fasting Penguins
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
1932-6203 |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue  |
7 |
Pages |
e21110- |
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119 |
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Public Library of Science |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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3796 |
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Author |
Reymond D, Crusem R, Barriot J P, |
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Title |
Empirical approaches for fast robust inversion of seismic moment tensor from surface waves
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
L07307- |
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Keywords |
moment tensor, robust inversion, IRLS, 3260 Inverse theory, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations, 7215 Earthquake source observations, |
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Abstract |
We present a method of robust inversion (also called IRLS: Iterative Reweighted Least Squares) which is surprisingly insensitive to outlier data points, as it discards automatically the aberrant points, without the necessity for careful human inspection and control of data quality. Different criteria based on residuals and signal-to-noise ratio are injected into the covariance matrix (acting like a weighting function), to perform the robust inversion using the iterative generalized discrete inverse method of Tarantola-Valette. From a practical point of view, this algorithm is used as the Preliminary Determination of Focal Mechanism (PDFM) method, which is a project for rapid estimation of source parameters of strong earthquakes in the context of tsunami warning. The input data to be inverted are spectra of long period surface waves, and as an output, the computed result is the seismic moment tensor, from which focal geometry of an earthquake, and principal stress axes are obtained. This method can be applied to any other method of non-linear (iterative) inversions confronted to the problem of outlier points polluting the data sets.
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133 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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403 |
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Author |
Schimmel M, Stutzmann E, Ardhuin F, Gallart J, |
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Title |
Polarized Earth's ambient microseismic noise
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
1525-2027 |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
Q07014- |
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Keywords |
microseismic noise, polarization, primary and secondary microseisms, seismology, 7255 Surface waves and free oscillations, 7299 General or miscellaneous, |
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Abstract |
We quantify, analyze, and characterize the frequency-dependent microseismic noise recorded by worldwide distributed seismic stations. Microseismic noise is generated through the interaction of ocean waves. It is the strongest ambient noise, and it is observed everywhere on Earth. We introduce a new approach which permits us to detect polarized signals in the time-frequency domain and which we use to characterize the microseismic noise. We analyze 7 years of continuous seismograms from the global GEOSCOPE network. Microseisms are dominated by Rayleigh waves, and we therefore focus on elliptically polarized signals. The polarized signals are detected in the time-frequency domain through a degree of polarization measure. We design polarization spectra and show that microseismic noise is more strongly polarized than noise in other frequency bands. This property is used to measure the directions of the polarized noise at individual stations as a function of time and frequency. Seasonal variations are found for the back azimuths and for the number of polarized signals at many stations. We show that the back azimuth directions are robust measurements that point toward the source areas computed from ocean wave models.
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133 |
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1525-2027 |
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yes |
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Serial |
725 |
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Author |
Fort Jérôme, Beaugrand Grégory, Grémillet David, Phillips Richard A, |
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Title |
Biologging, Remotely-Sensed Oceanography and the Continuous Plankton Recorder Reveal the Environmental Determinants of a Seabird Wintering Hotspot
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
PLoS ONE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e41194- |
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Abstract |
Marine environments are greatly affected by climate change, and understanding how this perturbation affects marine vertebrates is a major issue. In this context, it is essential to identify the environmental drivers of animal distribution. Here, we focused on the little auk (Alle alle), one of the worlds most numerous seabirds and a major component in Arctic food webs. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we show how little auks adopt specific migratory strategies and balance environmental constraints to optimize their energy budgets. Miniature electronic loggers indicate that after breeding, birds from East Greenland migrate >2000 km to overwinter in a restricted area off Newfoundland. Synoptic data available from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) indicate that this region harbours some of the highest densities of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus found in the North Atlantic during winter. Examination of large-scale climatic and oceanographic data suggests that little auks favour patches of high copepod abundance in areas where air temperature ranges from 0°C to 5°C. These results greatly advance our understanding of animal responses to extreme environmental constraints, and highlight that information on habitat preference is key to identifying critical areas for marine conservation.
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388 |
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Public Library of Science |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4084 |
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Author |
Blangy Sylvie, Donohoe Holly M, Mitchell Scott, |
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Title |
Developing a geocollaboratory for Indigenous tourism research
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Current Issues in Tourism |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
693-706 |
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Programme |
1193 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1368-3500 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4234 |
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Author |
Pierrat Benjamin, Saucède Thomas, Brayard Arnaud, David Bruno, |
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Title |
Comparative biogeography of echinoids, bivalves and gastropods from the Southern Ocean
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1374-1385 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic, bootstrapped spanning network, dispersal, sub-Antarctic, trans-Antarctic seaway, vicariance, |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1044 |
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ISSN |
1365-2699 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4309 |
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Author |
Pierrat Benjamin, Saucède Thomas, Brayard Arnaud, David Bruno, |
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Title |
Comparative biogeography of echinoids, bivalves and gastropods from the Southern Ocean
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Biogeogr. |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1374-1385 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic, bootstrapped spanning network, dispersal, sub-Antarctic, trans-Antarctic seaway, vicariance, |
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Abstract |
Aim
Biogeographical patterns within three classes, the Echinoidea, Bivalvia and Gastropoda, were investigated in Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and cold-temperate areas based on species occurrence data. Faunal similarities among regions were analysed to: (1) test the robustness of the biogeographical patterns previously identified in bivalves and gastropods; (2) compare them with the biogeographical patterns identified for echinoids; and (3) evaluate the reliability of the biogeographical provinces previously proposed, depending on the taxa and taxonomic levels analysed.
