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Romiguier J, Gayral P, Ballenghien M, Bernard A, Cahais V, Chenuil A, Chiari Y, Dernat R, Duret L, Faivre N, Loire E, Lourenco J M, Nabholz B, Roux C, Tsagkogeorga G, Weber A A-T, Weinert L A, Belkhir K, Bierne N, Glemin S, Galtier N, |
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Title |
Comparative population genomics in animals uncovers the determinants of genetic diversity
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
515 |
Issue  |
7526 |
Pages |
261-263 |
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Abstract |
Genetic diversity is the amount of variation observed between DNA sequences from distinct individuals of a given species. This pivotal concept of population genetics has implications for species health, domestication, management and conservation. Levels of genetic diversity seem to vary greatly in natural populations and species, but the determinants of this variation, and particularly the relative influences of species biology and ecology versus population history, are still largely mysterious1, 2. Here we show that the diversity of a species is predictable, and is determined in the first place by its ecological strategy. We investigated the genome-wide diversity of 76 non-model animal species by sequencing the transcriptome of two to ten individuals in each species. The distribution of genetic diversity between species revealed no detectable influence of geographic range or invasive status but was accurately predicted by key species traits related to parental investment: long-lived or low-fecundity species with brooding ability were genetically less diverse than short-lived or highly fecund ones. Our analysis demonstrates the influence of long-term life-history strategies on species response to short-term environmental perturbations, a result with immediate implications for conservation policies. |
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1044 |
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Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
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0028-0836 |
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yes |
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Serial |
5253 |
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Author |
Kennicutt Mahlon C, Chown Steven L, Cassano John J, Liggett Daniela, Massom Rob, Peck Lloyd S, Rintoul Steve R, Storey John W V, Vaughan David G, Wilson Terry J, Sutherland William J, |
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Title |
Polar research: Six priorities for Antarctic science.
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
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Volume |
512 |
Issue |
7512 |
Pages |
23-5 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Regions, Astronomy, Atmosphere, Atmosphere: chemistry, Biological Evolution, Budgets, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources, Conservation of Natural Resources: methods, Ecology, Exobiology, Ice Cover, International Cooperation, Oceans and Seas, Policy Making, Research, Research: economics, Research: trends, |
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Abstract |
On behalf of attendees at the 1st SCAR Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Horizon Scan Retreat, 20–23 April 2014, Queenstown, New Zealand. See Supplementary Information for a full list of co-signatories that include the PI of the program |
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1091 |
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0028-0836 |
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yes |
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5916 |
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Saraux Claire, Le Bohec Celine, Durant Joel M, Viblanc Vincent A, Gauthier-Clerc Michel, Beaune David, Park Young-Hyang, Yoccoz Nigel G, Stenseth Nils C, Le Maho Yvon, |
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Title |
Reliability of flipper-banded penguins as indicators of climate change
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
NATURE |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
469 |
Issue |
7329 |
Pages |
203-206 |
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Programme |
137 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. |
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0028-0836 |
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yes |
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Serial |
3300 |
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Author |
Peter Baas, Bas J. H. van de Wiel, Erik van Meijgaard, Etienne Vignon, Christophe Genthon, Steven J. A. van der Linden, Stephan R. de Roode |
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Title |
Transitions in the wintertime near-surface temperature inversion at Dome C, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
145 |
Issue |
720 |
Pages |
930-946 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic atmosphere observational data analysis regime transition single-column model stable boundary layer |
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Abstract |
In this work we study the dynamics of the surface-based temperature inversion over the Antarctic Plateau during the polar winter. Using 6 years of observations from the French–Italian Antarctic station Concordia at Dome C, we investigate sudden regime transitions in the strength of the near-surface temperature inversion. Here we define “near-surface” as being within the domain of the 45-m measuring tower. In particular, we consider the strongly nonlinear relation between the 10-m inversion strength (T10m – Ts) and the 10-m wind speed. To this end, all individual events for which the 10-m inversion strength increases or decreases continuously by more than 15 K in time are considered. Composite time series and vertical profiles of wind and temperature reveal specific characteristics of the transition from weak to very strong inversions and vice versa. In contrast to midlatitudes, the largest variations in temperature are not found at the surface but at a height of 10 m. A similar analysis was performed on results from an atmospheric single-column model (SCM). Overall, the SCM results reproduce the observed characteristics of the transitions in the near-surface inversion remarkably well. Using model output, the underlying mechanisms of the regime transitions are identified. The nonlinear relation between inversion strength and wind speed at a given level is explained by variations in the geostrophic wind speed, changes in the depth of the turbulent layer and the vertical divergence of turbulent fluxes. Moreover, the transitions between different boundary layer regimes cannot be explained without considering the contribution of subsidence heating. |
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1013 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1477-870X |
ISBN |
1477-870X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7521 |
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Author |
Robson Anthony A, Chauvaud Laurent, Wilson Rory P, Halsey Lewis G, |
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Title |
Small actions, big costs: the behavioural energetics of a commercially important invertebrate
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Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of The Royal Society Interface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
72 |
Pages |
1486 -1498 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Anthropogenic disturbance of farmed animals can be detrimental by adversely affecting behaviours and metabolic rate, potentially reducing their commercial value. However, relatively little is known about the normal behavioural time budgets and associated metabolism of many such species, particularly for example pectinid bivalves, which use anaerobic metabolism during periods of short-burst activity. In the present study, we used the accelerometry technique to measure scallop overall dynamic body acceleration in combination with respirometry in order to obtain and compare the behavioural time budgets and associated metabolism of 10 scallops, Pecten maximus, in an aquaculture hatchery and 10 in the wild. Scallops in the wild typically spent only 0.1 per cent of the time moving (less than 2 min d1), yet, on average, the estimated metabolism of such movement represented 16.8 per cent of daily energy expenditure. Furthermore, owing to their reliance on anaerobic pathways during such activity, movement resulted in the wild scallops having a raised metabolic rate for, on average, an estimated 7.8 per cent of the time, during which oxygen debts accumulated during movement were paid off. Hatchery scallops also typically spent only 0.1 per cent of the time moving but estimated metabolism of such movement represented 41.8 per cent of daily energy expenditure. Estimated mean daily metabolism of scallops in the hatchery was significantly higher than scallops in the wild (169.1 versus 120.7 mg O2 d1) because anthropogenic disturbance in the hatchery caused energetically costly non-feeding behaviours. Consequently, hatchery scallops also spent a far greater amount of time with a raised metabolic rate (an estimated 26.6% of the time) than wild scallops. While short-term bursts of movement in pectinid bivalves may appear innocuous, they result in large expenditures of energy and an oxygen debt that is paid off over long periods of time that together limit further movement. These findings have implications for the farming industry; mitigating anthropogenic disturbances to farmed colonies may minimize non-feeding behaviours and hence maximize growth rates by reducing the costs of such movements and increasing the opportunity to feed.