Location
The Southern Ocean, sub-Antarctic islands and cold-temperate areas south of 45° S latitude at depths of < 1000 m.
Methods
Taxonomic similarities among 14 bioregions were analysed using a non-hierarchical clustering method, the bootstrapped spanning network (BSN) procedure. Taxonomic similarities were analysed within the three classes at species and genus levels.
Results
The previously identified large-scale biogeographical entities are clarified. Echinoid and bivalve faunas are structured mainly according to three faunal provinces: (1) New Zealand, (2) southern South America and sub-Antarctic islands, and (3) Antarctica. Gastropod faunas group into five provinces: (1) New Zealand, (2) southern South America, (3) east sub-Antarctic islands, (4) West Antarctica, and (5) East Antarctica. Strong faunal relationships between bioregions perfectly match the flows of the Antarctic Circumpolar and Antarctic Coastal currents. Moreover, the legacy of the climatic and palaeoceanographic history of Antarctica is revealed by trans-Antarctic faunal affinities, thereby strongly supporting hypotheses of past marine seaways that would have connected both the Amundsen–Bellingshausen area to the Weddell Sea and the Weddell Sea to the Ross Sea.
Main conclusions
A significant advantage of the BSN procedure lies in the possibility of identifying both biogeographical groupings and transitional areas; that is, both strong connections and groupings between bioregions. The method has also proved to be efficient for identifying potential faunal exchange pathways and dispersal routes, both present and past, by fitting networks to oceanographic and palaeogeographical maps. |
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1124 |
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ISSN |
1365-2699 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4566 |
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Author |
Gazeaux J, Bekki S, Naveau P, Keckhut P, Jumelet J, Parades J, David C, |
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Title |
Detection of particle layers in backscatter profiles: application to Antarctic lidar measurements
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Atmos. Chem. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
1680-7316 |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
3205-3217 |
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Programme |
209 |
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Publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
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ISSN |
1680-7324 |
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yes |
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Serial |
4674 |
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Author |
Der Sarkissian C, Ermini L, Jónsson H, Alekseev A N, Crubezy E, Shapiro B, Orlando L, |
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Title |
Shotgun microbial profiling of fossil remains
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1780-1798 |
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Keywords |
ancient DNA, metagenomics, microbial profiling, next-generation sequencing, |
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Abstract |
Millions to billions of DNA sequences can now be generated from ancient skeletal remains thanks to the massive throughput of next-generation sequencing platforms. Except in cases of exceptional endogenous DNA preservation, most of the sequences isolated from fossil material do not originate from the specimen of interest, but instead reflect environmental organisms that colonized the specimen after death. Here, we characterize the microbial diversity recovered from seven c. 200- to 13 000-year-old horse bones collected from northern Siberia. We use a robust, taxonomy-based assignment approach to identify the microorganisms present in ancient DNA extracts and quantify their relative abundance. Our results suggest that molecular preservation niches exist within ancient samples that can potentially be used to characterize the environments from which the remains are recovered. In addition, microbial community profiling of the seven specimens revealed site-specific environmental signatures. These microbial communities appear to comprise mainly organisms that colonized the fossils recently. Our approach significantly extends the amount of useful data that can be recovered from ancient specimens using a shotgun sequencing approach. In future, it may be possible to correlate, for example, the accumulation of postmortem DNA damage with the presence and/or abundance of particular microbes.
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1038 |
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ISSN |
1365-294X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
4901 |
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Author |
Vallée Martin, Satriano Claudio, |
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Title |
Ten year recurrence time between two major earthquakes affecting the same fault segment
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2312-2318 |
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Keywords |
earthquake recurrence, rerupture, seismic gap hypothesis, dynamic stress, Scotia, 7215 Earthquake source observations, 7223 Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction, 7203 Body waves, 7209 Earthquake dynamics, 7250 Transform faults, |
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Abstract |
Earthquake ruptures stop when they encounter barriers impeding further propagation. These barriers can theoretically originate from changes of geometry or nature of the seismic faults or from a strong lowering of the tectonic stresses, typically due to the occurrence of a recent major earthquake. We show here that this latter mechanism can be ineffective at stopping rupture expansion: the 17 November 2013 magnitude 7.8 Scotia Sea earthquake has propagated into a 100 km long zone already ruptured 10 years ago by a magnitude 7.6 earthquake. Given the plate velocities between Scotia and Antarctic plates (8–9 mm/yr), simple recurrence models would have predicted that the segment affected by the 2003 earthquake could not be reruptured by a major earthquake during several hundreds of years. This earthquake pair indicates that the variations of the tectonic stress during the seismic history of the fault are small compared to the stresses dynamically generated by a large earthquake. |
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133 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5025 |
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