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Programme |
1090 |
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ISSN |
1742-5689 |
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yes |
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Serial |
2936 |
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Author |
Saether, B.-E.; Lande, R.; Engen, S.; Weimerskirch, H.; Lillegard, M.; Altwegg, R.; Becker, P.H.; Bregnballe, T.; Brommer, J.E.; McCleery, R.H.; Merila, J.; Nyholm, E.; Rendell, W.; Robertson, R.R.; Tryjanowski, P.; Visser, M.E. |
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Title |
Generation time and temporal scaling of bird population dynamics |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
AADE editors' journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
436 |
Issue |
7047 |
Pages |
99-102 |
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Abstract |
Theoretical studies have shown that variation in density regulation strongly influences population dynamics1, yet our understanding of factors influencing the strength of density dependence in natural populations still is limited2. Consequently, few general hypotheses have been advanced to explain the large differences between species in the magnitude of population fluctuations3, 4, 5, 6. One reason for this is that the detection of density regulation in population time series is complicated by time lags induced by the life history of species7, 8 that make it difficult to separate the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors to the population dynamics. Here we use population time series for 23 bird species to estimate parameters of a stochastic density-dependent age-structured model. We show that both the strength of total density dependence in the life history and the magnitude of environmental stochasticity, including transient fluctuations in age structure, increase with generation time. These results indicate that the relationships between demographic and life-history traits in birds9, 10 translate into distinct population dynamical patterns that are apparent only on a scale of generations. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0160-6999 |
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Notes |
10.1038/nature03666 |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5593 |
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Author |
Vignon Etienne, van de Wiel Bas J. H., van Hooijdonk Ivo G. S., Genthon Christophe, van der Linden Steven J. A., van Hooft J. Antoon, Baas Peter, Maurel William, Traullé Olivier, Casasanta Giampietro |
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Title |
Stable boundary‐layer regimes at Dome C, Antarctica: observation and analysis |
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Journal |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
143 |
Issue |
704 |
Pages |
1241-1253 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic atmosphere critical transition stable boundary layer wind‐speed threshold |
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Abstract |
Investigation of meteorological measurements along a 45 m tower at Dome C on the high East Antarctic Plateau revealed two distinct stable boundary layer (SBL) regimes at this location. The first regime is characterized by strong winds and continuous turbulence. It results in full vertical coupling of temperature, wind magnitude and wind direction in the SBL. The second regime is characterized by weak winds, associated with weak turbulent activity and very strong temperature inversions reaching up to 25 K in the lowest 10 m. Vertical temperature profiles are generally exponentially shaped (convex) in the first regime and ?convex?concave?convex? in the second. The transition between the two regimes is particularly abrupt when looking at the near?surface temperature inversion and it can be identified by a 10 m wind?speed threshold. With winds under this threshold, the turbulent heat supply toward the surface becomes significantly lower than the net surface radiative cooling. The threshold value (including its range of uncertainty) appears to agree with recent theoretical predictions from the so?called ?minimum wind speed for sustainable turbulence? (MWST) theory. For the quasi?steady, clear?sky winter cases, the relation between the near?surface inversion amplitude and the wind speed takes a characteristic ?S? shape. Closer analysis suggests that this relation corresponds to a ?critical transition? between a steady turbulent and a steady ?radiative? regime, with a dynamically unstable branch in the transition zone. These fascinating characteristics of the Antarctic boundary layer challenge present and future numerical models to represent this region in a physically correct manner. |
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Programme |
1013 |
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ISSN |
0035-9009 |
ISBN |
0035-9009 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6574 |
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Author |
Macelloni G.,Brogioni M.,Pampaloni P., Cagnati A |
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Title |
Multi-frequency Microwave Emission from the East Antarctic Plateau:Temporal and Spatial Variability |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Transactions of geoscience and remote sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
45 |
Issue |
7 part1 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1144 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0196-2892 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
5466 |
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Author |
Dällenbach A., Blunier T., Flückiger J., Stauffer B., Chappelaz J. & Raynaud D. |
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Title |
Changes in the atmospheric CH4 gradient between Greenland and Antarctica during the Last Glacial and the transition to the Holocene. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1005-1008 |
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159 |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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Serial |
617 |
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Author |
Legrand M. |
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Title |
Ice core analysis in Arctic and Antarctic regions. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1993 |
Publication |
Nato advanced study institutes series. series a, life sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
NATO Adv. Stud. Inst. Ser. A. Life Sci. |
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Volume |
I |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
205-217 |
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Abstract |
NATO ASI Series |
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241 |
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ISSN |
0161-0449 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
1236 |
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